Apoptosis and cancer — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What is the mechanism that results in malignancy from the PDGFB oncogene?_____

Answer: Overexpression

Flashcard 2: What is the mechanism that results in malignancy from the KIT oncogene?_____

Answer: point mutation

Flashcard 3: Overexpression of Bcl2 in the follicle of a lymph node results in a lack of apoptosis of _____ during somatic hypermutation

Answer: B-cells

Flashcard 4: What type of oncogene is BCL-2?_____

Answer: anti-apoptotic molecule

Flashcard 5: If DNA repair is not possible, p53 induces _____

Answer: apoptosis

Flashcard 6: What is the mechanism that results in malignancy from the RET oncogene?_____

Answer: point mutation

Flashcard 7: Ovarian tumor associated with a pulling sensation in the groin and histology showing bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts?

Answer: Ovarian Fibroma

Extra: • Clinical: Pulling sensation in groin. • Histology: Bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts. • Association: Meigs syndrome (Ovarian fibroma, Ascites, Hydrothorax).

Flashcard 8: What is the characteristic histological finding and cell type in a Brenner tumor?

Answer: "Coffee bean" nuclei; contains Walthard cell rests (transitional epithelium)

Extra: Brenner tumor: - Mostly benign ovarian surface epithelial tumor. - Histology: Characterized by "coffee bean" nuclei (longitudinal nuclear grooves) and nests of transitional epithelium (resembling bladder mucosa) called Walthard cell rests. - Gross: Solid, tan-white/yellow, well-encapsulated.

Flashcard 9: Is mucinous cystadenocarcinoma benign or malignant?

Answer: Malignant

Extra: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart of mucinous cystadenoma. It is a common primary surface epithelial tumor of the ovary, characterized by multiloculated cysts lined by atypically proliferated mucinous epithelium showing stromal invasion.

Flashcard 10: Morphological features of Mucinous Cystadenoma?

Answer: Multilocular cyst lined by mucus-secreting epithelium (Benign)

Extra: Mucinous cystadenomas are most commonly found in the ovary or pancreas. Characterized by large, multiloculated cysts filled with gelatinous fluid. Unlike serous cystadenomas, these are less likely to be bilateral in the ovary.