Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs — Flashcards

Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards

Master Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.

Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs Flashcard Deck - 468 Cards

Flashcard 1: terbutaline

Answer:

Extra: relaxation of premature uterine contractionsβ2 - agonist

Flashcard 2: tamsulosin

Answer:

Extra: BPHα1-antagonist, inhibits smooth muscle contraction, selective for prostatic receptors

Flashcard 3: donepezil

Answer:

Extra: Alzheimer's diseaseacetylcholinesterase inhibitornausea, dizziness, insomnia

Flashcard 4: galantamine

Answer:

Extra: Alzheimer's diseaseacetylcholinesterase inhibitornausea, dizziness, insomnia

Flashcard 5: rivastigmine

Answer:

Extra: Alzheimer's diseaseacetylcholinesterase inhibitornausea, dizziness, insomnia

Flashcard 6: acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer: nucleus basilis a.k.a basal nucleus of Meynert

Flashcard 7: Tubocurarine is a(n) _____ neuromuscular blocking agent

Answer: non-depolarizing

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 8: Echothiophate is a(n) _____ used to treat glaucoma

Answer: indirect cholinomimetic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 9: Selective α1 adrenergic antagonists (except tamsulosin) may be used to treat _____

Answer: hypertension

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Œ± drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 10: What catecholamine is contraindicated in closed-angle glaucoma? _____

Answer: Epinephrine (mydriatic effect worsens the glaucoma)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:

Flashcard 11: What type of β-blocker is labetalol? _____

Answer: Non-selective α1- and β-antagonist

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Œ≤-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 12: _ is a 5-HT1A partial agonist while _ is a 5-HT1A agonist/5-HT3 antagonist

Answer: Vilazodone

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 13: What effect does atropine have on the gut motility? _____

Answer: Decreased motility

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Antimuscarinics) Watch Muscarinic antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-muscarinic-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 14: What catecholamine may be administered to treat acute, severe asthma exacerbation? _____

Answer: Epinephrine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 15: What type of β-blocker is metoprolol? _____

Answer: Selective β1 antagonist (cardioselective)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Œ≤-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 16: Entacapone is a peripheral _____ inhibitor used to increase the bioavailability of levodopa

Answer: COMT

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki inhibit the COMT communicating officers - compare with carbidopa which prevents conversion of L-dopa into dopamine.

Flashcard 17: Memantine is a(n) _____ receptor antagonist used to treat Alzheimer's disease

Answer: NMDA

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF!Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki used to augment Ach-esterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine) in moderate-severe Alzheimer's (MMI < 18) - prevents glutamate-induced excitotoxicity

Flashcard 18: During phase I blockade using depolarizing NMJ blockers, TOF stimulation shows _____ of all four twitches

Answer: equal reduction

Extra: #REF!Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Neuromuscular monitoring Supramaximal stimuli are administered to the ulnar nerve by two electrodes placed on the venteromedial surface of the distal forearm. The intensity of adductor pollicus muscle contraction in response to ulnar nerve stimulation can be measured objectively using a piezoelectric sensor attached to the thumb. Neuromuscular monitoring is used to measure the degree of muscle paralysis that occurs with the use of neuromuscular blocking agents. Train-of-four stimulation Train-of-four stimulations are done by delivering four successive supramaximal stimuli (at 500 ms intervals) to a peripheral nerve. Those groups of four stimulations are repeatedly delivered to evaluate the resulting pattern of muscular response. Normally, the resulting muscular responses (as measured via electromyography) should be equally strong (both within groups of four consecutive responses and over a succession of consecutive groups of such responses). If nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (e.g. rocuronium) are administered, the amplitude of muscular responses decreases within a group of four consecutive responses (that the amplitude of the fourth response is significantly lower than that of the first one of the same group). This phenomenon is also referred to as “fade.” The effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (e.g. succinylcholine) are subdivided into two phases: In phase I, the drug binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, inducing a single, persistent depolarization. Electromyographically, each of the individual responses in a group of four will be decreased by the same percentage, and the overall muscular responsiveness between consecutive groups of stimuli steadily decreases over time. If depolarizing neuromuscular agents are administered over a prolonged amount of time or a high dose is given, phase II may occur. In this phase, there is a fade in the muscular response, resembling the phenomenon seen in nondepolarizing agents. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. neostigmine) potentiate the effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs during phase I.

Flashcard 19: During phase II blockade using depolarizing NMJ blockers, TOF shows a(n) _____ in each of the four responses

Answer: progressive reduction

Extra: #REF!Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 20: What drug class do benztropine and trihexyphenidyl belong to? _____

Answer: M1 Muscarinic antagonists

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 21: Trazodone weakly inhibits the pre-synaptic reuptake of _____

Answer: serotonin (5-HT)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 22: Pilocarpine contracts _____ muscle, which may be used to treat closed-angle glaucoma

Answer: pupillary sphincter

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Cholinomimetics) Watch Cholinomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-cholinomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 23: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists may antagonize _____ receptors, leading to significant anti-cholinergic effects

Answer: muscarinic

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 24: _____ are a type of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor found in many insectisides

Answer: Organophosphates

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 25: Treating an organophosphate poisoning is two fold; _ which inhibits all subtypes of _, and Pralidoxime, which if given early - regenerates AChE

Answer: Atropine

Extra: Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 26: In an asthmatic response, mast cells release preformed _____ granules (early-phase reaction)

Answer: histamine

Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 27: Adverse effects of anti-muscarinics include dry _____ and mouth

Answer: eyes

Flashcard 28: What drug class does bupropion belong to? _____

Answer: Atypical antidepressants

Flashcard 29: Memantine helps prevent _____ (mediated by Ca2+) in Alzheimer's disease

Answer: excitotoxicity

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 30: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with vigabatrin and tiagabine? _____

Answer: Partial

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 31: Which opioid receptor does enkephalin bind to? _____

Answer: δ-opioid receptor

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 32: What anti-muscarinic is administered as a transdermal patch to treat motion sickness (vestibular nausea)? _____

Answer: Scopolamine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Antimuscarinics) https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 33: In patients with a BCHE mutation, succinylcholine induced paralysis lasts for _____

Answer: hours

Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 34: One adverse effect of anti-muscarinics is dry, _____ skin

Answer: flushed

Flashcard 35: Pilocarpine contracts the _____ muscle, which may be used to treat open-angle glaucoma

Answer: ciliary

Flashcard 36: Epinephrine causes broncho-_____

Answer: dilation

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 37: Trihexyphenidyl and benztropine are useful for treating the _ and _ of Parkinson disease

Answer: tremor

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/sleep-and-psychosomatic-conditions?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 38: Activation of which sympathetic receptor leads to increased lipolysis, increased thermogenesis in skeletal muscle, and increased bladder relaxation? _____

Answer: β3

Extra: Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 39: Guanfacine is a(n) _ agonist that acts analogous to _

Answer: alpha-2

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 40: What drug class does edrophonium belong to? _____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 41: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be used to treat urinary _____

Answer: retention

Flashcard 42: The vestibular system contains _____ muscarinic receptors

Answer: M1

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 43: Bethanechol is a cholinomimetic agent used to treat urinary _____

Answer: retention

Flashcard 44: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with benztropine and amantadine? _____

Answer: Parkinsonism

Extra: #REF!Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 45: Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that may be used illicitly to make _____

