CNS drugs (antiepileptics, anesthetics) — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: carbamazepine

Answer: neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

Flashcard 2: phenytoin

Answer: fetal hydantoin syndrome

Flashcard 3: valproate

Answer: neural tube defects (inhibition of maternal folate absorption)

Flashcard 4: levodopa

Answer:

Extra: Parkinson's diseasedopamine precursor, crosses blood-brain barrier, converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylaseGI distress, nausea, arrhythmias, dyskinesia (on dose), akinesia (between dose)

Flashcard 5: carbidopa

Answer:

Extra: Parkinson's diseasedopa decarboxylase inhibitor, does not cross blood-brain barrier

Flashcard 6: selegiline

Answer:

Extra: Parkinson's diseaseMAO-B inhibitor; prevents dopamine degradationcan enhance aderse effects of levodopa

Flashcard 7: entacapone

Answer:

Extra: Parkinson's diseaseCOMT inhibitor; prevent L-dopa degradation

Flashcard 8: tolcapone

Answer:

Extra: Parkinson's diseaseCOMT inhibitor; prevent L-dopa degradation

Flashcard 9: benztropine

Answer:

Extra: Parkinson's diseaseantimuscarinic

Flashcard 10: memantine

Answer:

Extra: Alzheimer's diseaseNMDA receptor antagonist; prevents glutamate excitotoxicitydizziness, confusion, hallucinations

Flashcard 11: ropinirole

Answer: non-ergot dopamine agonist

Extra: Parkinson's diseasedopamine agonist

Flashcard 12: pramipexole

Answer: non-ergot dopamine agonist

Extra: Parkinson's diseasedopamine agonist

Flashcard 13: butorphanol

Answer: opioid

Extra: severe painpartial agonist at mu-opioid receptor, agonist at kappa-opioid receptorless respiratory depression than full opioid agonist, but not easily reversed with naloxone

Flashcard 14: tramadol

Answer: opioid

Extra: chronic painweak opioid agonist; serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitorsimilar to stronger opioids; decreases seizure threshold

Flashcard 15: phenytoin

Answer: anti-epileptic, class IB antiarrhythymic

Extra: simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizures; prophylaxis for status epilepticus, arrhythmiasinhibit: Na+ channels, presynaptic glutamate releaseP-450 inducernystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyerplasia, hirsutism, anemia, teratogen, SLE-like syndrome, lymphadenopathy, osteopenia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Flashcard 16: carbamazepine

Answer: anti-epileptic

Extra: simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizures; trigeminal neuralgiaprolonged Na+ inactivationP-450 inducerdiplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, liver toxicity, teratogen, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Flashcard 17: lamotrigine

Answer: anti-epileptic

Extra: simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizuresblocks voltage-gated Na+ channelsStevens-Johnson syndrome

Flashcard 18: gabapentin

Answer: anti-epileptic/GABA analog

Extra: simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizures; peripheral neuropathy, herpetic neuralgia, migraine prophylaxis, bipolar disorderinhibits high-voltage-gated Ca2+ channelssedation, ataxia

Flashcard 19: topiramate

Answer: anti-epileptic

Extra: simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizures; migraine prophylaxisblocks Na+ channels, potentiates GABAsedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss

Flashcard 20: phenobarbital

Answer: barbituate

Extra: pediatric simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizures; sedationporphyriapotentiates GABA by longer Cl- channel opening mnemonic: barbidurates --> increased duration of open state P-450 inducerrespiratory depression, CNS depression, sedation, tolerance, dependence

Flashcard 21: valproate

Answer: anti-epileptic

Extra: first line for: tonic-clonic seizures also: simple, complex, absence, myoclonic seizures pregnancy (neural tube defects)prolonged Na+ channel inactivation, increased GABA concentrationGI distress, fatal hepatotoxicity, tremor, weight gain

Flashcard 22: ethosuximide

Answer: anti-epileptic

Extra: first line for: absence seizuresblocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channelsGI distress, fatigue, headache, urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Flashcard 23: diazepam

Answer: benzodiazepine

Extra: first line for: acute status epilepticus also: eclamptic seizures potentiates GABA by increased frequency of Cl- channel opening mnemonic: frenzodiazepines --> frequency of opening sedation, tolerance, dependence

Flashcard 24: lorazepam

Answer: benzodiazepine

Extra: first line for: acute status epilepticus also: eclamptic seizures potentiates GABAsedation, tolerance, dependence

Flashcard 25: tiagibine

Answer: anti-epileptic

Extra: simple, complex seizuresinhibits GABA reuptake

Flashcard 26: vigabatrin

Answer: anti-epileptic

Extra: simple, complex seizuresirreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase --> potentiates GABA

Flashcard 27: thiopental

Answer: barbituate

Extra: induction of anesthesia

Flashcard 28: pentobarbitol

Answer: barbituate

Extra: 

Flashcard 29: levetiracetam

Answer: anti-epileptic

Extra: simple, complex, tonic-clonic seizuresunclear; may modulate GABA and glutamate release

Flashcard 30: secobarbital

Answer: barbituate

Extra: 

Flashcard 31: naltrexone

Answer:

Extra: management of opioid or alcohol dependenceopioid receptor antagonist

Flashcard 32: nalaxone

Answer:

Extra: reversal of acute opioid toxicityopioid receptor antagonist

Flashcard 33: loperamide

Answer: opiod

Extra: diarrhea

Flashcard 34: diphenoxylate

Answer: opioid

Extra: diarrhea

Flashcard 35: dextromethorphan

Answer: opioid

Extra: cough suppression

Flashcard 36: meperidine

Answer: opioid

Extra: pain

Flashcard 37: methadone

Answer: opioid

Extra: opiate addiction maintenance therapy

Flashcard 38: heroin

Answer: opioid

Extra: 

Flashcard 39: codeine

Answer: opioid

Extra: pain

Flashcard 40: fentanyl

Answer: opioid

Extra: pain

Flashcard 41: morphine

Answer: opioid

Extra: painagonist at mu-opioid receptor, decreases synaptic transmissionaddiction, respiratory depression, constipation, miosis

Flashcard 42: norepinephrine (NE)

Answer: locus ceruleus

Flashcard 43: dopamine

Answer: ventral tegmentum, SNc

Flashcard 44: Which dopamine receptor is associated with the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia?

Answer: D2 mnemonic: D1rect

Flashcard 45: fomepizole

Answer:

Extra: methanol or ethylene glycol poisoninginhibits alcohol dehydrogenase