Endocrinology — Flashcards

Flashcard 151: Cardiomegaly and asymptomatic pericardial _____ are seen in congenital hypothyroidism

Answer: effusion

Flashcard 152: Thyroid acropachy is seen with _____thyroidism

Answer: Both Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism (specifically in Graves' disease)

Extra: Thyroid acropachy is a rare extrathyroidal manifestation of **Graves' disease** (<1%). It is characterized by subperiosteal bone formation, clubbing, and soft tissue swelling. While Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, acropachy is an autoimmune manifestation (similar to ophthalmopathy and dermopathy) rather than a metabolic one. Therefore, it can be seen regardless of the patient's current metabolic state (hyperthyroid, euthyroid, or hypothyroid post-treatment).

Flashcard 153: _____ HPT is hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia occuring after 6 month period of documented normocalcemia

Answer: Recurrent

Flashcard 154: What is the first step in a patient presenting with recurrent or persistent HPT post parathyroidectomy?_____

Answer: Localisation studies

Flashcard 155: _____ hyperparathyroidism is hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia occuring after 6 months of documented normocalcemia.

Answer: Recurrent

Flashcard 156: Diabetes mellitus type _____ is associated with Grave's disease.

Answer: 1

Flashcard 157: In **Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)**, the cut-off values for a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are _____ for fasting, 1 hour, and 2 hours post-load respectively.

Answer: 92, 180, and 153 mg/dL

Flashcard 158: Which form of monogenic diabetes is characterized by extreme sensitivity to sulfonylureas?

Answer: MODY 3 (HNF1A mutation)

Flashcard 159: In DEXA scan deviation of _____ is osteopenia

Answer: -1 to -2.5

Flashcard 160: Bone Mineral Density of _____ SD below peak bone mass is an indication for parathyroidectomy in patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism

Answer: 2.5 (T-score ≤ -2.5)