Neoplasia — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: Tumor suppressors p53 and Rb normally inhibit progression between which cell cycle stages?

Answer: G1 to S

Flashcard 42: What is the precursor lesion of a vaginal squamous cell carcinoma? _____

Answer: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN)

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Flashcard 43: Do meningiomas typically invade the cortex? _____

Answer: No (external to brain parenchyma)

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Flashcard 44: Which bone tumor is characterized by small, round blue cells that resemble lymphocytes? _____

Answer: Ewing sarcoma

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Flashcard 45: What type of ovarian neoplasm is often described as a yellow, friable (hemorrhagic) solid mass? _____

Answer: Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor

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Flashcard 46: The _____ carcinoma subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma is characterized by tubules in a desmoplastic stroma.

Answer: tubular

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Flashcard 47: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma may metastasize to the _____ node or the _____ area

Answer: left supraclavicular lymph

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Flashcard 48: Thyroid _____ carcinoma is an undifferentiated malignant tumor of thyroid

Answer: anaplastic

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Flashcard 49: Turcot syndrome is a combination of _____ with malignant CNS tumors (e.g. medulloblastoma, glioma)

Answer: familial adenomatous polyposis

Extra:   Watch Colorectal Polyps & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-colorectal-polyps-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/colorectal-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/colon-cancer/acquire?ref=anki  Medulloblastoma T2-weighted cranial MRI (axial view) of a 7-year-old boy: isodense round lesion with hyperintense sections in the fourth ventricle (green overlay); grossly diminished gyration of the cerebellum (C). (P = poorly demarcated pons region; B = basilar artery, CS = external CSF space) Medulloblastoma T1-weighed cranial MRI of a 6-year-old child presenting with features of increased intracranial pressure (midsagittal section with contrast) There is a large hypointense mass occupying the third (upper yellow overlay) and fourth (lower yellow overlay) ventricles that is causing obstructive hydrocephalus (pink overlay). The pink overlay also highlights the leakage of CSF into the periventricular space (transependymal edema) and into the occipital lobe due to the increased intraventricular pressure. This appearance of a fourth ventricular mass in a child is characteristic of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Cranial MRI (T1-weighted, with contrast) There is a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. It features solid parts (green overlay) and cystic parts (red overlay). Location and appearance are typical of a medulloblastoma. (D: diencephalon; P: pons; C: cerebellum; yellow outline: cerebellar tentorium) Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Densely packed, small, blue anaplastic cells are present throughout the specimen. The cells have pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei. On the right, a vessel (its lumen mostly obstructed by eosinophilic material) can be seen. These are typical histopathological findings of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Numerous small, blue, round cells with scant cytoplasm can be seen throughout the specimen (classic examples: arrows, green overlay). Their nuclei vary in size and structure (nuclear pleomorphism) and many cells feature distinctly hyperchromatic nuclei. The majority of the cells are arranged in concentric clusters around lighter central areas consisting of neuropil (examples: dashed outlines and yellow overlay, magnified area). These clusters are referred to as Homer Wright rosettes. These histopathological features, particularly the Homer Wright rosettes, are characteristic of a medulloblastoma. Atlas: 

Flashcard 50: _____ is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

Answer: Melanoma

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