Answer: methamphetamine

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 46: The _____ muscarinic receptor is found in glands, the bladder, and smooth muscle

Answer: M3

Flashcard 47: What effect does atropine have on the stomach acid secretion? _____

Answer: Decreased acid secretion

Flashcard 48: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found on autonomic _____

Answer: ganglia

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 49: Which tricyclic antidepressants have the least anti-cholinergic effects? _____ and desipramine

Answer: Nortriptyline

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Tricyclic antidepressants [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-tricyclic-antidepressants?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 50: Amphetamines exert their effects by _____ catecholamines (NE, dopamine) into the synapse

Answer: displacing

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 51: Cocaine exerts its effects via inhibition of the _ and _ transporters (reuptake inhibitor)

Answer: NET

Flashcard 52: What G-protein is the M2 muscarinic receptor coupled to? _____

Answer: Gi

Flashcard 53: β-Blockers are used to treat _____ by blocking the hyperadrenergic symptoms

Answer: Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)

Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 54: Aminoglycosides can impact the neuromuscular junction, blocking _ synaptic _ receptors

Answer: post

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 55: Parathion, malathion, and echothiophate are all examples of _____

Answer: organophosphates

Flashcard 56: Clostridium botulinum toxin is associated with the 5 Ds: 1. _____ 2. Dysphonia (anti-cholinergic) 3. Dysphagia (anti-cholinergic) 4. Dry mouth (anti-muscarinic) 5. myDriasis (anti-muscarinic)

Answer: Diplopia (anti-cholinergic)

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 57: What drug class does vortioxetine belong to? _____

Answer: Atypical antidepressants

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 58: Phase _____ of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade is characterized as repolarized but blocked

Answer: II

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 59: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics cause _____ anti-cholinergic side effects

Answer: less

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 60: Which anti-muscarinic (tiotropium or ipratropium) is longer-acting? _____

Answer: Tiotropium

Flashcard 61: Norepinephrine causes _____ pulse pressure

Answer: increased

Flashcard 62: What effect do anti-muscarinics have on pupils? _____

Answer: Dilation (mydriasis)

Flashcard 63: Phenylephrine is primarily a(n) _____ agonist

Answer: α1

Flashcard 64: The detrusor muscle predominantly expresses _____ receptors

Answer: M3 and B3

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 65: β-blockers are a first line treatment for essential _____

Answer: tremor

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Œ≤-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 66: What drug class do galantamine and tacrine belong to? _____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 67: _____ acetylcholine receptors are found in effector tissues (e.g. heart, smooth muscle, brain, glands)

Answer: Muscarinic

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Cholinomimetics) https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 68: Vilazodone inhibits the pre-synaptic reuptake of _____

Answer: serotonin (5-HT)

Flashcard 69: Duloxetine is an SNRI that is indicated for the treatment of _____

Answer: fibromyalgia

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 70: α-methyldopa is an α2 agonist that is primarily used to treat _____

Answer: gestational hypertension

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Œ± drugs) Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 71: β-adrenergic blockers can be used for _____ prophylaxis

Answer: migraine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Œ≤-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 72: Anti-muscarinics may cause acute angle-closure glaucoma due to decreased outflow of aqueous humor, secondary to _____

Answer: mydriasis

Flashcard 73: Terbutaline and ritodrine are β2 receptor agonists that are used to relax _____ muscle

Answer: uterine smooth

Flashcard 74: Adverse effects of long-acting β2 agonists (e.g. salmeterol, formoterol) include _____ and arrhythmia

Answer: tremor

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 75: Binge-eating disorder may be treated with _____, which is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine

Answer: lisdexamfetamine

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/anxiety-trauma-and-stress-disorders?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/eating-disorders/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 76: Muscarinic Ach receptors are _____ receptors

Answer: G-protein coupled

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Cholinomimetics) https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 77: What type of β-blocker is betaxolol? _____

Answer: Selective β1 antagonist (cardioselective)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Œ≤-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 78: What drug class do venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine belong to? _____

Answer: SNRIs

Flashcard 79: Adverse effects of antimuscarinics include agitation, hallucination, and coma, especially in _____ patients

Answer: elderly

Flashcard 80: Homatropine is _____ antagonist used as a cycloplegic / mydriatic

Answer: muscarinic

Extra: Watch Muscarinic antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-muscarinic-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 81: Glycopyrrolate is a(n) _____ receptor antagonist that is used to reduce activity of glands

Answer: M3

Flashcard 82: At high doses, epinephrine primarily activates _____ adrenergic receptors

Answer: α

Flashcard 83: Long-acting β2 agonists (e.g. salmeterol) achieve their long duration due to high _____ solubility

Answer: lipid

Flashcard 84: Bupropion may cause _____, especially in anorexic or bulimic patients

Answer: seizures

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 85: One adverse effect of anti-muscarinics is _____ glaucoma, especially in elderly patients

Answer: acute angle-closure

Flashcard 86: Hyoscyamine and dicyclomine are _____ antagonists used as antispasmodics

Answer: muscarinic

Flashcard 87: Is mirtazapine (α-blocker) selective or non-selective? _____

Answer: Selective

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Œ± drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 88: Trabecular outflow of aqueous humor is increased with _____ agonists

Answer: M3

Extra: pilocarpine, carbachol (direct) physostigmine, echothiphate (indirect [cholinesterase inhibitors]) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 89: The _ and _ adrenergic receptors are coupled to Gs

Answer: β1

Flashcard 90: Vagal stimulation increases H+ secretion directly via binding of acetylcholine to _____ receptors on parietal cells

Answer: M3

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 91: Does Clostridium botulinum affect the CNS, PNS, or both? _____

Answer: PNS

Extra: Watch Clostridium botulinum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-bacilli-clostridium-botulinum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 92: Rank the following receptors for affinity to dobutamine, from highest to lowest: β1, β2, α _____

Answer: β1 > β2 > α

Flashcard 93: Do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors enhance ACh activity at muscarinic or nicotinic receptors? _____

Answer: Both :)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 94: α-receptor antagonists may cause _____ as an adverse effect

Answer: orthostatic hypotension

Flashcard 95: _____ is a non-selective reversible α1 and α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist

Answer: Phentolamine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 96: Local anesthetics are often given with _____ to enhance local action

Answer: vasoconstrictors

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 97: Pyridostigmine, neostigmine, and edrophonium are _ amines and thus _ penetrate the CNS

Answer: quaternary

Flashcard 98: Bupropion inhibits the reuptake of _ and _

Answer: norepinephrine

Flashcard 99: Methacoline is a(n) _____ receptor agonist used in the bronchial challenge to help diagnose asthma

Answer: M3

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 100: What drug class does pilocarpine belong to? _____

Answer: Cholinomimetics (muscarinic agonists)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Cholinomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-cholinomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 101: Which serotonin receptor is inhibited by trazodone? _____

Answer: 5-HT2

Flashcard 102: What is used to reverse phase I of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade? _____

Answer: No antidote

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 103: Gabapentin is an anti-epileptic that exerts its effects by blocking voltage-gated _____ channels

Answer: Ca2+

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 104: _____ is a treatment for ALS that increases survival by decreasing glutamate excitotoxicity

Answer: Riluzole

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 105: Does atropine reverse the flaccid paralysis associated with cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? _____

Answer: No, only effective at muscarinic receptors

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 106: Do organophosphates (e.g. parathion) reversibly or irreversibly inhibit AChE? _____

