Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 1541: What is the mechanism of OCP that reduces the risk of endometrial cancer? _____

Answer: Progestin counteracts estrogen's effect on endometrial proliferation

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1542: NSAIDs should not be used for treatment of gout in patients taking _____ or who have renal insufficiency

Answer: anticoagulants (e.g. aspirin, clopidogrel, apixaban)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1543: Dihydropyridine CCBs may be used to treat _____, which is an exaggerated vascular response to cold temperature or emotional stress

Answer: Raynaud's phenomenon

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/other-connective-tissue/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1544: What drugs are associated with the followings? -cGMP-dependent protein kinase -Janus tyrosine kinase -Phosphodiesterase -Protein kinase A -Tyrosine-specific protein kinase

Answer: cGMP-dependent protein kinase: smooth muscle relaxation. Sildenafil (viagra) could inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase to cause smooth muscle relaxation, to tx erectile dysfunction. -Janus tyrosine kinase: GH, (PIGGLET) -Phosphodiesterase: could inhibit cGMP, cAMP. Sildenafil could inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase, lead to high cGMP. Theophyline could inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase, which will lead to high cAMP to cause bonchodilation in asthma. -Protein kinase A: Glucagon (FLAT champ) -Tyrosine specific protein kinsase: Insulin

Flashcard 1545: 34 y/o industry worker experiences rapid-onset shortness of breath. dizziness, palpitations & flushed skin after accidental exposure to chemical fumes. -Examination: tachypneic, reddish discoloration of the skin withou cyanosis. -Patient is immidiately instructed to inhale amyl nitrite from the safety kit. -The success of this antidote is dependent upon its ability to convert hemoglobin into a from with increased affinity for which substances?

Answer: Cyanide Fe2+ (hemoglobin) -------> Fe3+ (methemoglobin), which loves to bind to Cyanide, By Nitrates. Bind tyghtly to cyanide. Causes dusky discoloration to skin. Cannot carry oxygen.

Flashcard 1546: Cyclosporine can cause arthropathy by causing hyper_____

Answer: uricemia

Flashcard 1547: What teratogenic effect is associated with valproic acid? _____

Answer: Neural tube defects (e.g. spina bifida)

Flashcard 1548: Mycophenolate mofetil is used prophylactically to reduce _____

Answer: transplant rejection

Flashcard 1549: Neuro/Psych _____ is a precursor of dopamine that does cross the blood-brain-barrier

Answer: Levodopa (L-DOPA)

Flashcard 1550: What toxin is found in spoiled dark-meat fish (e.g. tuna, mahi-mahi, mackerel, bonito)?_____

Answer: Histamine (scombroid poisoning)