Neoplasia US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Neoplasia with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Neoplasia Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 251: Renal cell carcinoma often originates from the _____ cells of the nephron
Answer: PCT
Extra:
Watch Renal Cell Carcinoma & Nephroblastoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-renal-cancer-renal-cell-carcinoma-and-nephroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Atlas:
Flashcard 252: CML is distinguished from a leukemoid reaction (benign neutrophilia) by a(n) negative _____ stain
Answer: leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP)
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=3]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/myeloproliferative-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Other:
helps distinguish CML from leukemoid reaction (high LAP)
Flashcard 253: Embryonal carcinoma is a non-seminoma germ cell tumor and therefore has a relatively _____ prognosis
Answer: worse
Extra:
** far more common in testes than ovaries
Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 254: Metastasis of medulloblastomas to the _____ is termed "drop metastasis"
Answer: spinal cord
Extra:
* Medulloblastoma in 4th ventricle may send "drop metastasis" (cells "fall down" central canal in CSF) to spinal cord
Watch Pediatric CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-pediatric-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/pediatric-brain-tumors?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Medulloblastoma
T2-weighted cranial MRI (axial view) of a 7-year-old boy: isodense round lesion with hyperintense sections in the fourth ventricle (green overlay); grossly diminished gyration of the cerebellum (C). (P = poorly demarcated pons region; B = basilar artery, CS = external CSF space)
Medulloblastoma
T1-weighed cranial MRI of a 6-year-old child presenting with features of increased intracranial pressure (midsagittal section with contrast)
There is a large hypointense mass occupying the third (upper yellow overlay) and fourth (lower yellow overlay) ventricles that is causing obstructive hydrocephalus (pink overlay).
The pink overlay also highlights the leakage of CSF into the periventricular space (transependymal edema) and into the occipital lobe due to the increased intraventricular pressure.
This appearance of a fourth ventricular mass in a child is characteristic of medulloblastoma.
Medulloblastoma
Cranial MRI (T1-weighted, with contrast)
There is a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. It features solid parts (green overlay) and cystic parts (red overlay).
Location and appearance are typical of a medulloblastoma.
(D: diencephalon; P: pons; C: cerebellum; yellow outline: cerebellar tentorium)
Medulloblastoma
Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain)
Densely packed, small, blue anaplastic cells are present throughout the specimen. The cells have pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei.
On the right, a vessel (its lumen mostly obstructed by eosinophilic material) can be seen.
These are typical histopathological findings of medulloblastoma.
Medulloblastoma
Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain)
Numerous small, blue, round cells with scant cytoplasm can be seen throughout the specimen (classic examples: arrows, green overlay). Their nuclei vary in size and structure (nuclear pleomorphism) and many cells feature distinctly hyperchromatic nuclei.
The majority of the cells are arranged in concentric clusters around lighter central areas consisting of neuropil (examples: dashed outlines and yellow overlay, magnified area). These clusters are referred to as Homer Wright rosettes.
These histopathological features, particularly the Homer Wright rosettes, are characteristic of a medulloblastoma.
Atlas:
Flashcard 255: _____ is a malignancy of the lung pleura that is highly associated with asbestosis
Answer: Mesothelioma
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=8]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Left-sided pleural effusion in pleural mesothelioma (1/2)
Chest x-ray (PA view)
Extensive opacification is visible in the middle and lower lung fields of the left hemithorax with a meniscus-shaped margin.
This is a typical finding of pleural effusion.
Flashcard 256: Which of the following types of tumors invade locally and have the potential to metastasize?
_____
Answer: Malignant
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 257: On histology, what is seen in well-differentiated (organized) hepatocellular carcinoma?
_____
Answer: Bile-containing pseudocanaliculi
Extra:
* Unlabeled histology picture- Malignant hepatocytes growing in distorted versions of normal architecture, including dilated bile canaliculi and thickened hepatocyte trabeculae
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 258: Is medulloblastoma typically seen in adults or children?
_____
Answer: Children
Extra:
Watch Pediatric CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-pediatric-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/pediatric-brain-tumors?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Medulloblastoma
T2-weighted cranial MRI (axial view) of a 7-year-old boy: isodense round lesion with hyperintense sections in the fourth ventricle (green overlay); grossly diminished gyration of the cerebellum (C). (P = poorly demarcated pons region; B = basilar artery, CS = external CSF space)
Medulloblastoma
T1-weighed cranial MRI of a 6-year-old child presenting with features of increased intracranial pressure (midsagittal section with contrast)
There is a large hypointense mass occupying the third (upper yellow overlay) and fourth (lower yellow overlay) ventricles that is causing obstructive hydrocephalus (pink overlay).
The pink overlay also highlights the leakage of CSF into the periventricular space (transependymal edema) and into the occipital lobe due to the increased intraventricular pressure.
This appearance of a fourth ventricular mass in a child is characteristic of medulloblastoma.
Medulloblastoma
Cranial MRI (T1-weighted, with contrast)
There is a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. It features solid parts (green overlay) and cystic parts (red overlay).
Location and appearance are typical of a medulloblastoma.
(D: diencephalon; P: pons; C: cerebellum; yellow outline: cerebellar tentorium)
Medulloblastoma
Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain)
Densely packed, small, blue anaplastic cells are present throughout the specimen. The cells have pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei.
On the right, a vessel (its lumen mostly obstructed by eosinophilic material) can be seen.
These are typical histopathological findings of medulloblastoma.
Medulloblastoma
Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain)
Numerous small, blue, round cells with scant cytoplasm can be seen throughout the specimen (classic examples: arrows, green overlay). Their nuclei vary in size and structure (nuclear pleomorphism) and many cells feature distinctly hyperchromatic nuclei.
The majority of the cells are arranged in concentric clusters around lighter central areas consisting of neuropil (examples: dashed outlines and yellow overlay, magnified area). These clusters are referred to as Homer Wright rosettes.
These histopathological features, particularly the Homer Wright rosettes, are characteristic of a medulloblastoma.
Atlas:
Flashcard 259: What form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by a t(14;18) translocation and histology showing back-to-back follicles?
_____
Answer: Follicular lymphoma
Extra: Watch Non Hodgkin Lymphoma: https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-non-hodgkin-lymphoma
Watch associated Bootcamp video: https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=8
OnlineMedEd: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire
Flashcard 260: The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) sits on chromosome _____
Answer: 14
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Keywords: Neoplasia flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
