Endocrine Emergencies — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What is the line of management after restoration of normal hydration in a patient of hypercalcemic crisis?_____

Answer: Calcitonin or bisphosphonates

Flashcard 2: IV _____ insulin is useful in management of diabetic ketoacidosis (T1DM complication)

Answer: regular

Flashcard 3: Adrenal insufficiency may present with _____ and/or salt cravings due to decreased levels of glucocorticoids +/- mineralocorticoids

Answer: sugar

Flashcard 4: An adrenal mass should never be biopsied until the _____ has been biochemically excluded

Answer: pheochromocytoma

Flashcard 5: _____ is a test that can be used to measure the status of the patient with DKA.

Answer: Serum anion gap

Flashcard 6: What is the next step in management of a patient with elevated urinary metanephrines?_____

Answer: MRI to localise the pheochromocytoma

Flashcard 7: Dawn effect differs from Somogyi effect in that, the prior is not preceeded by an episode of _____glycemia

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 8: What is the first investigation to be done in a patient with a clinically apparent thyroid swelling?_____

Answer: TFT

Flashcard 9: Secondary sexual characteristics are normal in _____ and Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS).

Answer: Müllerian agenesis (MRKH)

Flashcard 10: Summary of laboratory findings in parathyroid diseases (PTH, Calcium, Phosphate)

Answer: See table for Primary/Secondary/Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism, and Pseudohypoparathyroidism.

Extra: • **Primary Hyperparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↑ Ca²⁺, ↓ PO₄³⁻ • **Secondary Hyperparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ • **Hypoparathyroidism**: ↓ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ • **Pseudohypoparathyroidism**: ↑ PTH, ↓ Ca²⁺, ↑ PO₄³⁻ (End-organ resistance)