CNS drugs (antiepileptics, anesthetics) US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master CNS drugs (antiepileptics, anesthetics) with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
CNS drugs (antiepileptics, anesthetics) Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 11: ropinirole
Answer: non-ergot dopamine agonist
Extra: Parkinson's disease dopamine agonist
Flashcard 12: pramipexole
Answer: non-ergot dopamine agonist
Extra: Parkinson's disease dopamine agonist
Flashcard 13: What is the drug class and mechanism of action of Butorphanol?
Answer: Opioid (Partial agonist at Mu, Agonist at Kappa)
Extra: - Mechanism: Partial agonist at μ (mu) and agonist at κ (kappa) opioid receptors.
- Clinical Use: Severe pain (migraine, labor).
- Note: Causes less respiratory depression than full agonists, but is not easily reversed by naloxone. Can precipitate withdrawal if given to patients on full opioid agonists.
Flashcard 14: tramadol
Answer: opioid
Extra: chronic pain weak opioid agonist; serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor similar to stronger opioids; decreases seizure threshold
Flashcard 15: phenytoin
Answer: anti-epileptic, class IB antiarrhythymic
Extra: simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizures; prophylaxis for status epilepticus, arrhythmias inhibit: Na+ channels, presynaptic glutamate release P-450 inducer nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyerplasia, hirsutism, anemia, teratogen, SLE-like syndrome, lymphadenopathy, osteopenia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Flashcard 16: Mechanism and clinical uses of Carbamazepine?
Answer: Blocks Voltage-gated Na+ channels (prolongs inactivation). Indications: Focal seizures, Generalized Tonic-Clonic seizures, and Trigeminal Neuralgia.
Extra: DOC for Trigeminal Neuralgia.
Pharmacokinetics: Cytochrome P-450 inducer (auto-induction).
Side Effects: Diplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias (agranulocytosis/aplastic anemia), hepatotoxicity, teratogen (neural tube defects), SIADH, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (especially in HLA-B*1502).
Flashcard 17: Mechanism of action of Lamotrigine?
Answer: Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels and inhibits glutamate release.
Extra: - Clinical Use: Broad spectrum anti-epileptic (focal seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, absence seizures) and bipolar disorder.
- Side effects: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) - must be titrated slowly to avoid life-threatening rash.
Flashcard 18: What is the mechanism of action and primary clinical use of Gabapentin?
Answer: Mechanism: Blocks α2δ subunit of high-voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
Primary Uses: Post-herpetic neuralgia, Peripheral neuropathy, Focal seizures.
Extra: Other uses: Migraine prophylaxis, Bipolar disorder.
Side effects: Sedation, Ataxia.
Note: Despite being a GABA analog, it does not act directly on GABA receptors.
Flashcard 19: topiramate
Answer: anti-epileptic
Extra: simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizures; migraine prophylaxis blocks Na+ channels, potentiates GABA sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss
Flashcard 20: Classification and mechanism of Phenobarbital?
Answer: Barbiturate
Extra: • Mechanism: Potentiates GABA_A action by increasing the **duration** of Cl- channel opening.
• Clinical use: First-line in neonates for seizures; also used for simple/complex/tonic-clonic seizures.
• Side effects: Sedation, respiratory depression, cardiovascular depression, CNS depression, tolerance, dependence.
• Contraindications: Porphyria.
• Metabolism: Potent Cytochrome P-450 inducer.
Mnemonic: Barbi-**dur**-ates increase **dur**-ation.
Keywords: CNS drugs (antiepileptics, anesthetics) flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
