Endocrinology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Secondary sexual characters appear normal in the following: No answer _____

Answer: :)

Flashcard 2: Diagnosis of parathyroid disease summary: no answer _____

Answer: :)

Flashcard 3: 1. Identify → _____ 2. Use → _____

Answer: Insulin Syringe

Extra: y

Flashcard 4: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a result of decreased levels of _____, causing increased ACTH secretion via negative feedback

Answer: cortisol

Flashcard 5: _____ diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia with an inability to concentrate urine due to lack of ADH

Answer: Central

Flashcard 6: Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma causes _____ (adults) or gigantism (children)

Answer: acromegaly

Flashcard 7: Growth hormone cell adenoma presents as _____ in adults

Answer: acromegaly

Flashcard 8: A defective androgen receptor presents with _____ testosterone and increased LH

Answer: increased

Flashcard 9: Growth hormone cell adenoma presents as _____ in children due to increased linear bone growth

Answer: gigantism

Flashcard 10: Features of MEN 4 include (similar to MEN 1): Parathyroid adenoma, Pituitary adenoma, _____ tumors and Adrenal + renal tumors

Answer: Reproductive organ

Flashcard 11: _____ is the most common cause of isolated elevated alkaline phosphatase in patients > 40 years old

Answer: Paget disease of bone

Flashcard 12: In treating SIADH, _____tonic saline is given when treating a patient with severe symptoms, and isotonic saline is given for mild symptoms

Answer: hyper

Flashcard 13: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal _____ may be used to treat acromegaly and gigantism if symptoms persist after trans-sphenoidal resection

Answer: Octreotide (somatostatin analog)

Flashcard 14: SIADH is characterized by _____ (volume) hyponatremia (Na+ level) with continued urinary Na+ excretion

Answer: euvolemic

Flashcard 15: MEN _____ is also called as Sipple syndrome

Answer: 2A

Flashcard 16: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with _____, which may cause type II diabetes mellitus 10-15 years later

Answer: insulin resistance

Flashcard 17: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism presents with _____ testosterone/estrogen and decreased LH

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 18: The _____ phenomenon describes thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) in a patient with iodine deficiency who is made iodine replete

Answer: Jod-Basedow

Flashcard 19: MEN _____ is associated with pancreatic endocrine tumors, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma), insulinomas, VIPomas, and glucagonomas (rare)

Answer: 1

Flashcard 20: One clinical feature of Cushing syndrome is _____, which is a result of an upregulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors, causing increased sensitivity of blood vessels to catecholamines

Answer: hypertension

Flashcard 21: Pendred syndrome presents as _____ hearing loss and goitre with hypothyroidism

Answer: sensorineural

Flashcard 22: What is the state of the adrenal glands in Cushing syndrome due to primary adrenal adenoma, hyperplasia, or carcinoma (hyperplasia, atrophy; one, both)?_____

Answer: Atrophy of the uninvolved gland

Flashcard 23: Clinical features of _____ include moon facies, buffalo hump, and truncal obesity due to increased fat storage, secondary to excess insulin

Answer: Cushing syndrome

Flashcard 24: What HLA subtypes are associated with Addison disease? _____, DR3, and DR4

Answer: B8

Flashcard 25: The glucocorticoids are administered _____ initiating thyroid replacement because thyroid hormones can precipitate acute adrenal insufficiency.

