Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 2471: On an FA/FI (alveolar to inspired concentration) curve, does an inhaled anesthetic with **high blood solubility** show a fast or slow rate of rise?

Answer: High (e.g., halothane)

Extra: High blood solubility means the blood acts as a large reservoir, "soaking up" the anesthetic and delaying the rise in alveolar partial pressure (FA). Therefore, higher solubility results in a slower rate of rise in the FA/FI ratio and slower induction.

Flashcard 2472: Etanercept works by complexing with TNF-a and inducing _____ of the complex

Answer: phagocytosis

Flashcard 2473: What adverse effect is characteristically associated with **streptokinase** (due to its bacterial origin)?

Answer: Hypersensitivity / allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis)

Extra: Streptokinase is a protein produced by beta-hemolytic streptococci. Because it is a foreign bacterial protein, it is antigenic and can induce antibody production. This leads to two main issues: 1. **Hypersensitivity reactions:** Range from simple rashes/fever to life-threatening anaphylaxis. 2. **Neutralization:** Pre-existing antibodies (from prior streptococcal infections or previous streptokinase use) can neutralize the drug, making it less effective. Recombinant human tPA (e.g., alteplase) does not carry this risk of antigenicity.

Flashcard 2474: Which class of diabetic drugs is associated with increased risk of heart failure as a possible side effect?_____

Answer: Thiazolidinediones

Flashcard 2475: What effect does dobutamine have on HR and contractility? _____

Answer: Increased HR and contractility (β₁ agonist)

Flashcard 2476: What drug class do cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam belong to?

Answer: Bile acid resins

Flashcard 2477: What drugs (2) may be used to treat Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?_____

Answer: Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Flashcard 2478: Gut mucosa expresses EGFR, resulting in Erlotinib causing _____ as a side effect

Answer: Diarrhea

Flashcard 2479: What effect does a partial agonist have on efficacy?_____

Answer: Decrease (curve shifts down)

Flashcard 2480: Patients with essential tremor often self-medicate with _____, which decreases tremor amplitude

Answer: alcohol