Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 311: What drug is used for chronic pain in tension headaches? _____

Answer: Amitriptyline

Flashcard 312: _____ are glaucoma drugs that are associated with ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, and ocular pruritis

Answer: a2-agonists

Flashcard 313: Food poisoning via _____ toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine, affecting both nicotinic and muscarinic transmission.

Answer: Botulinum (produced by *Clostridium botulinum*)

Extra: Botulinum toxin cleaves SNARE proteins (e.g., synaptobrevin), preventing the fusion of acetylcholine (ACh) vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. This inhibits ACh release at all cholinergic junctions, including the neuromuscular junction (nicotinic) and parasympathetic postganglionic terminals (muscarinic).

Flashcard 314: What effect do alpha-2 agonists have on sympathetic tone?

Answer: Decreased (sympatholytic)

Flashcard 315: What drug class do venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine belong to?_____

Answer: SNRIs

Flashcard 316: Glycopyrrolate is a(n) _____ antagonist

Answer: Muscarinic

Extra: Glycopyrrolate is a **non-selective** muscarinic antagonist. It is a **quaternary ammonium** compound, meaning it does not cross the blood-brain barrier and has minimal CNS side effects (unlike atropine). It is often used to reduce secretions (antisialogogue) and to prevent bradycardia during the reversal of neuromuscular blockade.

Flashcard 317: What drug class does atropine belong to? _____

Answer: Anti-muscarinics

Flashcard 318: What drug class does bupropion belong to?_____

Answer: Atypical antidepressants

Flashcard 319: Phenylephrine causes reflex _____ (HR)

Answer: bradycardia

Flashcard 320: Which neurotransmitter's release is prevented by the Botulinum toxin from Clostridium botulinum?_____

Answer: Acetylcholine