Answer: before

Flashcard 26: Does hypothyroidism present with hypo- or hyper-cholesterolemia? Why?_____

Answer: Hypercholesterolemia

Flashcard 27: _____ tumors are testicular sex cord stromal tumors that produce estrogens or androgens, causing gynecomastia (men) or precocious puberty (boys)

Answer: Leydig cell

Flashcard 28: What is the level of ACTH in Addison disease? Why?_____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 29: _____ diabetes insipidus is caused by failure of the posterior pituitary to secrete ADH

Answer: Central

Flashcard 30: One clinical feature of Cushing syndrome is _____ which is a result of impaired collagen synthesis, allowing blood vessels to rupture easily

Answer: abdominal striae

Flashcard 31: The _____ sign is carpopedal spasm upon inflation of a blood pressure cuff; it is an indicator of hypocalcemia

Answer: Trousseau

Flashcard 32: 17-hydroxylase deficiency presents with _____ (K+) and hypertension (blood pressure)

Answer: hypokalemia

Flashcard 33: Pituitary apoplexy presents with sudden onset severe _____ with visual impairment (bitemporal hemianopsia, diplopia) and features of hypopituitarism

Answer: headache

Flashcard 34: _____ hyperaldosteronism is characterized by high aldosterone and high renin

Answer: Secondary

Flashcard 35: Which endocrinopathy can present with depression?_____

Answer: Addison's

Flashcard 36: Hypoparathyroidism is most commonly a result of _____, or less commonly may be autoimmune or congenital

Answer: thyroid surgery

Flashcard 37: The _____ suppression test is useful in patients with hypercortisolism

Answer: dexamethasone

Flashcard 38: Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess can be treated with _____ or corticosteroids

Answer: K+ sparing diuretics

Flashcard 39: The very low serum Na+ concentration in SIADH can lead to _____ edema and seizures

Answer: cerebral

Flashcard 40: Symptomatic patients with insulinoma have _____ blood glucose and high C-peptide levels

Answer: low

Flashcard 41: In secondary/tertiary adrenal insufficiency, the metyrapone stimulation test results are _____ ACTH with decreased 11-deoxycortisol

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 42: Decreased muscle mass and proximal limb weakness in Cushing syndrome is due to atrophy of _____-twitch (type 2) muscle fibres

Answer: fast

Flashcard 43: Hyperaldosteronism presents as _____ (blood pressure) with hypernatremia (Na+), hypokalemia (K+), and metabolic alkalosis (H+)

Answer: hypertension

Flashcard 44: Symptoms of Sheehan syndrome include poor _____, loss of pubic hair, and fatigue

Answer: lactation

Flashcard 45: Type _____ familial dyslipidemia presents with tuberoeruptive xanthomas, xanthelasmas and palmar xanthomas

Answer: III

Flashcard 46: What is the level of insulin in a patient with type 2 diabetes (elevated, decreased, normal)? _____

Answer: Variable

Flashcard 47: Gynecomastia is associated with increased levels of _____ (e.g. cirrhosis), decreased levels of androgens (ex Klinefelter syndrome), or testicular tumors (ex. Leydig cell tumor)

Answer: estrogen

Flashcard 48: _____ insufficiency occurs when there is insufficient CRH (uncommon) or insufficient ACTH

Answer: Secondary adrenocortical

Flashcard 49: One clinical feature of Addison disease is _____, due to increased levels of MSH secondary to elevated ACTH

Answer: hyperpigmentation

Flashcard 50: Kallmann syndrome presents as _____ in males and amenorrhea in females; anosmia may be present in both sexes

Answer: infertility

Flashcard 51: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a, or Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, is due to a defective _____ protein in the kidney and bone, which causes end-organ resistance to PTH

Answer: Gs

Flashcard 52: In primary adrenal insufficiency, the metyrapone stimulation test results are _____ ACTH with decreased 11-deoxycortisol

Answer: increased

Flashcard 53: Patients taking exogenous testosterone can develop hormone imbalances, resulting in _____ testes, low sperm count, and gynecomastia

Answer: small

Flashcard 54: Treatment of Conn syndrome consists of administration of an _____ antagonist, such as spironolactone, followed by removal of the aldosterone-secreting tumor

Answer: aldosterone

Flashcard 55: In patients with normal adrenal function, the metyrapone stimulation test results are _____ ACTH and increased 11-deoxycortisol

Answer: increased

Flashcard 56: Up to 25% of cases of pheochromocytoma are associated with germline mutations, including _____, VHL, and RET (MEN2A/2B)

