Antimicrobials — Flashcards

Flashcard 581: Which phase of the cell cycle does azathioprine act at?_____

Answer: S phase

Flashcard 582: Mycophenolate mofetil can result in _____-suppression (-cytopenias)

Answer: myelo

Flashcard 583: What enzyme is inhibited by Methotrexate?_____

Answer: Dihydrofolate reductase (eukaryotic)

Flashcard 584: What is the mechanism of action by which lactulose treats hepatic encephalopathy? _____

Answer: Lactulose is metabolized into acidic metabolites, which convert NH3 to NH4+ (trapped in intestinal lumen and excreted)

Flashcard 585: Treatment of acne vulgaris may include _____ and antibiotics, which are anti-microbrial

Answer: benzoyl peroxide

Flashcard 586: One adverse effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is increased risk for _____ infection (2-3x increased risk)

Answer: Clostridium difficile

Flashcard 587: Which form of immune hemolytic anemia (IgG or IgM) may be caused by drugs? _____

Answer: IgG

Flashcard 588: What is the formula for calculating drug clearance (CL)?

Answer: CL = Rate of elimination / Plasma drug concentration

Extra: CL = Vd × Ke = (0.693 × Vd) / t1/2

Flashcard 589: Which types of vaccine induce a relatively weak immune response? _____

Answer: Inactivated/killed vaccines and Subunit vaccine (2)

Flashcard 590: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on blood lymphocyte levels? _____

Answer: Decreased (especially T-helper cells)