Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 1601: Which clotting factors are inactivated by unfractionated heparin? _____

Answer: Thrombin (IIa) and factor Xa

Flashcard 1602: Do mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (e.g. spironolactone, eplerenone) prolong life in heart failure?_____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 1603: Is protamine sulfate effective at reversing the effects of LMWH and fondaparinux? _____

Answer: LMWH: Partially reversed; Fondaparinux: Not reversed

Extra: Protamine sulfate is the specific antagonist for Unfractionated Heparin (UFH). It only partially reverses LMWH (approximately 60-75%) and has no effect on Fondaparinux.

Flashcard 1604: What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?_____

Answer: Epoxide reductase inhibitor

Flashcard 1605: Why is there a relative protein C and S deficiency in the initial stages of warfarin therapy?

Answer: Protein C and S have shorter half-lives than factors II, IX, and X

Flashcard 1606: Valproic acid _____ levels of GABA in the CNS via inhibition of GABA transaminase

Answer: increases

Flashcard 1607: Initially, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) can be treated with steroids. If it becomes refractory, the patient can be given _____mab. **Bonus:** What drug used in ITP inhibits splenic macrophages?

Answer: Rituximab **Bonus:** IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin)

Extra: Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody against CD20 found on B-cells. IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin) works in ITP by blocking the Fc receptors on splenic macrophages, preventing them from phagocytosing and destroying antibody-coated platelets.

Flashcard 1608: _____-acting benzodiazepines are typically metabolized by the liver into active metabolites.

Answer: Long

Flashcard 1609: Phenytoin exerts its effects by blocking _____ channels

Answer: Na+

Flashcard 1610: The effect of aspirin on coagulation studies is _____.

Answer: increased bleeding time, no change in PT and PTT