Neoplasia US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Neoplasia with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Neoplasia Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 11: What is Sarcoma botryoides?
Answer: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (Variant) / Grape-like mass protruding from the vagina
Extra: Classic presentation: Girls < 4 years old.
Pathology: Spindle-shaped tumor cells, desmin positive.
Key feature: Cambium layer (dense subepithelial layer of tumor cells).
Flashcard 12: What is the alternative name and tissue of origin for a Sertoli cell tumor?
Answer: Androblastoma (Sex cord-stromal tumor)
Extra: Sertoli cell tumors are rare, usually benign sex cord-stromal tumors. While "androblastoma" often refers to Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, it is sometimes used for pure Sertoli cell tumors as well. They can be associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
Flashcard 13: What are the characteristic clinical presentations and histological findings associated with Leydig cell tumors?
Answer: Clinical: Gynecomastia (men), precocious puberty (boys)
Histo: Reinke crystals
Extra: Leydig cell tumors are sex cord-stromal tumors. They often produce androgens (causing precocious puberty) or estrogens (causing gynecomastia). Reinke crystals are pathognomonic eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions.
Flashcard 14: Testicular germ cell tumors account for _____% while testicular non-germ cell tumors account for _____% of all tumors.
Answer: 95
Flashcard 15: Testicular germ cell tumors are usually _____ while testicular non-germ cell tumors are usually _____.
Answer: malignant
Flashcard 16: Clinical presentation of Embryonal Carcinoma of the testis?
Answer: Painful testicular mass
Extra: Embryonal carcinoma is a malignant germ cell tumor. It often shows glandular/papillary patterns and is frequently mixed with other tumor types. Unlike seminoma, it often presents with hemorrhage and necrosis.
Flashcard 17: Seminoma (Testicular tumor) characteristics:
Answer: Malignant germ cell tumor; most common testicular tumor in young men (15-35 years).
Extra: • Presentation: Painless, homogenous testicular enlargement.
• Histology: Large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and "fried egg" appearance with lymphocytic infiltrate.
• Marker: Increased Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP).
• Prognosis: Excellent; highly radiosensitive.
• Note: Does not produce hCG or AFP (though syncytiotrophoblasts occasionally produce trace hCG).
Flashcard 18: Prostatic adenocarcinoma most often arise from the _____ lobe of the prostate.
Answer: posterior
Flashcard 19: What are the characteristic PSA findings and common site of metastasis in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma?
Answer: Increased total PSA and decreased free/total PSA ratio; spreads to bone via osteoblastic metastases.
Extra: - Men > 50 years old
- Arises from peripheral zone
- Diagnosis: Digital rectal exam, PSA, and Transrectal needle biopsy
- PSA > 10 ng/mL is highly suggestive.
- PSA density and PSA velocity are other useful metrics.
- Osteoblastic (sclerotic) bone metastases are characteristic.
Flashcard 20: Clinical presentation and significance of Paget's disease of the breast?
Answer: Eczematous patches on areola/nipple; suggests underlying DCIS (or invasive carcinoma).
Extra: Paget cells: Large cells in the epidermis with a clear halo. Unlike melanoma, Paget cells are PAS+, diastase resistant, and mucicarmine positive.
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