Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 2021: Cilostazol causes coronary artery vasodilation, which may result in _____ syndrome

Answer: coronary steal

Flashcard 2022: One factor that predisposes to digoxin toxicity is _____, which increases binding of digoxin to Na+-K+ ATPase

Answer: hypokalemia

Flashcard 2023: **Methotrexate** must be monitored with LFTs because chronic use increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis and _____.

Answer: cirrhosis (hepatic fibrosis)

Extra: Methotrexate is a folate antagonist (inhibits dihydrofolate reductase) used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain malignancies. Chronic use is associated with hepatotoxicity, specifically the development of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, which necessitates periodic monitoring of liver function tests (LFTs). It is also associated with myelosuppression and pulmonary fibrosis.

Flashcard 2024: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) _____ is a purine nucleoside with antiarrhythmic properties

Answer: Adenosine

Flashcard 2025: Methadone and buprenorphine are useful for opioid detoxication due to their _____ half lives

Answer: long

Flashcard 2026: What T3 hormone analog is used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema?

Answer: Liothyronine

Extra: Levothyroxine is the T4 analog (drug of choice for hypothyroidism). Liothyronine is the T3 analog (faster onset, used in myxedema coma).

Flashcard 2027: What is a serious complication of vaptans (e.g. tolvaptan, conivaptan) that may occur if SIADH-induced hyponatremia is corrected too quickly? _____

Answer: Central pontine myelinolysis (osmotic demyelination syndrome)

Flashcard 2028: Adverse effects of suvorexant include CNS depression, headache, dizziness, abnormal dreams, and _____ infection

Answer: upper respiratory tract

Flashcard 2029: Are anti-alpha-1 effects more common with high- or low-potency typical antipsychotics?

Answer: Low potency

Flashcard 2030: The most common side effect of metformin is _____

Answer: GI upset (e.g. nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)