Diabetes Mellitus — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ is a pancreatic islet cell tumor with a classic presentation of the 4 D s : diabetes, dermatitis, _____, and depression

Answer: Glucagonoma; deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Flashcard 2: Most reliable test for an insulinoma is a _____-hr fasting test

Answer: 72

Flashcard 3: _____ phenomenon occurs due to excess night-time dose of insulin

Answer: Somogyi

Flashcard 4: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is due to _____ of pancreatic beta cells; associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies

Answer: autoimmune (T-cell mediated) destruction

Flashcard 5: _____ is peculiar rosy reddening of the face, and sometimes of the hands and feet, in longstanding diabetes

Answer: Rubeosis

Flashcard 6: Secondary sexual characteristics are normal in _____ and Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS).

Answer: Müllerian agenesis (MRKH)

Flashcard 7: Summary of laboratory findings in parathyroid diseases (PTH, Calcium, Phosphate)

Answer: See table for Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism, and Pseudohypoparathyroidism.

Extra: • **Primary Hyperparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↑ Ca²⁺, ↓ PO₄³⁻ • **Secondary Hyperparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ • **Hypoparathyroidism**: ↓ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ • **Pseudohypoparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ (End-organ resistance)

Flashcard 8: 1. Identify → _____ 2. Use → _____

Answer: Insulin Syringe

Extra: y

Flashcard 9: Features of MEN 4 include (similar to MEN 1): Parathyroid adenoma, Pituitary adenoma, _____ tumors and Adrenal + renal tumors

Answer: Reproductive organ

Flashcard 10: _____ diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia with an inability to concentrate urine due to lack of ADH

Answer: Central