Endocrinology — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: One clinical feature of Cushing syndrome is _____, which is a result of decreased osteoblast activity

Answer: osteoporosis

Flashcard 92: _____ adrenal insufficiency presents with low cortisol and high ACTH

Answer: Primary

Flashcard 93: Growth hormone cell adenoma may be diagnosed by elevated serum levels of _____ and/or IGF-1

Answer: growth hormone

Flashcard 94: _____ is characterised by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to resistance of PTH ONLY at the level of proximal convoluted tubule

Answer: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b

Flashcard 95: Addison disease may present with decreased _____ and libido in females due to decreased levels of androgens

Answer: pubic/axillary hair

Flashcard 96: One possible cause of hypopituitarism is a _____, which is a sudden hemorrhage of the pituitary gland, often in the presence of an existing adenoma

Answer: pituitary apoplexy

Flashcard 97: Classical form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be either _____ or simple-virilizing type

Answer: salt-wasting

Flashcard 98: What is the level of ACTH in secondary adrenocortical insufficiency?

Answer: Decreased

Extra: Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency is caused by pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction (e.g., chronic glucocorticoid therapy, pituitary tumors), leading to deficient ACTH production. This contrasts with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease), where ACTH levels are elevated due to lack of negative feedback.

Flashcard 99: _____ is a hormone that may be used to treat Prader-Willi syndrome, a genetic disorder associated with growth failure, obesity, and carbohydrate intolerance

Answer: Growth hormone

Extra: Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a loss of function of specific genes on the paternal chromosome 15 (most commonly via 15q11-q13 deletion or maternal uniparental disomy).

Flashcard 100: The major symptoms of prolactin excess are _____ and infertility

Answer: galactorrhea