Tumor immunology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Tumor cells upregulate _____ to evade anti-tumor T-cells

Answer: PD-L1

Flashcard 2: One hallmark of cancer is the ability to be insensitive to anti-growth signals, such as _____

Answer: TGF-Beta

Flashcard 3: What is the most common cancer that develops as a result of immunosuppressive therapy? _____

Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma of skin

Flashcard 4: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a neoplastic proliferation of mature _____ cells

Answer: CD4+ T (specific)

Flashcard 5: Interferons stimulate antitumor activity by activating _____ Cells

Answer: Natural Killer

Flashcard 6: Which oncogenic microbe is associated with the following cancers?:_____Adult T-cell Leukemia / Lymphoma

Answer: HTLV-1

Flashcard 7: Ovarian tumor associated with a pulling sensation in the groin and histology showing bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts?

Answer: Ovarian Fibroma

Extra: • Clinical: Pulling sensation in groin. • Histology: Bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts. • Association: Meigs syndrome (Ovarian fibroma, Ascites, Hydrothorax).

Flashcard 8: What is the characteristic histological finding and cell type in a Brenner tumor?

Answer: "Coffee bean" nuclei; contains Walthard cell rests (transitional epithelium)

Extra: Brenner tumor: - Mostly benign ovarian surface epithelial tumor. - Histology: Characterized by "coffee bean" nuclei (longitudinal nuclear grooves) and nests of transitional epithelium (resembling bladder mucosa) called Walthard cell rests. - Gross: Solid, tan-white/yellow, well-encapsulated.

Flashcard 9: Is mucinous cystadenocarcinoma benign or malignant?

Answer: Malignant

Extra: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart of mucinous cystadenoma. It is a common primary surface epithelial tumor of the ovary, characterized by multiloculated cysts lined by atypically proliferated mucinous epithelium showing stromal invasion.

Flashcard 10: Morphological features of Mucinous Cystadenoma?

Answer: Multilocular cyst lined by mucus-secreting epithelium (Benign)

Extra: Mucinous cystadenomas are most commonly found in the ovary or pancreas. Characterized by large, multiloculated cysts filled with gelatinous fluid. Unlike serous cystadenomas, these are less likely to be bilateral in the ovary.