Apoptosis and cancer — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: In Follicular lymphoma, there is a failure of apoptosis of faulty B cells during _____

Answer: somatic hypermutation

Flashcard 2: What is the mechanism that results in malignancy from the PDGFB oncogene?_____

Answer: Overexpression

Flashcard 3: What is the mechanism that results in malignancy from the KIT oncogene?_____

Answer: point mutation

Flashcard 4: Overexpression of Bcl2 in the follicle of a lymph node results in a lack of apoptosis of _____ during somatic hypermutation

Answer: B-cells

Flashcard 5: What type of oncogene is BCL-2?_____

Answer: anti-apoptotic molecule

Flashcard 6: If DNA repair is not possible, p53 induces _____

Answer: apoptosis

Flashcard 7: What is the mechanism that results in malignancy from the RET oncogene?_____

Answer: point mutation

Flashcard 8: Ovarian tumor associated with a pulling sensation in the groin and histology showing bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts?

Answer: Ovarian Fibroma

Extra: • Clinical: Pulling sensation in groin. • Histology: Bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts. • Association: Meigs syndrome (Ovarian fibroma, Ascites, Hydrothorax).

Flashcard 9: What is the characteristic histological finding and cell type in a Brenner tumor?

Answer: "Coffee bean" nuclei; contains Walthard cell rests (transitional epithelium)

Extra: Brenner tumor: - Mostly benign ovarian surface epithelial tumor. - Histology: Characterized by "coffee bean" nuclei (longitudinal nuclear grooves) and nests of transitional epithelium (resembling bladder mucosa) called Walthard cell rests. - Gross: Solid, tan-white/yellow, well-encapsulated.

Flashcard 10: Is mucinous cystadenocarcinoma benign or malignant?

Answer: Malignant

Extra: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart of mucinous cystadenoma. It is a common primary surface epithelial tumor of the ovary, characterized by multiloculated cysts lined by atypically proliferated mucinous epithelium showing stromal invasion.