Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 301: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with benztropine and amantadine?_____

Answer: Parkinsonism

Flashcard 302: Nebulized _____ is a muscarinic antagonist that may be used to treat acute, severe asthma exacerbation

Answer: ipratropium

Flashcard 303: What is the treatment for scombroid poisoning?_____

Answer: Antihistamines (also may use albuterol and epinephrine if needed)

Flashcard 304: Examples of the beers criteria include drugs that increase the risk of anti_____ activity (antihistamines, GI antispasmodics)

Answer: cholinergic

Flashcard 305: What G-protein is the M1 muscarinic receptor coupled to? _____

Answer: Gq

Flashcard 306: Is phenoxybenzamine (alpha-blocker) selective or non-selective?

Answer: Non-selective

Flashcard 307: Which adrenergic receptor is sympatholytic? _____

Answer: $\alpha_2$ (Alpha-2) receptor

Extra: $\alpha_2$ receptors are presynaptic G_i-coupled receptors that provide negative feedback, inhibiting further norepinephrine release.

Flashcard 308: What is a lethal complication of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning if untreated?_____

Answer: Respiratory failure

Flashcard 309: Cholinomimetics cause _____ of bronchial smooth muscle, which may exacerbate asthma or COPD

Answer: contraction

Flashcard 310: Food poisoning via _____ toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine, affecting both nicotinic and muscarinic transmission.

Answer: Botulinum (produced by *Clostridium botulinum*)

Extra: Botulinum toxin cleaves SNARE proteins (e.g., synaptobrevin), preventing the fusion of acetylcholine (ACh) vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. This inhibits ACh release at all cholinergic junctions, including the neuromuscular junction (nicotinic) and parasympathetic postganglionic terminals (muscarinic).