Answer: Irreversibly (with time)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 107: Which cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning antidote reverses the central muscarinic effects? _____

Answer: Atropine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 108: Scopolamine primarily affects the _____ via inhibition of M1 muscarinic receptors

Answer: CNS

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Antimuscarinics) https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 109: Typical antipsychotics are associated with anti-cholinergic effects, such as _____ and constipation

Answer: dry mouth

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 110: Benztropine may be used to treat extrapyramidal side effects caused by _____ drugs (e.g. dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism)

Answer: anti-psychotic

Flashcard 111: What effect does atropine have on airway secretions? _____

Answer: Decreased secretions

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 112: Is phentolamine (α-blocker) selective or non-selective? _____

Answer: Non-selective

Flashcard 113: Cholinomimetics cause _____ of bronchial smooth muscle, which may exacerbate asthma or COPD

Answer: contraction

Flashcard 114: What is used to reverse phase II of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade? _____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 115: What is used to reverse non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade? _ plus _

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 116: Clostridium botulinum toxin can result in a(n) _____ compound muscle action potential following motor nerve stimulation

Answer: decreased

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 117: Malathion is an anti-scabies/louse therapy that works by causing _____ paralysis of scabies/lice

Answer: flaccid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 118: Is carbamazepine used to prevent relapse or treat acute mania in bipolar disorder? _____

Answer: Both :)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Lithium [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-lithium?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/psychotic-and-mood-disorders?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 119: Which opioid receptor does dynorphin bind to? _____

Answer: κ-opioid receptor

Flashcard 120: Is phenoxybenzamine (α-blocker) reversible or irreversible? _____

Answer: Irreversible

Flashcard 121: Tizanidine is an α2 agonist that may be used as a muscle _____

Answer: relaxant

Flashcard 122: Bethanechol is a cholinomimetic agent used to treat post-operative and neurogenic _____

Answer: ileus

Flashcard 123: Typical antipsychotics result in increased _____

Answer: cAMP

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki (SwIng) - less Gi = ↑ cAMP

Flashcard 124: Food poisoning via _____ toxin can block both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Answer: Clostridium botulinum

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 125: Neuromuscular blocking drugs are selective for _____ nicotinic receptors

Answer: NM

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF!Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 126: α-adrenergic agonists cause K+ to shift _ cells, causing _

Answer: out of

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki

Flashcard 127: Complications of succinylcholine include hyper-calcemia, hyper-kalemia, and _____

Answer: malignant hyperthermia

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF!Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/skeletal-muscle?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 128: Diphenhydramine and meclizine (1st generation H1 receptor blockers) may cause significant _____ and have significant anti-muscarinic properties

Answer: sedation

Flashcard 129: Selective muscarinic antagonists (ex. glycopyrrolate, hyoscyamine, propantheline) can be used to reduce side effects of _____ inhibitors where they are mediated by activation of muscarinic receptors

Answer: cholinesterase

Flashcard 130: Glycopyrrolate is used preoperatively to reduce drooling (when given orally) and to reduce _____ (when given parenterally)

Answer: airway secretions

Flashcard 131: Which MAO inhibitors are selective MAO-B inhibitors? _____

Answer: Selegiline and rasagiline

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 132: Benztropine and trihexyphenidyl primarily affect the _____ via inhibition of M1 muscarinic receptors

Answer: CNS

Flashcard 133: Botulinum toxin of Clostridium botulinum targets _____ neurons

Answer: motor

Flashcard 134: Phentermine, diethylpropion, and benzphetamine are _____ drugs used for weight loss

Answer: sympathomimetic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 135: Isoproterenol causes vaso-_____

Answer: dilation

Flashcard 136: Which "DUMBBELSS" symptom is NOT alleviated by atropine administration in cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? _____

Answer: Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Antimuscarinics) Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 137: Terbutaline and ritodrine are _____-agonists that relax the uterus, thus decreasing contraction frequency during labor

Answer: β2

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 138: Which anti-scabies/louse therapy inhibits acetylcholinesterase? _____

Answer: Malathion

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 139: The effects of cholinergic toxicity may be remembered with the mnemonic "DUMBBELSS": D: _____ U: urination M: miosis B: bronchospasm B: bradycardia/bradypnea E: excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS L: lacrimation S: salivation S: sweating

Answer: diarrhea

Flashcard 140: α-adrenergic antagonists cause K+ to shift _ cells, causing _

Answer: into

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki

Flashcard 141: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning causes _ due to NMJ nicotinic ACh receptor _

Answer: flaccid paralysis

Flashcard 142: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with benztropine and diphenhydramine? _____

Answer: Acute Dystonia

Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 143: Does pralidoxime reverse the flaccid paralysis associated with cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 144: Cholinomimetic drugs mimic the neurotransmitter _____

Answer: acetylcholine

Flashcard 145: When a non-depolarizing NMJ blocker is administered, TOF stimulation show a(n) _____ in each of the four responses

Answer: progressive reduction

Extra: #REF!Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 146: Anti-muscarinics block the action of _____ at M receptors

Answer: acetylcholine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Antimuscarinics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 147: Atropine may be used to decrease urinary _____ in cystitis

Answer: urgency

Flashcard 148: Methylphenidate is an amphetamine derivative used to treat _____

Answer: ADHD

Flashcard 149: Trazodone is an atypical antidepressant that can cause _____ in men

Answer: priapism

Flashcard 150: α-methyldopa is a(n) _____ adrenergic agonist that primary affects the CNS

Answer: α2

Flashcard 151: Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine may be used clinically to reduce - _____ - edema - nasal congestion

Answer: hyperemia

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 152: Activation of the α1 adrenergic receptor _____ mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer: increases

Flashcard 153: Benzodiazepines _____ the action of GABAA

Answer: enhance

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 154: Oxybutynin and tolterodine primarily affect the _____ via inhibition of M3 muscarinic receptors

Answer: genitourinary system

Flashcard 155: Isoproterenol acts on _ and _ adrenergic receptors

Answer: β1

Flashcard 156: Aging of the organophosphate-cholinesterase complex leads to _____ binding

Answer: irreversible

Flashcard 157: _____ is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is used as long-acting treatment for myasthenia gravis

Answer: Pyridostigmine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 158: Which anti-epileptic is eliminated via zero order kinetics? _____

Answer: Phenytoin

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Kinetik Zero- and First-order Elimination rates (green line) remain constant in zero-order elimination, resulting in a decreasing half-life (t1/2) with decreasing plasma drug concentration. Elimination rates in first-order elimination decrease with time, resulting in a constant t1/2 with decreasing plasma drug concentration.

