Neoplasia US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Neoplasia with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Neoplasia Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 21: Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina is associated with:
Answer: Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero
Extra: Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix is associated with in utero exposure to DES. It may also be preceded by vaginal adenosis.
Flashcard 22: What is the underlying pathology of inflammatory breast carcinoma?
Answer: Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma cells.
Extra: Mechanism: Blockage of lymphatics leading to lymphedema.
Clinical feature: Peau d'orange (orange peel appearance).
Prognosis: Poor.
Flashcard 23: What are the characteristic pathological features and prognosis of medullary carcinoma of the breast?
Answer: Fleshy, cellular, lymphocytic infiltrate; good prognosis.
Extra: Medullary carcinoma of the breast is often associated with BRCA1 mutations. Despite its high-grade nuclear features, it typically has a better prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma, NOS, partly due to the prominent lymphoplasmacytic host response.
Flashcard 24: What is the characteristic histological finding in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast?
Answer: orderly rows of cells in "Indian file" (due to loss of E-cadherin)
Extra: Invasive lobular carcinoma often presents with bilateral and multicentric involvement. The characteristic histopathology shows single-file (Indian file) pattern with signet ring cells.
Flashcard 25: _____ is the worst and most common of all breast cancers.
Answer: Invasive ductal carcinoma
Flashcard 26: What are the classic gross and microscopic features of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast?
Answer: Firm, fibrous, "rock-hard" mass with stellate morphology.
Extra: - Most common type of breast cancer.
- Histology: Small, glandular, duct-like cells in a dense desmoplastic stroma.
- Physical Exam: Sharp/irregular margins; may cause skin dimpling or nipple retraction.
- Prognosis: Generally poor compared to other types due to high invasiveness.
Flashcard 27: What is comedocarcinoma?
Answer: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with central necrosis.
Extra: Comedocarcinoma is a subtype of DCIS characterized by high-grade nuclei and extensive central 'comedo-like' necrosis that may undergo calcification. Although the debris resembles caseous necrosis, it is technically necrotic tumor cells.
Flashcard 28: From which structure does Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) typically arise?
Answer: Usually arises from the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) and is a precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma.
Extra: DCIS is characterized by a malignant clonal proliferation of epithelial cells limited to ducts and lobules by the basement membrane (no basement membrane penetration). It is often detected as microcalcifications on mammography.
Flashcard 29: Malignant breast tumors are most often located in the _____ quadrant of the breast.
Answer: upper-outer
Flashcard 30: Some breast cancers overexpress _____, _____, and _____ receptors.
Answer: estrogen
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