Calcium and Bone Metabolism — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: One clinical feature of Cushing syndrome is _____, which is a result of decreased osteoblast activity

Answer: osteoporosis

Flashcard 2: What is the most common cause of asymptomatic hypercalcemia?_____

Answer: primary hyperparathyroidism

Flashcard 3: SIADH is characterized by _____ osmolality > serum osmolality

Answer: urine

Flashcard 4: 24-hour urinary calcium is _____ in Primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer: increased

Flashcard 5: The _____ sign is twitching of the facial muscles elicited by tapping on the facial nerve; it is an indicator of hypocalcemia

Answer: Chvostek

Flashcard 6: _____ HPT is hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia occuring after 6 month period of documented normocalcemia

Answer: Recurrent

Flashcard 7: Hypocalcemia can lead to _____ and in severe cases lead to seizures

Answer: tetany

Flashcard 8: What are the clinical findings of bone in tertiary hyperparathyroidism?_____

Answer: Von Recklinghausen disease of bone or Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica

Flashcard 9: Secondary sexual characteristics are normal in _____ and Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS).

Answer: Müllerian agenesis (MRKH)

Flashcard 10: Summary of laboratory findings in parathyroid diseases (PTH, Calcium, Phosphate)

Answer: See table for Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism, and Pseudohypoparathyroidism.

Extra: • **Primary Hyperparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↑ Ca²⁺, ↓ PO₄³⁻ • **Secondary Hyperparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ • **Hypoparathyroidism**: ↓ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ • **Pseudohypoparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ (End-organ resistance)