Flashcard 159: TCAs may be used to treat peripheral neuropathy and chronic pain (e.g. _____ pain)

Answer: neuropathic

Flashcard 160: _____ inhibits Acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in lack of muscle contraction

Answer: Botulinum toxin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 161: Tiagabine is an anti-epileptic that exerts its effects by inhibiting _____

Answer: GABA reuptake

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 162: Asthmatic bronchoconstriction is mediated by _____ processes and parasympathetic tone

Answer: inflammatory

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 163: Which adrenergic receptor is sympatholytic? _____

Answer: α2

Flashcard 164: Ipratropium and tiotropium primarily affect the _____ via inhibition of M3 muscarinic receptors

Answer: lungs

Flashcard 165: Treatment of ileus includes bowel rest, electrolyte correction, and _____ drugs (stimulate intestinal motility)

Answer: cholinergic

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Flashcard 166: α1 adrenergic antagonists may be used to treat urinary symptoms of _____

Answer: BPH

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 167: The Tetanospasmin toxin (from Clostridium tetani) inhibits the release of which neurotransmitters? _____

Answer: GABA; Glycine

Extra: Watch Clostridium tetani [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-bacilli-clostridium-tetani?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/invasive-spinal-cord-disease?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 168: One adverse effect associated with clonidine is _____

Answer: bradycardia

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 169: Indirect cholinomimetics exert their effects via inhibition of the enzyme _____

Answer: acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 170: What drug class does methacholine belong to? _____

Answer: Cholinomimetics (muscarinic agonists)

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Cholinomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-cholinomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 171: Gabapentin is often used adjunctively to help with _____, sleep, and neuropathic pain

Answer: anxiety

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Flashcard 172: On standard urine drug screen, bupropion is an antidepressant that may be a false positive for _____

Answer: amphetamines

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Flashcard 173: Depression and no sexual side effects = _____

Answer: bupropion

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Flashcard 174: Stimulants (e.g. amphetamine, methylphenidate) may _____ appetite

Answer: suppress

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Flashcard 175: Atenolol is a β-blocker that is contraindicated in pregnancy due to risk of _____

Answer: fetal growth restriction

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Flashcard 176: Entacapone is a peripheral _____ inhibitor used to increase the bioavailability of levodopa by preventing its peripheral methylation.

Answer: COMT

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Flashcard 177: Which nonselective β-blocker is contraindicated in asthmatics? _____

Answer: Propranolol

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Flashcard 178: What class of antidepressants may help IBS? _____

Answer: Tricyclics

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Flashcard 179: What cardiac complication is associated with succinylcholine in patients with skeletal muscle trauma? _____

Answer: Cardiac arrhythmia

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Flashcard 180: Pilocarpine contracts _____ muscle, which may be used to treat closed-angle glaucoma

Answer: pupillary sphincter

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Flashcard 181: What is the initial drug of choice for symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis? _____

Answer: Pyridostigmine (long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 182: _____ antagonists are associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes

Answer: β-adrenergic

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Flashcard 183: _____ and trihexyphenidyl are antimuscarinic agents used to treat Parkinsonism, especially tremor and rigidity

Answer: Benztropine

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Flashcard 184: Typical or first-generation antipsychotics treat psychosis by blocking _____ receptors Atypical or second-generation antipsychotics block both dopamine (D2) and serotonin (2A) receptors

Answer: dopamine (D2)

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Flashcard 185: Is pyridostigmine effective in acute myasthenic crisis? _____

Answer: No

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Flashcard 186: On standard urine drug screen, nasal decongestants are anti-allergy drugs that may be a false positive for _____

Answer: amphetamines

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Flashcard 187: What medications should be administered to patient for acute management of asthma exacerbation? (5) _____

Answer: Oxygen Inhaled SABA Hydrocortisone (systemic corticosteroid) Ipratropium (nebs) Theophylline (rare)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 188: One adverse effect associated with selective α1 adrenergic antagonists is _____

Answer: orthostatic hypotension

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Flashcard 189: What is pharmacotherapy of tardive dyskinesia? _____

Answer: Valbenazine

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Flashcard 190: Depression and diabetic neuropathy is managed with _____

Answer: SNRI

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Flashcard 191: Benzodiazepines increase Cl- conductance by increasing the _____ of channel opening

Answer: frequency

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Flashcard 192: Supportive measures for opioid withdrawal include: - alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (_____ for anxiety and hypertension - ibuprofen (for muscle cramps) - loperamide (for diarrhea)

Answer: clonidine

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki

Flashcard 193: Tetanus = muscles _____tonic

Answer: hyper

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Flashcard 194: Valbenazine or deutetrabenazine is used to treat _____

Answer: tardive dyskinesia

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Flashcard 195: Ecstasy (MDMA) = _____

Answer: amphetamine

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Flashcard 196: Amitriptyline is indicated for abortive migraine therapy _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 197: If someone develops hallucinations while on carbidopa/levodopa, what should be your next step? _____

Answer: Discontinue/decrease the carbidopa/levodopa

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Flashcard 198: Valproic acid exerts its effects by blocking _____ channels

Answer: Na+

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 199: _____ = smoking cessation

Answer: Bupropion

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Flashcard 200: Treatment of Asthma Intermittent = ___ Mild persistent = _ + ICS Moderate persistent = _ + ICS + LABA Severe flare = ___ + ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroids *Add on leukotriene antagonist (montelukast) at any time

Answer: SABA

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Flashcard 201: Pharmacological treatment of agitation in delirium is managed with _____

Answer: haloperidol

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Flashcard 202: Bath salt intoxication last a(n) _____ time

Answer: long

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Flashcard 203: Mirtazapine is a(n) _____-adrenergic antagonist, which increases pre-synaptic release of serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer: α2

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 204: Methylphenidate is an amphetamine derivative used to treat _____

Answer: ADHD

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 205: Urge incontinence may be treated with _____, such as oxybutynin

Answer: anti-muscarinics

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Flashcard 206: Is clonidine used to treat ADHD in adulthood? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 207: Essential tremor = _____ or primidone

Answer: propranolol

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 208: Atropine can _____ acute-angle closure glaucoma

Answer: cause

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/adult-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 209: The typical antipsychotic chlorpromazine is associated with _____ deposits

Answer: corneal

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 210: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists may antagonize _____ receptors, leading to significant anti-cholinergic effects

Answer: muscarinic

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Flashcard 211: Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist used to treat _____ disease

Answer: Alzheimer's

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 212: When Levodopa/carbidopa starts to wear off for Parkinson's disease, add: _____ COMT inhibitors (capone) Deep Brain Stimulation (last resort)

Answer: MAO inhibitors (selegiline)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 213: What is the first line pharmacologic treatment for Ogilvie's syndrome? _____

Answer: IV Neostigmine

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Flashcard 214: What are the treatment options for closed glaucoma? _____

Answer: α-agonist β-blocker Laser surgery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/adult-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 215: Carbamazepine is an anti-epileptic associated with blood dyscrasias, such as _____ and agranulocytosis

Answer: aplastic anemia

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Flashcard 216: Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker by binding to post-synaptic _____ receptors, triggering an influx of Na+ and efflux of K+

Answer: ACh

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 217: Risperidone = _ potency antipsychotic Quetiapine and clozapine = _ potency antipsychotic

Answer: high

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Flashcard 218: Which second generation antipsychotic is most likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms? _____

Answer: Risperidone

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Flashcard 219: Bethanechol is a cholinomimetic agent used to treat urinary _____

Answer: retention

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Flashcard 220: Tourette's syndrome is managed with behavioral training, anti-_ and _ agonists

Answer: dopaminergic

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Flashcard 221: Typical or first-generation antipsychotics treat psychosis by blocking _____ receptors Atypical or second-generation antipsychotics block both dopamine (D2) and serotonin (2A) receptors

Answer: dopamine (D2)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 222: Intranasal sympathomimetics should not be used for more than three days because of the risk of _____

Answer: rebound nasal congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 223: What is the treatment of choice for Parkinson's disease patients that are non-functional OR over 70 years old? _____

