Local anesthetics — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What type of local anesthetic are procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine? _____

Answer: Esters

Flashcard 2: What type of nerve fiber, myelinated or unmyelinated, is affected first by local anesthetics? _____

Answer: Myelinated fibers

Flashcard 3: Local anesthetics are often given with _____ to enhance local action

Answer: vasoconstrictors

Flashcard 4: What should be given to a patient who is allergic to ester local anesthetics (e.g. procaine)?_____

Answer: Amide anesthetics (e.g. lidocaine)

Flashcard 5: Are local anesthetics typically acidic or alkaline? _____

Answer: Alkaline (tertiary amines)

Flashcard 6: What vasoconstrictor is often given with local anesthetics?_____

Answer: Epinephrine

Flashcard 7: Teratogenic effects of Carbamazepine

Answer: Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

Flashcard 8: What is the characteristic teratogenic effect associated with Phenytoin use during pregnancy?

Answer: Fetal hydantoin syndrome

Extra: Fetal hydantoin syndrome is characterized by: - Orofacial clefts (cleft lip/palate) - Microcephaly and mental retardation - Nail and digital hypoplasia - Cardiac defects

Flashcard 9: valproate

Answer: neural tube defects (inhibition of maternal folate absorption)

Flashcard 10: Mechanism and use of Levodopa?

Answer: Dopamine precursor used in Parkinson's disease

Extra: Mechanism: Crosses blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase. Clinical Use: Parkinson's disease. Side effects: GI distress, nausea, arrhythmias, dyskinesia (on-dose), akinesia (wearing-off/between dose).