Answer: NF-1

Flashcard 57: Nelson syndrome presents with symptoms of both mass effect and elevated ACTH, including _____, headaches, and bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer: hyperpigmentation

Flashcard 58: 11-hydroxylase deficiency presents with _____ (K+) and hypertension (blood pressure)

Answer: hypokalemia

Flashcard 59: Acromegaly causes impaired _____ tolerance (i.e. insulin resistance), which may present as secondary diabetes mellitus

Answer: glucose

Flashcard 60: _____parathyroidism can present with proximal myopathy

Answer: Hyper

Flashcard 61: _____ syndrome is an enlargement of existing ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma after bilateral adrenalectomy for refractory Cushing disease

Answer: Nelson

Flashcard 62: Type _____ familial dyslipidemia is also known as familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer: IIa

Flashcard 63: A patient of _____gonadotropic hypogonadism will have low prolactin levels

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 64: _____ is characterized by a triad of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria

Answer: VIPoma

Flashcard 65: Pituitary adenoma may present with _____ due to compression of the optic chiasm

Answer: bitemporal hemianopsia

Flashcard 66: During selective adrenal vein catheterisation, a significant difference in the _____ ratio on one side indicates unilateral hyperaldosteronism.

Answer: Aldosterone-Cortisol

Flashcard 67: Graves disease is associated with _____ which occurs due to activation of retro-orbital fibroblasts

Answer: exophthalmos

Flashcard 68: What clinical features are seen in 17-hydroxylase deficiency that are a result of decreased androgen levels in females? _____

Answer: Lack of sexual development

Flashcard 69: _____ is the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the skin and soft tissue; it is most often associated with hypothyroidism

Answer: Myxedema

Flashcard 70: Type _____ hyperlipoproteinemia commonly presents with red-orange eruptive/pruritic xanthomas

Answer: I

Flashcard 71: IV _____ insulin is useful in management of diabetic ketoacidosis (T1DM complication)

Answer: regular

Flashcard 72: Type _____ familial dyslipidemia commonly presents with tendinous xanthomas, especially on the Achilles tendon

Answer: II

Flashcard 73: A patient of _____gonadotropic hypogonadism will have high prolactin levels

Answer: hyper

Flashcard 74: The five episodic hyperadrenergic symptoms of a _____ are: 1. Pressure (increased BP) 2. Pain (headache) 3. Perspiration 4. Palpitations (tachycardia) 5. Pallor

Answer: pheochromocytoma

Flashcard 75: _____ is present if three or more of the following five criteria are met, which is given by NCEP-ATP III

Answer: Metabolic syndrome

Flashcard 76: Primary hypogonadism presents with _____ testosterone/estrogen and increased LH

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 77: First fundus examination for type 1 diabetes is done _____ and type 2 at the time of diagnosis.

Answer: after 5 years

Flashcard 78: MEN _____ and 2B are associated with pheochromocytoma (adrenal medulla)

Answer: 2A

Flashcard 79: Type _____ familial dyslipidemia presents with increased levels of LDL, cholesterol and VLDL

Answer: IIb

Flashcard 80: Does hyperthyroidism present with hypo- or hyper-cholesterolemia? Why?_____

Answer: Hypocholesterolemia

Flashcard 81: The Whipple's triad help confirm symptomatic _____ - low blood glucose- symptoms of hypoglycemia- resolution of symptoms after normalization of glucose levels

Answer: hypoglycemia

Flashcard 82: Acromegaly causes enlarged bones in the _____, feet, and jaw

Answer: hands

Flashcard 83: _____ is found in POMC and its fragments, thus, increased levels of POMC and ACTH may lead to skin/mucosal pigmentation (e.g. Addison disease)

Answer: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Flashcard 84: Laron syndrome, or dwarfism, is characterized by _____ GH and decreased IGF-1

