Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 2091: In infected (acidic) tissue, _____ local anesthetics are required to achieve the desired effect

Answer: more

Flashcard 2092: Which opioid receptor does dynorphin bind to? _____

Answer: Kappa (κ) opioid receptor

Flashcard 2093: Which nerve fibers (size, myelination) are affected first by local anesthetics (in theory)? _____

Answer: Small, myelinated fibers

Extra: In theory, sensitivity to local anesthetic block is determined by: 1. **Diameter**: Smaller fibers are blocked more easily than larger fibers. 2. **Myelination**: Myelinated fibers are blocked more easily than unmyelinated fibers of the same diameter. Therefore, **small, myelinated** fibers (e.g., Type B preganglionic autonomic fibers) are typically the first to be blocked. **Clinical order of loss:** Autonomic (B) > Pain (Aδ) > Temperature (Aδ) > Touch (Aβ) > Pressure (Aα) > Motor (Aα). *Note: While C fibers are small and unmyelinated, they are generally blocked after the small myelinated B and Aδ fibers.*

Flashcard 2094: Local anesthetics are often used for minor surgical procedures and _____ anesthesia

Answer: spinal

Flashcard 2095: Ursodiol works to dissolve gallstones by increasing the threshold of cholesterol concentration needed to _____ bile.

Answer: saturate

Flashcard 2096: What toxin is found in reef fish (e.g. Barracuda, snapper, and moray eel)?_____

Answer: Ciguatoxin

Flashcard 2097: Beta-blockers _____ cardiac contractility

Answer: decrease

Flashcard 2098: A patient receiving bevacizumab that develops abdominal pain may have a _____

Answer: GI perforation

Flashcard 2099: What mood stabilizer is a common cause of drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Answer: Lithium

Flashcard 2100: Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody against the platelet _____ cell surface receptor

Answer: GpIIb/IIIa