Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 2671: What GAS virulence factor can be given to patients with clots? _____

Answer: Streptokinase: converts plasminogen to plasmin, which is fibrinolytic

Flashcard 2672: Adenosine _____ conduction velocity through the AV node

Answer: decreases

Flashcard 2673: What drug may be used to treat diabetic or post-surgical gastroparesis by increasing resting tone, contractility, and LES tone?_____

Answer: Metoclopramide (D2 receptor antagonist)

Flashcard 2674: Which chemotherapeutic drug is widely used for the prophylaxis of organ/graft rejection?

Answer: Azathioprine (6-MP)

Flashcard 2675: Which calcineurin inhibitor is associated with an even greater risk for diabetes vs the other calcineurin inhibitors?_____

Answer: Tacrolimus

Flashcard 2676: Is mannitol associated with hypernatremia or hyponatremia as a possible adverse effect? _____

Answer: Both

Extra: Mannitol can cause both: 1. **Hyponatremia**: Initially, mannitol expands the extracellular fluid volume by pulling water out of cells, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia. 2. **Hypernatremia**: Subsequently, it leads to osmotic diuresis. Since water is lost in excess of sodium (free water clearance), this can lead to dehydration and hypernatremia.

Flashcard 2677: VEGF RTK inhibitors can cause hyper_____

Answer: tension

Extra: VEGF RTK inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib, sorafenib) and VEGF antibodies (e.g., bevacizumab) commonly cause **hypertension** by decreasing nitric oxide production in the vascular endothelium. Note: While RTK inhibitors specifically can also cause a **hand-foot skin reaction** (characterized by hyperkeratosis), hypertension is the hallmark cardiovascular side effect and aligns with the topic categorization.

Flashcard 2678: Digoxin is useful in the treatment of _____ fibrillation (and flutter)

Answer: atrial

Flashcard 2679: Carbamazepine exerts its effects by blocking _____ channels

Answer: Na+

Flashcard 2680: Which anti-epileptic is most associated with DRESS syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms)? _____

Answer: Phenytoin