Answer: increased

Flashcard 85: In hypothyroidism patients, myxedema commonly affects the _____ (causing deep voice) and tongue (causing enlargement)

Answer: larynx

Flashcard 86: Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain) may initially present with _____, which typically is followed by a brief hypothyroid state

Answer: hyperthyroidism

Flashcard 87: The _____ test may be used to indirectly assess circulating levels of TBG

Answer: T3 resin uptake

Flashcard 88: Patients with _____ may develop hypoventilation from respiratory muscle weakness

Answer: hypothyroidism

Flashcard 89: Abrupt withdrawal of glucocorticoids may cause _____ adrenal insufficiency

Answer: tertiary

Flashcard 90: _____ disease is most commonly caused by autoimmune destruction of all three zones of the adrenal cortex, which causes acute adrenal crisis

Answer: Addison

Flashcard 91: What is the level of ACTH in secondary adrenocortical insufficiency? Why?_____

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 92: Addison disease may present with decreased _____ and libido in females due to decreased levels of androgens

Answer: pubic/axillary hair

Flashcard 93: One possible cause of hypopituitarism is a _____, which is a sudden hemorrhage of the pituitary gland, often in the presence of an existing adenoma

Answer: pituitary apoplexy

Flashcard 94: _____ is a hormone that may be used to treat Prader-Willi syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic disease associated with growth failure, obesity, and carbohydrate intolerance

Answer: Growth hormone

Flashcard 95: Classical form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be either _____ or simple-virilizng type

Answer: salt-wasting

Flashcard 96: _____ is characterised by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to resistance of PTH ONLY at the level of proximal convoluted tubule

Answer: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b

Flashcard 97: Adrenal insufficiency may present with _____ and/or salt cravings due to decreased levels of glucocorticoids +/- mineralocorticoids

Answer: sugar

Flashcard 98: Growth hormone cell adenoma may be diagnosed by elevated serum levels of _____ and/or IGF-1

Answer: growth hormone

Flashcard 99: _____ adrenal insufficiency presents with low cortisol and high ACTH

Answer: Primary

Flashcard 100: _____ syndrome, or primary hyperaldosteronism, is caused by an aldosterone-secreting tumor

Answer: Conn

Flashcard 101: One clinical feature of Cushing syndrome is _____, which is a result of decreased osteoblast activity

Answer: osteoporosis

Flashcard 102: The major symptoms of prolactin excess are _____ and infertility

Answer: galactorrhea

Flashcard 103: Patients with type IV familial dyslipidemia often have triglyceride levels around _____ to 500 mg/dL, which typically is not enough to cause pancreatitis

Answer: 200

Flashcard 104: _____ hyperaldosteronism is characterized by high aldosterone and low renin

Answer: Primary

Flashcard 105: Does hyperthyroidism present with hypo- or hyper-glycemia? Why?_____

Answer: Hyperglycemia

Flashcard 106: 21-hydroxylase deficiency presents with _____ (K+) and hypotension (blood pressure)

Answer: hyperkalemia

Flashcard 107: Diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with _____ respirations, which is rapid/deep breathing to compensate for metabolic acidosis

Answer: Kussmaul

Flashcard 108: Functional pituitary adenoma is rarely from adenoma of _____ and gonadotrophs (FSH, LH)

Answer: thyrotrophs (TSH)

Flashcard 109: Hypocalcemia can lead to _____ and in severe cases lead to seizures

Answer: tetany

Flashcard 110: MEN _____ is associated with pituitary tumors that secrete prolactin or GH

Answer: 1

Flashcard 111: What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?IV _____, insulin, and K+ (to replete intracellular stores)

Answer: fluids

Flashcard 112: _____ adrenal insufficiency is seen in patients with chronic exogenous steroid use, precipitated by abrupt withdrawal

Answer: Tertiary

Flashcard 113: In females, prolactinoma presents as _____ and amenorrhea

Answer: galactorrhea

Flashcard 114: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal _____, a long-acting synthetic analog of ADH, may be used to treat central diabetes insipidus