Answer: Carbidopa-levodopa

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 224: Malignant hyperthermia is treated with _____

Answer: dantrolene

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/catatonia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 225: What is the recommended pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's dementia? _____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. donepezil, rivastigmine)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/dementia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 226: What pharmacologic agent may be used in the treatment of urgency incontinence? _____

Answer: Anti-muscarinic agents (e.g. oxybutynin)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 227: Tricyclic antidepressants antagonize the _____ adrenergic receptor

Answer: α1

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Flashcard 228: What pharmacologic agent may be used in the treatment of overflow incontinence? _____

Answer: Cholinergic agonists (e.g. bethanecol)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 229: Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) are first line for acute attacks of _, while phenytoin is first line for prophylaxis of _

Answer: status epilepticus

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 230: Which anti-convulsant drug is most known for causing Stevens-Johnson syndrome? _____

Answer: Lamotrigine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 231: What is the likely diagnosis in a farmer that presents to the hospital with agitation, vomiting, and watery eyes? Physical exam reveals 1 mm pupils bilaterally and increased bowel sounds. _____

Answer: Organophosphate (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) poisoning

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 232: What is the initial management for a patient with major depressive disorder, obesity, and desire to quit smoking? _____

Answer: Bupropion

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Flashcard 233: Bethanechol is a cholinergic agent used to treat _____

Answer: urinary retention or atonic bladder

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 234: What is the first-line treatment in Restless Leg Syndrome? _____

Answer: Dopamine agonists Benzodiazepines

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki An alternative pharmacotherapy is alpha-2-delta Ca2+ channel ligands (e.g. gabapentin)

Flashcard 235: In organophosphate poisoning, _ is given first; _ is given second

Answer: atropine

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Flashcard 236: Which serotonin receptor is antagonized by many atypical antipsychotics? _____

Answer: 5-HT2A

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 237: What is the first-line treatment for mild, stage I COPD? _____

Answer: Short-acting bronchodilators

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/copd/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 238: _____ is a(n) glutamate inhibitor that is approved for use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer: Riluzole

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 239: Which generation of antihistamines has greater anticholinergic side effects? _____

Answer: 1st generation

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Flashcard 240: Varenicline is a(n) _____ receptor partial agonist used for smoking cessation

Answer: nicotinic

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Flashcard 241: What is the recommended treatment for organophosphate or acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? _____

Answer: Atropine, then pralidoxime

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 242: Which typical antipsychotic is associated with a purple grey metallic rash over sun-exposed areas and jaundice? _____

Answer: Chlorpromazine

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Flashcard 243: Modafinil is a stimulant used to treat _____

Answer: narcolepsy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-disorders/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 244: Patients on β2 agonists (e.g. albuterol) can cause _____kalemia, which may present with muscle weakness, arrhythmias, and tremors

Answer: hypo

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 245: Depression and insomnia = _____ or trazodone

Answer: mirtazapine

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Flashcard 246: Common early side effects of levodopa/carbidopa include dizziness, headache, agitation, and visual _____

Answer: hallucinations

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Flashcard 247: Synthetic cathinones, also known as “bath salts”, are recreational drugs that are similar to _____

Answer: amphetamines

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Flashcard 248: Fluoxetine is indicated for peripheral neuropathy _____

Answer: F

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Flashcard 249: Which antidepressant causes: - Anti-cholinergic effects → dry, flushed skin and dilated pupils - Anti-adrenergic (a1) effects → hypotension - Anti-H1 histamine receptor - Arrhythmias _____

Answer: TCAs

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Flashcard 250: Trazodone is an atypical antidepressant that can cause _____ in men

Answer: priapism

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 251: Tremor and rigidity 2° to Parkinson disease is managed with _____

Answer: benztropine (anticholinergic)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 252: What type of β-blocker is metoprolol? _____

Answer: Selective β1 antagonist (cardioselective)

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Flashcard 253: What medication can facilitate passage of a distal ureteral stone? _____

Answer: Tamsulosin

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Flashcard 254: _____ is a very weak μ-opioid receptor agonist that also inhibits 5-HT and norepinephrine reuptake

Answer: Tramadol

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Flashcard 255: The best initial pharmacological therapy for peripheral neuropathy is _____

Answer: pregabalin or gabapentin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 256: Atracurium and mivacurium are _____ (depolarizing or non-depolarizing) neuromuscular blocking agents

Answer: non-depolarizing

Flashcard 257: What drug class does vilazodone belong to?_____

Answer: Atypical antidepressants

Flashcard 258: Neuro/Psych_____ patients are more sensitive to the side effects of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (e.g. cognitive impairment, headache, delirium)

Answer: Elderly

Flashcard 259: Tubocurarine is a _____ (depolarizing or non-depolarizing) neuromuscular blocking agent

Answer: non-depolarizing

Flashcard 260: Delirium may be caused by medications, such as _____, especially in the elderly

Answer: anticholinergics

Flashcard 261: Which neuromuscular blocking drug is characterized as depolarizing? _____

Answer: Succinylcholine

Flashcard 262: SNRIs may be used to treat chronic pain (e.g. _____ pain)

Answer: neuropathic

Flashcard 263: Which anti-scabies/louse therapy inhibits acetylcholinesterase?_____

Answer: Malathion

Flashcard 264: Memantine helps prevent _____ (mediated by Ca2+) in Alzheimer's disease

Answer: excitotoxicity

Flashcard 265: TCAs may be used to treat peripheral neuropathy and chronic pain (e.g. _____ pain)

Answer: neuropathic

Flashcard 266: Duloxetine and _____ are SNRIs that are indicated for fibromyalgia.

Answer: milnacipran

Flashcard 267: Terbutaline and ritodrine are _____-agonists that relax the uterus, thus decreasing contraction frequency during labor

Answer: 2

Flashcard 268: Aqueous humor production is decreased with _____ (agonists or antagonists)

Answer: antagonists

Flashcard 269: What is used to reverse phase I of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade?_____

Answer: No antidote

Flashcard 270: Patients on stimulants may develop _____

Answer: tics (movement disorder)

Flashcard 271: Catecholamines are transported into pre-synaptic vesicles by the _____ transporter

Answer: (VMAT) vesicular monoamine

Flashcard 272: Does atropine reverse the flaccid paralysis associated with cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? _____

Answer: No, only effective at muscarinic receptors

Flashcard 273: Does Clostridium botulinum affect the CNS, PNS, or both?_____

Answer: PNS

Flashcard 274: What drug class do oxybutynin, tolterodine, and solifenacin belong to? _____

Answer: Oral M3 muscarinic antagonists

Flashcard 275: To gauge the degree of _____ induced by neuromuscular junction blocking agents, train of four stimulation can be used during anesthesia

Answer: paralysis

Flashcard 276: What drug class do neostigmine, physostigmine, and pyridostigmine belong to?_____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Flashcard 277: Ischemic priapism is treated with corporal aspiration, intracavernosal _____, or surgical decompression to prevent ischemia

Answer: phenylephrine

Flashcard 278: Tropicamide is a _____ antagonist used as a cycloplegic / mydriatic

Answer: muscarinic (general class)

Flashcard 279: What is the predominant autonomic receptor on the ciliary muscle? _____

Answer: M3

Flashcard 280: What is the effect of bromocriptine (a dopamine agonist) on prolactin secretion?_____

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 281: What catecholamine is contraindicated in closed-angle glaucoma? _____

Answer: Epinephrine (mydriatic effect worsens the glaucoma)

Flashcard 282: Benign prostatic hyperplasia may be treated with a _____ antagonist such as tamsulosin

Answer: selective alpha1A,D

Flashcard 283: Long-acting 2 agonists are used for _____ in moderate or severe persistent asthma

Answer: prophylaxis

Flashcard 284: Compared to other antidepressants, buproprion is _____ likely to cause weight gain

Answer: less

Flashcard 285: Adverse effects of vortioxetine include anti-_____ effects, sleep disturbances (abnormal dreams), and sexual dysfunction

Answer: cholinergic

Flashcard 286: The detrusor muscle predominantly expresses _____ receptors.

