Neoplasia US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Neoplasia with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Neoplasia Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 491: The aggregates of neoplastic cells in the epidermis seen with mycosis fungoides are called _____
Answer: Pautrier microabscesses
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=11]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki
Atlas:
Other:
Flashcard 492: Which thyroid malignancy may arise sporadically or from progression of papillary or follicular carcinoma?
_____
Answer: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Extra:
*May arise from papillary or follicular carcinoma via p53 gene mutations
Watch Thyroid Nodules & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-thyroid-nodules-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 493: In the treatment of Giant Cell Tumor Of Bone, Denosumab works by binding _____, which inhibits the recruitment and activation of multinucleated giant cells.
Answer: RANKL
Extra: Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody against RANKL; it mimics the action of osteoprotegerin.
Note: In Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (GCTOB), the neoplastic stromal cells express RANKL, which then recruits and activates the reactive multinucleated giant cells (which express RANK).
Links:
- [Sketchy Pharmacology: Denosumab](https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin)
- [OnlineMedEd: Immunology](https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki)
Flashcard 494: Is polycythemia vera associated with JAK2 mutations?
_____
Answer: Yes
Extra:
* V617F is the most common mutation
Watch Myeloproliferative Neoplasms & Myelodysplastic Syndromes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-myeloid-disorders-myeloproliferative-neoplasms-and-myelodysplastic-syndromes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
Watch Polycythemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-myeloid-disorders-myeloproliferative-neoplasms-and-myelodysplastic-syndromes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/plasma-cell-dyscrasias-and-myeloproliferative-disease?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki
Other:
Flashcard 495: Females with BRCA1 mutations have increased risk for which types of cancer?
_____
Answer: Breast, ovarian, and fallopian tube
Extra:
- These are involved in mediating dsDNA repair; BRCA 1 & 2 MCC familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Watch Breast Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-breast-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 496: The MYCC _____ encodes for the nuclear regulator c-myc, which stimulates cell cycle progression
Answer: proto-oncogene
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 497: A malignant mesenchymal tumor is a(n) _____
Answer: sarcoma
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video: https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=3
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/cytoskeleton/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 498: _____ tumors have features in between benign and malignant
Answer: Borderline
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 499: Renal cell carcinoma commonly invades into the _____ (blood vessel)
Answer: renal vein
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 500: What is the prognosis of medulloblastoma?
_____
Answer: Poor
Extra:
Watch Pediatric CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-pediatric-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/pediatric-brain-tumors?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Medulloblastoma
T2-weighted cranial MRI (axial view) of a 7-year-old boy: isodense round lesion with hyperintense sections in the fourth ventricle (green overlay); grossly diminished gyration of the cerebellum (C). (P = poorly demarcated pons region; B = basilar artery, CS = external CSF space)
Medulloblastoma
T1-weighed cranial MRI of a 6-year-old child presenting with features of increased intracranial pressure (midsagittal section with contrast)
There is a large hypointense mass occupying the third (upper yellow overlay) and fourth (lower yellow overlay) ventricles that is causing obstructive hydrocephalus (pink overlay).
The pink overlay also highlights the leakage of CSF into the periventricular space (transependymal edema) and into the occipital lobe due to the increased intraventricular pressure.
This appearance of a fourth ventricular mass in a child is characteristic of medulloblastoma.
Medulloblastoma
Cranial MRI (T1-weighted, with contrast)
There is a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. It features solid parts (green overlay) and cystic parts (red overlay).
Location and appearance are typical of a medulloblastoma.
(D: diencephalon; P: pons; C: cerebellum; yellow outline: cerebellar tentorium)
Medulloblastoma
Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain)
Densely packed, small, blue anaplastic cells are present throughout the specimen. The cells have pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei.
On the right, a vessel (its lumen mostly obstructed by eosinophilic material) can be seen.
These are typical histopathological findings of medulloblastoma.
Medulloblastoma
Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain)
Numerous small, blue, round cells with scant cytoplasm can be seen throughout the specimen (classic examples: arrows, green overlay). Their nuclei vary in size and structure (nuclear pleomorphism) and many cells feature distinctly hyperchromatic nuclei.
The majority of the cells are arranged in concentric clusters around lighter central areas consisting of neuropil (examples: dashed outlines and yellow overlay, magnified area). These clusters are referred to as Homer Wright rosettes.
These histopathological features, particularly the Homer Wright rosettes, are characteristic of a medulloblastoma.
Atlas:
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