Neoplasia — Flashcards

Flashcard 231: Small (oat) cell lung carcinoma may produce the anterior pituitary hormone _____ leading to _____

Answer: ACTH

Extra: *cushion is in front of the table --> anterior pituitary

Flashcard 232: Rhabdomyoblasts are spindle-shaped cells that sometimes exhibit cytoplasmic _____

Answer: cross-striations

Extra: * rare malignant mesenchymal proliferation of immature skeletal muscle Sarcoma botryoides Photomicrograph of a section from a bladder tumor biopsy from a child (H&E stain; approx. 550x magnification) The spindle-shaped cell (yellow overlay) with transverse striations and two nuclei (red overlay) is a skeletal muscle cell. The surrounding hypercellular stroma and the numerous mitotic figures indicate that this tumor is malignant. Sarcoma botryoides is a type of rhabdomyosarcoma that almost exclusively affects the bladder and vagina of infants. The presence of skeletal muscle cells in a pediatric bladder tumor tissue is a common feature of sarcoma botryoides.

Flashcard 233: Which two serum markers are often elevated in prostatic adenocarcinoma? _____

Answer: PSA and PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase)

Extra: * not to be confused with ALP, which is a separate marker due to osteoblastic metastases

Flashcard 234: When performing Immunohistochemistry; a(n) _____ stain can be used to identify neuroblastomas, medulloblastomas, retinoblastomas

Answer: Neurofilament

Flashcard 235: What receptor is expressed by meningiomas? _____

Answer: Progesterone receptors

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 236: Up to 25% of cases of pheochromocytoma are associated with germline mutations, including _____, VHL, and RET (MEN2A/2B)

Answer: NF-1

Extra: * "2 MEN" sign = MEN 2A & 2B associated with pheochromocytoma Atlas: Other:

Flashcard 237: _____ is a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that develops rapidly and regresses spontaneously

Answer: Keratoacanthoma

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 238: Chondrosarcomas, Ewing sarcomas, and Osteosarcomas commonly metastasize to which location? _____

Answer: Lungs (hematogenously)

Flashcard 239: Which type of **thyroid carcinoma** is an undifferentiated tumor that typically occurs in **elderly** patients and has a very poor prognosis? _____

Answer: Anaplastic carcinoma

Extra: Anaplastic carcinoma often presents with rapid growth and local invasion, leading to symptoms like dysphagia or hoarseness. Histologically, it may show pleomorphic giant cells or spindle cells.

Flashcard 240: Tumor _____ defines the degree of localization/spread

Answer: staging