Answer: M3 and B3

Flashcard 287: Tolcapone can cause _____ failure as an adverse effect

Answer: hepatic

Flashcard 288: Muscarinic antagonists cause broncho-_____

Answer: dilation

Flashcard 289: Phenylephrine causes _____ systolic pressure

Answer: increased

Flashcard 290: Mirabegron is indicated for _____

Answer: urinary urge incontinence

Flashcard 291: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics are _____ likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Answer: less

Flashcard 292: What drug class does edrophonium belong to?_____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Flashcard 293: What features of extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with benztropine and amantadine?_____

Answer: Parkinsonism

Flashcard 294: Which adrenergic receptor is sympatholytic? _____

Answer: 2

Flashcard 295: Nebulized _____ is a muscarinic antagonist that may be used to treat acute, severe asthma exacerbation

Answer: ipratropium

Flashcard 296: Is phenoxybenzamine (-blocker) selective or non-selective? _____

Answer: Non-selective

Flashcard 297: What G-protein is the M1 muscarinic receptor coupled to? _____

Answer: Gq

Flashcard 298: What is the treatment for scombroid poisoning?_____

Answer: Antihistamines (also may use albuterol and epinephrine if needed)

Flashcard 299: Examples of the beers criteria include drugs that increase the risk of anti_____ activity (antihistamines, GI antispasmodics)

Answer: cholinergic

Flashcard 300: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be used to treat urinary _____

Answer: retention

Flashcard 301: Phenylephrine may be used as a _____ for ocular procedures

Answer: mydriatic

Flashcard 302: Is buproprion use associated with sexual dysfunction? _____

Answer: No

Flashcard 303: Guanfacine differs from Clonidine in that is it _____ by cytochrome p450

Answer: metabolized (metabolized or not metabolized?)

Flashcard 304: What demographic is associated with organophosphate poisoning? _____

Answer: Farmers

Flashcard 305: The _____ muscarinic receptor is found in glands, the bladder, and smooth muscle

Answer: M3

Flashcard 306: Glycopyrrolate is an _____ receptor antagonist that is used to reduce activity of glands

Answer: M3 (specific receptor)

Flashcard 307: Cholinomimetic drugs mimic the neurotransmitter _____

Answer: acetylcholine

Flashcard 308: Cholinomimetics cause _____ of bronchial smooth muscle, which may exacerbate asthma or COPD

Answer: contraction

Flashcard 309: What is a lethal complication of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning if untreated?_____

Answer: Respiratory failure

Flashcard 310: What drug is used for chronic pain in tension headaches? _____

Answer: Amitriptyline

Flashcard 311: _____ are glaucoma drugs that are associated with ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, and ocular pruritis

Answer: a2-agonists

Flashcard 312: Food poisoning via _____ toxin can block both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Answer: Clostridium botulinum

Flashcard 313: What effect do 2 agonists have on sympathetic tone? _____

Answer: Decreased (sympatholytic)

Flashcard 314: What adverse effect may pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine have on blood pressure? _____

Answer: Increased BP (Hypertension)

Flashcard 315: What drug class do venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine belong to?_____

Answer: SNRIs

Flashcard 316: What sympathomimetic catecholamine is used to treat septic shock? _____

Answer: Norepinephrine

Flashcard 317: Glycopyrrolate is an _____ antagonist

Answer: M3 (specific receptor)

Flashcard 318: Phenylephrine causes reflex _____ (HR)

Answer: bradycardia

Flashcard 319: What drug class does atropine belong to? _____

Answer: Anti-muscarinics

Flashcard 320: Which neurotransmitter's release is prevented by the Botulinum toxin from Clostridium botulinum?_____

Answer: Acetylcholine

Flashcard 321: What drug class does bupropion belong to?_____

Answer: Atypical antidepressants

Flashcard 322: Is phentolamine (-blocker) reversible or irreversible?_____

Answer: Reversible

Flashcard 323: Glycopyrrolate can be used to treat _____ disease when taken orally

Answer: peptic ulcer

Flashcard 324: Treatment of narcolepsy involves daytime _____ (e.g. amphetamines, modafinil)

Answer: stimulants

Flashcard 325: Indirect cholinomimetics exert their effects via inhibition of the enzyme _____

Answer: acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Flashcard 326: What drug class does bethanechol belong to? _____

Answer: Cholinomimetics (muscarinic agonists)

Flashcard 327: Neuro/Psych Adverse effects associated with levetiracetam use include _____ and neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g. behavioral change)

Answer: somnolence

Flashcard 328: Organophosphate toxicity may be treated with _____, which regenerates AChE at muscarinic and nicotinic receptors if given early

Answer: pralidoxime

Flashcard 329: What G-protein is the M2 muscarinic receptor coupled to? _____

Answer: Gi

Flashcard 330: What drug class do galantamine and tacrine belong to?_____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Flashcard 331: During phase I blockade using depolarizing NMJ blockers, TOF stimulation shows _____ of all four twitches

Answer: equal reduction

Flashcard 332: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking _____, which is a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity

Answer: St. John's wort

Flashcard 333: What sensation is lost first with local anesthetics? _____

Answer: Pain

Flashcard 334: Long-acting 2 agonists (e.g. salmeterol) are given as a daily inhaler and are always combined with a regimen of _____

Answer: inhaled corticosteroids

Flashcard 335: Echothiophate is a _____ used to treat glaucoma.

Answer: indirect cholinomimetic

Flashcard 336: Which extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g. due to antipsychotic use) occur within minutes to days? _____

Answer: Acute dystonia

Flashcard 337: What anti-muscarinic is administered as a transdermal patch to treat motion sickness (vestibular nausea)? _____

Answer: Scopolamine

Flashcard 338: Phenylephrine is primarily an _____ (alpha 1 or 2) agonist

Answer: 1

Flashcard 339: Which serotonin receptors (2) are inhibited by mirtazapine? _____

Answer: 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors

Flashcard 340: Dopamine in the synapse is transported back into the nerve terminal via the _____ transporter

Answer: (DAT) dopamine

Flashcard 341: What drug class does pilocarpine belong to? _____

Answer: Cholinomimetics (muscarinic agonists)

Flashcard 342: What type of -blocker is atenolol? _____

Answer: Selective 1 antagonist (cardioselective)

Flashcard 343: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/PsychCompared to benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hynotics are _____ likely to affect the sleep cycle

Answer: less

Flashcard 344: MPTP, a contaminant in illicit drugs, is metabolized to _____, which causes Parkinsonian symptoms

Answer: MPP+

Flashcard 345: What effect do anti-muscarinics have on pupils (dilation or constriction)? _____