Answer: Desmospressin (DDAVP)

Flashcard 115: SIADH is a cause of _____-osmotic volume expansion

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 116: Functional pituitary adenoma is less commonly from adenoma of _____ and corticotrophs (ACTH)

Answer: somatotrophs (GH)

Flashcard 117: Depending on the extent of enzyme deficiency, CAH caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency is broadly classified into _____ and non-classic forms

Answer: classic

Flashcard 118: MEN _____ and 2B are associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma (thyroid)

Answer: 2A

Flashcard 119: Most commonly, patients with euthyroid sick syndrome will have:- serum TSH _____- total serum T4 normal- total serum T3 decreased- reverse T3 increased

Answer: normal

Flashcard 120: If a patient has hyper/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, will they have:- Uterus? _____- Breasts? -

Answer: +

Flashcard 121: The levels of TBG and total thyroid hormone are _____ with hepatic failure, steroid use, and nephrotic syndrome

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 122: Somatostatinoma may present with _____ and steatorrhea due to inhibition of secretin and CCK

Answer: gallstones

Flashcard 123: Endocrine (diabetes)_____ is an analog of amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP)

Answer: Pramlintide

Flashcard 124: Type _____ familial dyslipidemia presents with increased levels of LDL and cholesterol

Answer: IIa

Flashcard 125: Physiologic gynecomastia may occur in _____, pubertal, and elderly males

Answer: newborn

Flashcard 126: What demographic is most commonly associated with Graves disease?_____

Answer: Women of childbearing age

Flashcard 127: External causes of hypopituitarism include _____ and radiation

Answer: brain injury

Flashcard 128: What type of endemic cretinism is associated with delayed skeletal maturation and sexual development, severe short stature?_____

Answer: Myxedematous

Flashcard 129: Most common genetic cause for multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD)/panhypopituitarism is the mutation of the _____ gene.

Answer: PROP1

Flashcard 130: Most common site of gastrinoma in MEN 1 syndrome is the _____.

Answer: first and second part of duodenum

Flashcard 131: In a patient with bilateral adrenal adenoma suspected on imaging, the next step would be to do a _____

Answer: bilateral adrenal vein sampling

Flashcard 132: _____thyroidism may cause generalised hyperpigmentation due to  release of pituitary ACTH compensating for accelerated cortisol degradation

Answer: Hyper

Flashcard 133: _____ syndrome is a hyperfunctioning nodule in the setting of a multinodular goitre, producing T4 and causing hyperthyroidism.

Answer: Plummer

Flashcard 134: In _____ CAH, there is partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency, where cortisol and aldosterone are produced normally, but at the expense of producing excess androgens.

Answer: non-classical

Flashcard 135: The 2nd most important factor for the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy is _____.

Answer: glycemic control

Flashcard 136: The best test to differentiate Cushing s disease from Ectopic ACTH production is _____

Answer: Inferior petrosal sinus sampling

Flashcard 137: The most important factor for the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy is the _____.

Answer: duration of diabetes

Flashcard 138: What is the first investigation to be done in a patient with a clinically apparent thyroid swelling?_____

Answer: TFT

Flashcard 139: What is the most common manifestation of MEN1 syndrome?_____

Answer: Primary hyperparathyroidism

Flashcard 140: _____ syndrome has phenotypically normal appearing males with infertility, ambiguous genitalia and undervirilization

Answer: Reifen-Stein

Flashcard 141: _____ syndrome is also called MEN I

Answer: Wermer

Flashcard 142: _____ HPT is hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia post parathyroid resection within a 6 month period

Answer: Persistent

Flashcard 143: Radioactive iodine can be used for rx of primary thyrotoxicosis or autonomous toxic nodule after _____ years

Answer: 45

Flashcard 144: Calcium _____ is the preferred calcium preparation for the emergency treatment of hypocalcemia

Answer: gluconate

Flashcard 145: What is the treatment of choice for De Quervain's Thyroiditis?_____

Answer: NSAIDs

Flashcard 146: Solitary thyroid nodules in younger patients are _____ likely to be neoplastic than those in older patients.

