Antimicrobials — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: Which calcineurin inhibitor is associated with an even greater risk for diabetes vs the other calcineurin inhibitors? _____

Answer: Tacrolimus

Flashcard 112: Nowadays, patients typically can get chronically exposed to Arsenic in a couple of different situations, including: (1) - _____ smoke (2) - Herbicides used in vineyards (3) - metal smelting

Answer: cigarette

Flashcard 113: Rituximab can be used to treat _____ leukemia

Answer: chronic lymphocytic

Flashcard 114: Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors work by targeting downstream signaling pathways involved in growth - the most important being: - _____ leads to increased Bcl-2 expression (anti-apoptosis) - JAK/STAT which would've led to increased cell proliferation - Ras/MAPK which would've led to increased cell growth - Src/FAK which would've led to increased cell motility (invasion) and decreased cell adhesion (migration)

Answer: PI3K/Akt

Extra: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) inhibit signal transduction pathways that are constitutively active in various cancers. - PI3K/Akt/mTOR: Survival (anti-apoptosis) - JAK/STAT: Proliferation - Ras/MAPK: Growth/Proliferation - Src/FAK: Motility and Adhesion (Metastasis)

Flashcard 115: Which aminoglycoside is a GI intraluminal agent active against parasites? _____

Answer: Paromomycin

Flashcard 116: Upon bioactivation, 5FU (now 5-FdUMP) covalently complexes with _____ and folic acid, reducing DNA synthesis

Answer: thymidylate synthase

Flashcard 117: Which calcineurin inhibitor binds to FK506 binding protein (FKBP)? _____

Answer: Tacrolimus (FK506)

Flashcard 118: Which phase of the cell cycle does methotrexate act at? _____

Answer: S phase

Flashcard 119: Prior to a bone marrow transplant, Busulfan can be used as a(n) _____ agent

Answer: conditioning

Flashcard 120: Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, and Tazobactam are what class of antimicrobial? _____

Answer: β-Lactamase Inhibitors

Extra: Beta-lactamase inhibitors (Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam) are "suicide" inhibitors that bind to and inactivate β-lactamases, protecting the companion penicillin from degradation.