Answer: Dilation (mydriasis)

Flashcard 346: Neuromuscular blocking drugs are selective for _____ nicotinic receptors

Answer: NM

Flashcard 347: Tiagabine is an anti-epileptic that exerts its effects by inhibiting _____

Answer: GABA reuptake

Flashcard 348: The extrapyramidal symptoms of antipsychotics may be managed with an M1 antagonist such as _____

Answer: benztropine

Flashcard 349: The duration of action of Succinylcholine is determined by its metabolism by _____

Answer: plasma cholinesterase

Flashcard 350: Phenylephrine may be used to treat nasal _____

Answer: congestion

Flashcard 351: Chronic levodopa use can cause a '_____ reaction', with akinesia re-emerging at end of each dose

Answer: wearing-off

Flashcard 352: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics cause _____ anti-1 side effects

Answer: less

Flashcard 353: Atropine may be used to decrease urinary _____ in cystitis

Answer: urgency

Flashcard 354: Is mirtazapine (-blocker) selective or non-selective? _____

Answer: Selective

Flashcard 355: In the presence of MAO inhibitors, tyramine enters the circulation and acts as a _____ agent

Answer: sympathomimetic

Flashcard 356: Trihexyphenidyl and benztropine are NOT useful for treating the _____ of Parkinson disease

Answer: bradykinesia

Flashcard 357: Neuro/Psych _____ is an 1 and 2 antagonist that can be used to manage the hypertensive symptoms of tyramine toxicity

Answer: Phentolamine

Flashcard 358: Parathion, malathion, and echothiophate are all examples of _____

Answer: organophosphates

Flashcard 359: Patients taking Tizanidine can develop hypotension, weakness, and _____

Answer: xerostomia (oral complication)

Flashcard 360: Topiramate increases GABA action via allosterically binding to the _____ receptor

Answer: GABAA

Flashcard 361: Amphetamines exert their effects by _____ catecholamines (NE, dopamine) into the synapse

Answer: displacing

Flashcard 362: In patients with a BCHE mutation, succinylcholine induced paralysis lasts for _____

Answer: hours

Flashcard 363: What effect do low doses of dopamine have on RBF? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 364: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine may be used to open an obstructed _____

Answer: eustachian tube

Flashcard 365: What endocrine pathology is rarely caused by SSRIs? _____

Answer: SIADH

Flashcard 366: Bupropion may be used for _____ cessation

Answer: smoking

Flashcard 367: Beta Blockers are used to treat _____ by blocking the hyperadrenergic symptoms

Answer: Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)

Flashcard 368: Imipramine is a TCA that is rarely used to treat nocturnal _____

Answer: enuresis

Flashcard 369: What effect does atropine have on airway secretions?_____

Answer: Decreased secretions

Flashcard 370: What drug class does mirtazapine belong to?_____

Answer: Atypical antidepressants

Flashcard 371: What drug class does rivastigmine belong to?_____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Flashcard 372: Which tricyclic antidepressant has the most anti-cholinergic effects? _____

Answer: Amitriptyline (tertiary amine)

Flashcard 373: Most atypical antipsychotics exert their effects by blocking the _____ dopamine receptor

Answer: D2

Flashcard 374: antagonists (e.g. phentolamine) can be used to treat _____ (illicit drug) toxicity

Answer: cocaine

Flashcard 375: What drug class does methacholine belong to? _____

Answer: Cholinomimetics (muscarinic agonists)

Flashcard 376: Autonomics (Cholinomimetics) _____ challenge instigates asthma for pulmonary testing

Answer: Methacholine

Flashcard 377: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be used to treat post-operative and neurogenic _____

Answer: ileus

Flashcard 378: drugs_____ may be given to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods (e.g. wine, cheese)

Answer: Phentolamine

Flashcard 379: In addition to inhaled anesthetics, malignant hyperthermia may also be caused by _____ (muscle relaxant)

Answer: succinylcholine

Flashcard 380: What drug class do iloperidone, paliperidone, and risperidone belong to?_____

Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation)

Flashcard 381: What drug class does tranylcypromine belong to?_____

Answer: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Flashcard 382: Trazodone is an _____-adrenergic antagonist

Answer: 1

Flashcard 383: Adverse effects of vilazodone include anti-_____ effects and weight gain

Answer: cholinergic

Flashcard 384: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors lead to _____ levels of acetylcholine

Answer: increased

Flashcard 385: The vestibular system contains _____ muscarinic receptors

Answer: M1

Flashcard 386: What is the first line treatment for partial (focal) seizures? _____

Answer: Carbamazepine

Flashcard 387: What effect does atropine have on the gut motility?_____

Answer: Decreased motility

Flashcard 388: Aqueous humor production is decreased with 2 _____ (agonists or antagonists)

Answer: agonists

Flashcard 389: Which drug class is used to reverse the effects of neuromuscular junction blockade?_____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. neostigmine)

Flashcard 390: At the bladder, stimulation of B3 receptors results in _____

Answer: bladder relaxation

Flashcard 391: TCAs may cause _____ side effects, such as tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth, and confusion

Answer: anti-cholinergic

Flashcard 392: Cervical dystonia can be treated with local _____ injections

Answer: botulinum toxin

Flashcard 393: Epinephrine causes _____ diastolic pressure

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 394: Adverse effects of antimuscarinics include agitation, hallucination, and coma, especially in _____ patients

Answer: elderly

Flashcard 395: Brimonidine is an _____ adrenergic agonist used to treat chronic open angle glaucoma

Answer: 2

Flashcard 396: Pharmacological treatment for intractable and distressing tics in Tourette syndrome may include _____-adrenergic agonists

Answer: 2

Flashcard 397: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Acetylcholine causes broncho-_____

Answer: constriction

Flashcard 398: Pancuronium, vecuronium, and rocuronium are _____ (depolarizing or non-depolarizing) neuromuscular blocking agents

Answer: non-depolarizing

Flashcard 399: What is used to reverse phase II of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade?_____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Flashcard 400: Stimulants (e.g. amphetamine, methylphenidate) may _____ appetite

Answer: suppress

Flashcard 401: Methacoline is a _____ receptor agonist used in the bronchial challenge to help diagnose asthma

Answer: M3

Flashcard 402: Chronic levodopa use can cause an '_____ phenomenon', with periods of akinesia alternating with periods of improved mobility

Answer: on-off

Flashcard 403: What is the effect of M2 muscarinic agonists on heart contractility? _____

Answer: Decreased atrial contractility

Flashcard 404: Aging of the organophosphate-cholinesterase complex leads to _____ binding

Answer: irreversible

Flashcard 405: What catecholamine may be administered to treat acute, severe asthma exacerbation? _____

Answer: Epinephrine

Flashcard 406: Epinephrine causes broncho-_____

Answer: dilation

Flashcard 407: Which anti-muscarinic (tiotropium or ipratropium) is longer-acting? _____

Answer: Tiotropium

Flashcard 408: What is the clinical use for galantamine, rivastagmine, donepezil and tacrine?_____

Answer: Alzheimer's disease

Flashcard 409: What is the clinical use for tramadol? _____

Answer: Chronic pain relief

Flashcard 410: What drug class do benztropine and trihexyphenidyl belong to?_____

Answer: M1 Muscarinic antagonists

Flashcard 411: Terazosin is a _____ receptor antagonist used to treat BPH in patients with hypertension

