Antimicrobial stewardship principles — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What drugs are used in prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii)?_____

Answer: TMP/SMX

Flashcard 2: Examples of the beers criteria include drugs that increase the risk of _____ infections (PPI's)

Answer: C. difficile

Flashcard 3: What antimicrobial is similar to sulfonamides, inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase?_____

Answer: Dapsone

Flashcard 4: What is the common treatment for all rickettsial diseases?

Answer: doxycycline

Flashcard 5: What are the two most characteristic toxicities associated with aminoglycosides?

Answer: Ototoxicity (Cranial Nerve VIII damage) and Nephrotoxicity

Flashcard 6: tetracyclines

Answer: discolored teeth

Flashcard 7: What is the mechanism of action of Antimycin A?

Answer: Inhibits Complex III of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Extra: Antimycin A blocks the transfer of electrons from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1, effectively inhibiting the Electron Transport Chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

Flashcard 8: What is the mechanism of action of Cyanide?

Answer: Inhibits Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) of the Electron Transport Chain, stopping oxidative phosphorylation.

Extra: Cyanide binds to the ferric (Fe3+) iron in cytochrome a3, preventing the final transfer of electrons to oxygen. Treatment: Nitrites (to create methemoglobin), Thiosulfate, or Hydroxocobalamin.

Flashcard 9: Mechanism of action of Rotenone?

Answer: Inhibits Complex I of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Extra: Rotenone (pesticide), Amobarbital (barbiturate), and MPP+ inhibit Complex I. This prevents the transfer of electrons from NADH to Coenzyme Q, thereby inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation.

Flashcard 10: What is the mechanism of action of Oligomycin?

Answer: Blocks ATP synthase (Complex V) \u2192 Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation

Extra: Oligomycin binds to the FO subunit of ATP synthase, preventing protons from flowing back into the mitochondrial matrix. This leads to a stop in ATP synthesis and a secondary inhibition of the electron transport chain due to the buildup of the proton gradient.