Answer: more

Flashcard 147: What is the most common secreted product of MEN1 syndrome?_____

Answer: Pancreatic polypeptide

Flashcard 148: Which endocrinopathy can present with delirium?_____

Answer: Hypoparathyroidism

Flashcard 149: What is the level of cholesterol in anorexia nervosa?_____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 150: What kind of shock is seen in Addisonian crisis?_____

Answer: Distributive

Flashcard 151: Cardiomegaly and asymptomatic pericardial _____ are seen in congenital hypothyroidism

Answer: effusion

Flashcard 152: Thyroid acropachy is seen with _____thyroidism

Answer: hyper and hypo (hypo/hyper)

Flashcard 153: _____ HPT is hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia occuring after 6 month period of documented normocalcemia

Answer: Recurrent

Flashcard 154: What is the first step in a patient presenting with recurrent or persistent HPT post parathyroidectomy?_____

Answer: Localisation studies

Flashcard 155: _____ hyperparathyroidism is hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia occuring after 6 months of documented normocalcemia.

Answer: Recurrent

Flashcard 156: _____ responds only to sulfonylureas.

Answer: MODY (DM variant)

Flashcard 157: Diabetes mellitus type _____ is associated with Grave's disease.

Answer: 1

Flashcard 158: Bone Mineral Density of _____ SD below peak bone mass is an indication for parathyroidectomy in patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism

Answer: >2.5

Flashcard 159: In DEXA scan deviation of _____ is osteopenia

Answer: -1 to -2.5

Flashcard 160: The cut-off values with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are _____ for fasting, at 1 hr and 2 hours after meals respectively.

Answer: 92,180 and 153

Flashcard 161: Dawn effect differs from Somogyi effect in that, the prior is not preceeded by an episode of _____glycemia

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 162: Most reliable test for an insulinoma is a _____-hr fasting test

Answer: 72

Flashcard 163: What is the frequency of follow-up for type 1 and 2 diabetes for fundus examination?_____

Answer: Yearly

Flashcard 164: What is the most common cause of asymptomatic hypercalcemia?_____

Answer: primary hyperparathyroidism

Flashcard 165: What is the line of management after restoration of normal hydration in a patient of hypercalcemic crisis?_____

Answer: Calcitonin or bisphosphonates

Flashcard 166: _____ is the most common pancreatic islet tumor in MEN 1 syndrome.

Answer: Gastrinoma

Flashcard 167: If a patient with an ACTH-dependent adrenocortical tumor with a positive HDDST, shows no significant findings on an MRI brain, what is the next best step?_____

Answer: Additional venous sampling from the inferior petrosal sinus

Flashcard 168: Diabetic retinopathy is more common in type _____ diabetes mellitus.

Answer: 1

Flashcard 169: What is the next step in management of a patient with elevated urinary metanephrines?_____

Answer: MRI to localise the pheochromocytoma

Flashcard 170: HNF1--inactivated hepatic adenomas are often associated with oral contraceptive pill use or in individuals with _____

Answer: MODY-3

Flashcard 171: The most common type of endocrine tumors in Carney complex is the _____

Answer: primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease

Flashcard 172: _____ phenomenon occurs due to excess night-time dose of insulin

Answer: Somogyi

Flashcard 173: What type of endemic cretinism is associated with coarse facial features?_____

Answer: Myxedematous

Flashcard 174: Hypoglycemia (Blood glucose if symptomatic

Answer: Hypoglycemia (Blood glucose if symptomatic

Flashcard 175: What is the treatment of choice for bilateral adrenocortical tumor?_____