Answer: non-selective 1

Flashcard 412: Benztropine may be used to treat extrapyramidal side effects caused by _____ drugs (e.g. dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism)

Answer: anti-psychotic

Flashcard 413: What is the effect of M2 muscarinic agonists on conduction velocity? _____

Answer: Decreased CV (AV node)

Flashcard 414: Autonomics _____ is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is less commonly used to treat myasthenia gravis

Answer: Neostigmine

Flashcard 415: Terbutaline is a selective _____ agonist that treats bronchoconstriction in asthma

Answer: 2

Flashcard 416: Treatment of ileus includes bowel rest, electrolyte correction, and _____ drugs (stimulate intestinal motility)

Answer: cholinergic

Flashcard 417: Are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) associated with sexual dysfunction? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 418: Tricyclic antidepressants antagonize the _____ adrenergic receptor

Answer: 1

Flashcard 419: Which "DUMBBELSS" symptom is NOT alleviated by atropine administration in cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?_____

Answer: Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS

Flashcard 420: Does pralidoxime reverse the flaccid paralysis associated with cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 421: In addition to asthma, ipratropium may also be used to treat _____

Answer: COPD

Flashcard 422: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Vortioxetine inhibits the pre-synaptic reuptake of _____

Answer: serotonin (5-HT)

Flashcard 423: Patients who are being infused with norepinephrine and develop rigid induration and pallor around the IV site can be treated with a local injection of _____

Answer: phentolamine

Flashcard 424: Chronic levodopa therapy can cause _____, such as choreoathetosis of the face and distal extremities

Answer: dyskinesias

Flashcard 425: One adverse effect of anti-muscarinics is dry, _____ skin

Answer: flushed

Flashcard 426: Anti-muscarinics may cause acute angle-closure glaucoma due to decreased outflow of aqueous humor, secondary to _____

Answer: mydriasis

Flashcard 427: What drug class do trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine, and chlorpromazine belong to?_____

Answer: Typical antipsychotics (1st generation)

Flashcard 428: Benign prostatic hyperplasia may be treated with a _____ antagonist such as terazosin

Answer: non-selective alpha1

Flashcard 429: What vasoconstrictor is often given with local anesthetics?_____

Answer: Epinephrine

Flashcard 430: Benzodiazepines exert their effects via binding to an allosteric site on the _____ receptor

Answer: GABAA

Flashcard 431: Long-acting 2 agonists (e.g. salmeterol) achieve their long duration due to high _____ solubility

Answer: lipid

Flashcard 432: What type of -blocker is carvedilol? _____

Answer: non-selective 1- and -antagonist

Flashcard 433: One adverse effect of anti-muscarinics is _____, especially in men with prostatic hyperplasia

Answer: urinary retention

Flashcard 434: Isoproterenol causes _____ HR and contractility

Answer: increased

Flashcard 435: What drug class do ipratropium and tiotropium belong to? _____

Answer: Inhaled antimuscarinics

Flashcard 436: Tolcapone _____ dopamine levels in the CNS

Answer: increases

Flashcard 437: Mirtazapine is a selective _____ adrenergic antagonist

Answer: 2

Flashcard 438: Cholinergic stimulation due to digoxin may cause _____ side effects

Answer: GI

Flashcard 439: Autonomics _____ is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that was historically used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

Answer: Edrophonium

Flashcard 440: Which two -blockers have partial agonist activity? _____

Answer: Acebutolol and pindolol

Flashcard 441: Do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors enhance ACh activity at muscarinic or nicotinic receptors? _____

Answer: Both

Flashcard 442: What type of adrenergic receptor is found on the renal afferent and efferent arterioles? _____

Answer: 1-adrenergic receptors

Flashcard 443: What effect does atropine have on the stomach acid secretion?_____

Answer: Decreased acid secretion

Flashcard 444: Typical antipsychotics are associated with _____, such as acute dystonia, akithisia, and Parkinsonism

Answer: extrapyramidal symptoms

Flashcard 445: What effect do anti-muscarinics have on accommodation? _____

Answer: Inhibition (cycloplegia)

Flashcard 446: Treatment of cystic fibrosis includes _____, a 2 agonist

Answer: albuterol

Flashcard 447: Anti-cholinergic medication effects (ie: TCAs) can result in a _____ compound muscle action potential following motor nerve stimulation

Answer: no change in

Flashcard 448: Which cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning antidote reverses the central muscarinic effects?_____

Answer: Atropine

Flashcard 449: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Phase _____ of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade is characterized as repolarized but blocked

Answer: II

Flashcard 450: Is carbachol a muscarinic or nicotinic Ach agonist? _____

Answer: Both

Flashcard 451: Oxybutynin and tolterodine are primarily used to treat _____

Answer: urgency incontinence (overactive bladder)

Flashcard 452: Cholinomimetics _____ acetylcholine receptors are found in effector tissues (e.g. heart, smooth muscle, brain, glands)

Answer: Muscarinic (Muscarinic or Nicotinergic?)

Flashcard 453: Do organophosphates (e.g. parathion) reversibly or irreversibly inhibit AChE? _____

Answer: Irreversibly (with time)

Flashcard 454: Typical antipsychotics exert their effects by blocking the _____ receptor

Answer: D2 dopamine

Flashcard 455: Levodopa and other Parkinson therapies are contraindicated in _____ patients

Answer: psychotic

Flashcard 456: Is phentolamine (-blocker) selective or non-selective? _____

Answer: Non-selective

Flashcard 457: Rank the following receptors for affinity to dobutamine, from highest to lowest: 1, 2, _____

Answer: 1 > 2 >

Flashcard 458: Carbidopa _____ the neuropsychiatric side effects of levodopa

Answer: exacerbates

Flashcard 459: Isoproterenol causes _____ mean arterial pressure

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 460: What drug class does donepezil belong to?_____

Answer: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Flashcard 461: What G-protein is the M3 muscarinic receptor coupled to? _____

Answer: Gq

Flashcard 462: Pilocarpine is a potent _____ of tears, sweat, and salivary secretion

Answer: stimulator

Flashcard 463: Homatropine is _____ antagonist used as a cycloplegic / mydriatic

Answer: muscarinic (general class)

Flashcard 464: One adverse effect of anti-muscarinics (e.g. atropine) is _____ (HR)

Answer: tachycardia

Flashcard 465: Are anti-cholinergic effects more common with high or low potency typical antipsychotics? _____

Answer: Low potency

Flashcard 466: Methylphenidate is an amphetamine derivative used to treat _____

Answer: ADHD

Flashcard 467: Rank the following receptors for affinity to norepinephrine, from highest to lowest: 1, 1, 2, _____

Answer: 1> 2 > 1

Flashcard 468: Activation of the 1 adrenergic receptor may cause urinary _____

Answer: retention

Keywords: Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards

Study by Chapter

Acetylcholine receptors and function

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Cholinergic agonists (direct and indirect)

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Muscarinic antagonists

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Nicotinic antagonists

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Neuromuscular blocking agents

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Adrenergic receptor subtypes

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Alpha-adrenergic agonists

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Beta-adrenergic agonists

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Alpha-adrenergic antagonists

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Beta-adrenergic antagonists

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Sympathomimetics

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Autonomic drug interactions

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Clinical applications in autonomic disorders

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Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs — Flashcards

Cholinergic/Adrenergic drugs — Flashcards

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