Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 1541: Which selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) is preferred for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis? _____

Answer: Raloxifene

Extra: Raloxifene is an estrogen agonist in bone (prevents resorption) but an antagonist in breast and endometrial tissue. Unlike tamoxifen, it does not increase the risk of endometrial cancer.

Flashcard 1542: Dihydropyridine CCBs may be used to treat _____, which is an exaggerated vascular response to cold temperature or emotional stress

Answer: Raynaud's phenomenon

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/other-connective-tissue/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1543: NSAIDs should not be used for treatment of gout in patients taking _____ (e.g. aspirin, apixaban) or who have renal insufficiency

Answer: anticoagulants or antiplatelets

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 1544: 34 y/o industry worker experiences rapid-onset shortness of breath, dizziness, palpitations & flushed skin after accidental exposure to chemical fumes. - Examination: tachypneic, reddish discoloration of the skin without cyanosis. - Patient is immediately instructed to inhale amyl nitrite from the safety kit. - The success of this antidote is dependent upon its ability to convert hemoglobin into a form with increased affinity for which substance?

Answer: Cyanide Mechanism: Nitrites oxidize Fe2+ (hemoglobin) to Fe3+ (methemoglobin), which has a high affinity for Cyanide. Note: Methemoglobin binds tightly to cyanide but cannot carry oxygen; it causes dusky skin discoloration (unlike the cherry-red skin of cyanide poisoning).

Flashcard 1545: Match the signaling components with their associated hormones or drugs: - cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) - Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) - Phosphodiesterase (PDE) - Protein kinase A (PKA) - Tyrosine-specific receptor kinase (RTK)

Answer: 1. PKG: NO, Nitrates, Sildenafil (via cGMP). 2. JAK: GH, Cytokines (PIGGLET). 3. PDE: Degrades cAMP/cGMP. Inhibited by Sildenafil, Theophylline. 4. PKA: FLAT ChAMP (FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH-V2, MSH, PTH) and Glucagon. 5. RTK: Insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF.

Flashcard 1546: Cyclobenzaprine is used to treat _____

Answer: muscle spasms

Flashcard 1547: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may be administered clinically as a _____

Answer: thrombolytic

Flashcard 1548: Mycophenolate mofetil is used prophylactically to reduce _____

Answer: transplant rejection

Flashcard 1549: What coagulation factors (2) are the principal targets of antithrombin? _____

Answer: IIa (thrombin) and Xa

Flashcard 1550: Direct Xa inhibitors can be reversed with administration of _____.

Answer: andexanet alfa