Antimicrobials — Flashcards

Flashcard 331: Because the EGF receptor is expressed at the epidermis, patients taking Erlotinib are at risk of an _____

Answer: acneiform rash

Extra: Erlotinib is an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor primarily used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer. **Side Effects:** 1. **Acneiform rash** (papulopustular eruption): Occurs because EGFR is highly expressed in the epidermis and adnexal structures; the severity of the rash often correlates with drug efficacy. 2. **Diarrhea** 3. **Interstitial lung disease** (rare)

Flashcard 332: Gemcitabine can result in _____-suppression (-cytopenias)

Answer: myelo

Flashcard 333: You can remember the treatment for Nocardia vs Actinomyces in a SNAP: (S_____ - Nocardia, Actinomyces - P_____)

Answer: ulfonamides

Flashcard 334: Methotrexate can cause _____, which results in increased ALT and AST levels

Answer: hepatotoxicity

Flashcard 335: Platinum analogs are known to cause _____ in a stocking-glove distribution

Answer: peripheral neuropathy

Flashcard 336: Sulfonylureas are _____ drugs and thus may cause adverse reactions in allergic patients

Answer: sulfa

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes)

Flashcard 337: Platinum based antineoplastics (suffix -platin) work by forming _____

Answer: intrastrand adducts

Flashcard 338: What class of alkylating agents requires **spontaneous (non-enzymatic)** bioactivation and is notably used to treat brain tumors? _____

Answer: Nitrosoureas

Extra: Nitrosoureas (e.g., **carmustine**, **lomustine**) are highly lipophilic and cross the blood-brain barrier. Unlike cyclophosphamide, they do not require hepatic enzymes for activation; they undergo spontaneous (non-enzymatic) decomposition.

Flashcard 339: Busulfan's use as an antineoplastic comes from its ability to be a(n) _____ agent

Answer: alkylating

Flashcard 340: Hydrogen peroxide works via a(n) _____ mechanism

Answer: free radical oxidation

Extra: #REF!