Empiric antimicrobial selection — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What drugs are used in prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii)?_____

Answer: TMP/SMX

Flashcard 2: _____ is used to treat anaerobic infections below the diaphragm

Answer: Metronidazole

Flashcard 3: Praziquantel is an anti-helminthic agent that increases Ca2+ permeability and increases _____.

Answer: vacuolization

Flashcard 4: Examples of the beers criteria include drugs that increase the risk of _____ infections (PPI's)

Answer: C. difficile

Flashcard 5: The capsular polysaccharide used in the Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine is _____

Answer: polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)

Flashcard 6: What is the common treatment for all rickettsial diseases?

Answer: doxycycline

Flashcard 7: What are the two most characteristic toxicities associated with aminoglycosides?

Answer: Ototoxicity (Cranial Nerve VIII damage) and Nephrotoxicity

Flashcard 8: tetracyclines

Answer: discolored teeth

Flashcard 9: What is the mechanism of action of Antimycin A?

Answer: Inhibits Complex III of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Extra: Antimycin A blocks the transfer of electrons from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1, effectively inhibiting the Electron Transport Chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

Flashcard 10: What is the mechanism of action of Cyanide?

Answer: Inhibits Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) of the Electron Transport Chain, stopping oxidative phosphorylation.

Extra: Cyanide binds to the ferric (Fe3+) iron in cytochrome a3, preventing the final transfer of electrons to oxygen. Treatment: Nitrites (to create methemoglobin), Thiosulfate, or Hydroxocobalamin.