Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 11: What type of β-blocker is labetalol?
_____
Answer: Non-selective α1- and β-antagonist
Extra:
Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers)
Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: What effect does atropine have on the gut motility?
_____
Answer: Decreased motility
Extra:
Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Antimuscarinics)
Watch Muscarinic antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-muscarinic-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: _____ is a 5-HT1A partial agonist while _____ is a 5-HT1A agonist/5-HT3 antagonist
Answer: Vilazodone
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=10]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: What catecholamine may be administered to treat acute, severe asthma exacerbation?
_____
Answer: Epinephrine
Extra:
Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma)
Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: What type of β-blocker is metoprolol?
_____
Answer: Selective β1 antagonist (cardioselective)
Extra:
Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers)
Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: Entacapone is a peripheral _____ inhibitor used to increase the bioavailability of levodopa
Answer: COMT
Extra:
Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych
Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=3]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki
inhibit the COMT communicating officers - compare with carbidopa which prevents conversion of L-dopa into dopamine.
Flashcard 17: During phase I blockade using depolarizing NMJ blockers, TOF stimulation shows _____ of all four twitches
Answer: equal reduction
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Neuromuscular monitoring
Supramaximal stimuli are administered to the ulnar nerve by two electrodes placed on the venteromedial surface of the distal forearm. The intensity of adductor pollicus muscle contraction in response to ulnar nerve stimulation can be measured objectively using a piezoelectric sensor attached to the thumb. Neuromuscular monitoring is used to measure the degree of muscle paralysis that occurs with the use of neuromuscular blocking agents.
Train-of-four stimulation
Train-of-four stimulations are done by delivering four successive supramaximal stimuli (at 500 ms intervals) to a peripheral nerve. Those groups of four stimulations are repeatedly delivered to evaluate the resulting pattern of muscular response.
Normally, the resulting muscular responses (as measured via electromyography) should be equally strong (both within groups of four consecutive responses and over a succession of consecutive groups of such responses).
If nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (e.g. rocuronium) are administered, the amplitude of muscular responses decreases within a group of four consecutive responses (that the amplitude of the fourth response is significantly lower than that of the first one of the same group). This phenomenon is also referred to as “fade.”
The effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (e.g. succinylcholine) are subdivided into two phases: In phase I, the drug binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, inducing a single, persistent depolarization. Electromyographically, each of the individual responses in a group of four will be decreased by the same percentage, and the overall muscular responsiveness between consecutive groups of stimuli steadily decreases over time. If depolarizing neuromuscular agents are administered over a prolonged amount of time or a high dose is given, phase II may occur. In this phase, there is a fade in the muscular response, resembling the phenomenon seen in nondepolarizing agents. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. neostigmine) potentiate the effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs during phase I.
Flashcard 18: Memantine is a(n) _____ receptor antagonist used to treat Alzheimer's disease
Answer: NMDA
Extra:
First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych
#REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki
used to augment Ach-esterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine) in moderate-severe Alzheimer's (MMI < 18) - prevents glutamate-induced excitotoxicity
Flashcard 19: During phase II blockade using depolarizing NMJ blockers, TOF shows a(n) _____ in each of the four responses
Answer: progressive reduction
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: What drug class do benztropine and trihexyphenidyl belong to?
_____
Answer: M1 Muscarinic antagonists
Extra:
Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Keywords: Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