Answer: Spironolactone and supplemental antihypertensives

Flashcard 176: What is the next step in management when a whole-body iodine [I123] scan is positive after a total thyroidectomy for any differentiated thyroid cancer (papillary or follicular carcinoma)?_____

Answer: Radio-iodine ablation [I131]

Flashcard 177: The most common cause of Conn syndrome is an _____

Answer: adenoma

Flashcard 178: What is the most common site of gastrinoma in individuals with MEN1 syndrome?_____

Answer: Duodenum

Flashcard 179: There is _____creased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in obesity

Answer: in

Flashcard 180: Will subacute thyroiditis show high or low RAIU?_____

Answer: Low

Flashcard 181: Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a _____

Answer: adenoma

Flashcard 182: _____thyroidism may be mistaken for a panic attack

Answer: Hyper

Flashcard 183: The diagnosis of a prolactinoma is highly likely when prolactin levels are > _____ g/L

Answer: 200

Flashcard 184: If the localisation for an ectopic parathyroid is negative and Casanova test is also negative the next best step in persistent PTH would be _____

Answer: medical management

Flashcard 185: Hypertonic (3%) or isotonic saline infusion may be used for treatment of _____ with Hypovolemia or altered mental status

Answer: SIADH

Flashcard 186: Pheochromocytoma is associated with _____uria

Answer: poly (oligo/poly)

Flashcard 187: Hormonal abnormalities associated with SCFE include (5):_____

Answer: Obesity, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, hyperparathyroidism, growth hormone excess

Flashcard 188: Asteatotic eczema may be a presenting sign of _____.

Answer: myxoedema (thyroid disorder)

Flashcard 189: _____ is the most common endocrinopathy occurring as a paraneoplastic syndrome.

Answer: Cushing syndrome

Flashcard 190: _____ test can be used to confirm the diagnosis of Primary Hyperaldosteronism

Answer: Saline infusion

Flashcard 191: _____parathyroidism can also lead to peptic ulcer disease

Answer: Hyper

Flashcard 192: Secondary calcium pyrophosphate deposition is associated with _____thyroidism

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 193: What is the most common manifestation of primary hyperaldosteronism?_____

Answer: Hypertension

Flashcard 194: An adrenal mass should never be biopsied until the _____ has been biochemically excluded

Answer: pheochromocytoma

Flashcard 195: Amongst autoimmune diseases, the strongest association of vitiligo is with _____

Answer: thyroid disorders

Flashcard 196: What type of endemic cretinism is associated with an euthyroid state and goitre?_____

Answer: Neurological

Flashcard 197: _____ is the most common cause of hypercalcemia detected incidentally.

Answer: Hyperparathyroidism

Flashcard 198: The investigation of choice for insulinoma is the determination of _____-hour fasting glucose and serum _____ levels.

Answer: 72; insulin

Flashcard 199: 24-hour urinary calcium is _____ in Primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer: increased

Flashcard 200: _____ is a pancreatic islet cell tumor with a classic presentation of the 4 D s : diabetes, dermatitis, _____, and depression

Answer: Glucagonoma; deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Flashcard 201: _____ phenomenon is characterized by _____thyroidism due to _____ thyroid hormone production following the administration of contrast agents

Answer: Jod-Basedow; hyper; enhanced

Flashcard 202: A T-score of -2.8 with _____ fracture (vertebral fracture on trivial trauma) indicates _____.

Answer: fragility; severe osteoporosis

Flashcard 203: Serum _____ level is increased in _____.

Answer: IGF-1::Not GH; acromegaly

Flashcard 204: _____ is the first line of management of Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

Answer: IV saline

Flashcard 205: _____ is the most common hormone that is affected in the case of Sheehan syndrome.

Answer: Prolactin

Flashcard 206: The dose of insulin that should be immediately administered to DKA patient is _____ units per kg

Answer: 0.1

Flashcard 207: A patient with Addison's disease presented with adrenal crisis. Drug of choice is:

Answer: Hydrocortisone