Endocrinology — Flashcards

Flashcard 171: The most common type of endocrine tumors in Carney complex is the _____

Answer: primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease

Flashcard 172: _____ phenomenon occurs due to excess night-time dose of insulin

Answer: Somogyi

Flashcard 173: What is the plasma glucose level that defines hypoglycemia in a symptomatic (non-diabetic) patient?

Answer: < 55 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L)

Extra: This is the biochemical component of **Whipple's Triad**: 1. Symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia (e.g., sweating, palpitations, confusion). 2. **Low plasma glucose** (typically < 55 mg/dL). 3. Relief of symptoms after plasma glucose is raised.

Flashcard 174: What type of endemic cretinism is associated with coarse facial features?_____

Answer: Myxedematous

Flashcard 175: What is the treatment of choice for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (Primary Aldosteronism)?

Answer: Spironolactone and supplemental antihypertensives

Flashcard 176: What is the next step in management when a whole-body iodine [I123] scan is positive after a total thyroidectomy for any differentiated thyroid cancer (papillary or follicular carcinoma)?_____

Answer: Radio-iodine ablation [I131]

Flashcard 177: The most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism is _____

Answer: Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (idiopathic hyperaldosteronism)

Flashcard 178: Are levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) increased or decreased in obesity?

Answer: Increased

Extra: PAI-1 is an adipokine produced by adipose tissue. Its levels are elevated in obesity, leading to impaired fibrinolysis and a prothrombotic state.

Flashcard 179: What is the most common site of gastrinoma in individuals with MEN1 syndrome?_____

Answer: Duodenum

Flashcard 180: Will subacute thyroiditis show high or low RAIU?_____

Answer: Low