Antimicrobial allergies and cross-reactivity — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Bleomycin is associated with skin toxicity, such as rash and _____

Answer: hyperpigmentation

Flashcard 2: Stevens-Johnson syndrome typically arises as an adverse _____ reaction

Answer: drug

Flashcard 3: What type of drug interaction occurs when the effect of substances A and B together is equal to the sum of their individual effects?

Answer: Additive (e.g., aspirin and acetaminophen)

Flashcard 4: Which chronic gout drug can cause anaphylaxis?_____

Answer: Pegloticase

Flashcard 5: Sulfasalazine is contraindicated in patients with an allergy to _____ drugs

Answer: sulfa

Extra: Sulfasalazine is a DMARD used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. It is a combination of sulfapyridine (a sulfonamide) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). It is contraindicated in patients with a sulfonamide (sulfa) allergy. Etanercept, while also used for RA, is a TNF-alpha inhibitor and does not have this contraindication.

Flashcard 6: Commonly associated drugs with DRESS syndrome include _____, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamides

Answer: phenytoin (anticonvulsant)

Flashcard 7: What is the common treatment for all rickettsial diseases?

Answer: doxycycline

Flashcard 8: What are the two most characteristic toxicities associated with aminoglycosides?

Answer: Ototoxicity (Cranial Nerve VIII damage) and Nephrotoxicity

Flashcard 9: tetracyclines

Answer: discolored teeth

Flashcard 10: What is the mechanism of action of Antimycin A?

Answer: Inhibits Complex III of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Extra: Antimycin A blocks the transfer of electrons from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1, effectively inhibiting the Electron Transport Chain and oxidative phosphorylation.