Epidemiology Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Epidemiology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Epidemiology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 21: The cyclical trend for meningococcal meningitis is _____.
Answer: 7-10 years
Extra: Cyclical trends in epidemiology (Park's Textbook):
- Meningococcal meningitis: 7-10 years
- Rubella: 6-9 years
- Influenza A: 2-3 years
- Influenza B: 4-7 years
- Measles: 2-3 years
- Chickenpox: 2-5 years
Flashcard 22: Syndromic surveillance is done by _____ under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP)
Answer: health workers
Extra: Under IDSP:
- Syndromic (S) surveillance: Paramedical staff/Health workers
- Presumptive (P) surveillance: Medical Officers
- Laboratory (L) surveillance: Lab technicians
Flashcard 23: Diseases that do not show the iceberg phenomenon:
Answer: Tetanus, Rabies, Measles (TRM)
Extra: Diseases that do not show the iceberg phenomenon have little to no subclinical or asymptomatic cases. Every case is clinical.
Flashcard 24: Based on the diagram, which cases are included in the **point prevalence** on April 1st?
Answer: Cases 1, 5, and 7
Extra: Point prevalence includes all existing cases (both old and new) at a specific point in time.
Flashcard 25: Presumptive screening works on _____ level of prevention
Answer: secondary
Flashcard 26: DALY full form is _____
Answer: disability adjusted life years
Extra:
Flashcard 27: pre test probability means _____
Answer: prevalence
Extra:
Flashcard 28: A child spleen rate (ages 2-9) of _____% indicates **mesoendemic** malaria.
Answer: 11-50
Extra: WHO Classification of Malaria Endemicity (based on Spleen Rate in children ages 2-9 years):
- **Hypoendemic**: < 10%
- **Mesoendemic**: 11-50%
- **Hyperendemic**: > 50% (adult spleen rate also high)
- **Holoendemic**: > 75% (adult spleen rate low)
Flashcard 29: What is the main difference between a subclinical case and a latent case?
Answer: Subclinical case: Can be a carrier (sheds the agent)
Latent case: Cannot be a carrier (agent is dormant/not shedding)
Extra: In subclinical infection, the person is asymptomatic but the agent is being shed and can infect others. In latent infection, the agent is dormant within the host and is not being shed.
Flashcard 30: _____ bias occurs when there is a long gap between exposure and observation.
Answer: Neyman
Extra: Neyman bias (also known as prevalence-incidence bias or late-look bias) occurs when a gap in time between exposure and selection of cases leads to the omission of cases that have already died or recovered.
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