Antimicrobials — Flashcards

Flashcard 341: What two drug classes are associated with methemoglobinemia? _____

Answer: Nitrates (and nitrites) & Sulfa drugs

Flashcard 342: P-glycoprotein is encoded for by the _____

Answer: MDR1 gene

Flashcard 343: Helicobacter pylori triple therapy includes a(n) _____, amoxicillin/metronidazole, and clarithromycin

Answer: PPI

Flashcard 344: Cladribine can result in _____-suppression (-cytopenias)

Answer: myelo

Flashcard 345: What is the formula for Clearance (CL)? CL = _____ = Vd × Ke

Answer: Rate of elimination / Cₚ

Extra: Clearance is the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time. Cₚ = plasma concentration Vd = volume of distribution Ke = elimination rate constant (0.693 / t½)

Flashcard 346: Which two solid tumors specifically can etoposide and teniposide (topoisomerase II inhibitors) be used to treat? _____, Small cell lung carcinoma

Answer: Testicular carcinoma

Flashcard 347: Diphyllobothrium latum is treated with _____ or niclosamide

Answer: praziquantel

Flashcard 348: Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against the cell surface marker CD52, which is expressed by _____

Answer: Lymphocytes

Flashcard 349: First-line treatment for severe (life-threatening) malaria is _____ (previously IV quinidine).

Answer: IV artesunate

Extra: The CDC and WHO now recommend IV artesunate as the drug of choice for severe malaria.

Flashcard 350: Myelosuppression induced by Methotrexate / overdose can be reversed using the drug _____

Answer: Leucovorin

Extra: Leucovorin (folinic acid) is a reduced form of folic acid that bypasses dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), the enzyme inhibited by Methotrexate. This allows for normal DNA synthesis to resume in healthy cells ("leucovorin rescue").