Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 2451: What toxin presents with reversal of hot and cold sensations?_____

Answer: Ciguatoxin

Flashcard 2452: On an FA/FI (alveolar to inspired concentration) curve, does an inhaled anesthetic with **high blood solubility** show a fast or slow rate of rise?

Answer: High (e.g., halothane)

Extra: High blood solubility means the blood acts as a large reservoir, "soaking up" the anesthetic and delaying the rise in alveolar partial pressure (FA). Therefore, higher solubility results in a slower rate of rise in the FA/FI ratio and slower induction.

Flashcard 2453: What drug class do cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam belong to?

Answer: Bile acid resins

Flashcard 2454: Life-threatening effects of MDMA (ecstasy) include _____ syndrome

Answer: serotonin

Flashcard 2455: Acetaminophen exerts its effects via _____ inhibition of cyclooxygenase (reversible or irreversible)

Answer: reversible

Flashcard 2456: What drug class do alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase belong to? _____

Answer: Thrombolytics (recombinant tPA)

Flashcard 2457: Etanercept works by complexing with TNF-a and inducing _____ of the complex

Answer: phagocytosis

Flashcard 2458: What adverse effect is characteristically associated with **streptokinase** (due to its bacterial origin)?

Answer: Hypersensitivity / allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis)

Extra: Streptokinase is a protein produced by beta-hemolytic streptococci. Because it is a foreign bacterial protein, it is antigenic and can induce antibody production. This leads to two main issues: 1. **Hypersensitivity reactions:** Range from simple rashes/fever to life-threatening anaphylaxis. 2. **Neutralization:** Pre-existing antibodies (from prior streptococcal infections or previous streptokinase use) can neutralize the drug, making it less effective. Recombinant human tPA (e.g., alteplase) does not carry this risk of antigenicity.

Flashcard 2459: Which class of diabetic drugs is associated with increased risk of heart failure as a possible side effect?_____

Answer: Thiazolidinediones

Flashcard 2460: What effect does dobutamine have on HR and contractility? _____

Answer: Increased HR and contractility (β₁ agonist)