CNS drugs (antiepileptics, anesthetics) US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master CNS drugs (antiepileptics, anesthetics) with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
CNS drugs (antiepileptics, anesthetics) Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 31: What is the clinical use and mechanism of action of Naltrexone?
Answer: Opioid receptor antagonist used in the management of opioid and alcohol dependence.
Extra: Naltrexone is a long-acting opioid antagonist (unlike naloxone, which is short-acting). It is used for relapse prevention in opioid use disorder and to reduce cravings in alcohol use disorder. It should only be started after the patient is opioid-free for 7-10 days to avoid precipitating acute withdrawal.
Flashcard 32: Mechanism and use of Naloxone?
Answer: Opioid receptor antagonist (Reversal of acute opioid toxicity)
Extra: Naloxone is a competitive opioid receptor antagonist used for the rapid reversal of opioid overdose. It has a short half-life and may require repeated dosing.
Flashcard 33: What is the drug class and clinical use of Loperamide?
Answer: Opioid agonist (µ-receptor) used as an antidiarrheal
Extra: Mechanism: Slows gut motility. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier significantly, so it lacks analgesic or addictive properties at standard doses.
Flashcard 34: diphenoxylate
Answer: opioid
Extra: diarrhea
Flashcard 35: dextromethorphan
Answer: opioid
Extra: cough suppression
Flashcard 36: meperidine
Answer: opioid
Extra: pain
Flashcard 37: Mechanism and primary clinical use of Methadone in substance use disorders?
Answer: Long-acting μ-opioid receptor agonist used for heroin/opioid maintenance therapy.
Extra: Used for detoxification and maintenance of opioid use disorder. Its long half-life allows for once-daily dosing and suppression of withdrawal symptoms with minimal euphoria.
Flashcard 38: What is the chemical name of Heroin and its key pharmacokinetic property?
Answer: Diacetylmorphine; high lipid solubility (crosses BBB faster than morphine).
Extra: Heroin is a prodrug that is metabolized to 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and morphine. Its rapid entry into the brain accounts for the intense 'rush'.
Flashcard 39: Mechanism and primary use of Codeine?
Answer: Opioid analgesic; Antitussive
Extra: Codeine is a prodrug converted to Morphine by CYP2D6. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2D6 can lead to ultra-fast metabolism (toxicity risk) or poor metabolism (lack of efficacy).
Flashcard 40: fentanyl
Answer: opioid
Extra: pain
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