Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: Bias means _____

Answer: systematic error

Flashcard 12: * Crude Birth Rate (CBR) = _____{\text{Estimated mid-year population}} \times 1000\)}} * Crude Death Rate (CDR) = \(\frac {\text{Number of deaths{\text{Estimated mid-year population}} \times 1000\)}} * Annual Growth Rate (%) = \(\frac {CBR - CDR} {10} = \frac {P_t - P_0} {t \times P_0} \times 100\) * Sex Ratio (India) = \text{Number of females per 1000 males} = \frac {\text{Number of females{\text{Number of males}} \times 1000}} * Dependency Ratio = \(\frac {(\text{Pop. 0-14}) + (\text{Pop. 65+})}{\text{Pop. 15-64 \times 100\)}}

Answer: \(\frac {\text{Number of live births

Flashcard 13: 2 methods of interpretation of randomised control trial(RCT) are

Answer: intention to treat analysis per protocol analysis

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Flashcard 14: _____ was the founder of epidemiology

Answer: Fracastorius

Flashcard 15: formula for numbers needed to treat is

Answer: 1/ARR absolute risk reduction * MCQ calulated in RCT

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Flashcard 16: Prevalence of any substance use disorder in India is _____%

Answer: 22.4

Extra: Source: National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) 2015-16. The 22.4% prevalence includes Tobacco Use Disorder (20.9%), Alcohol Use Disorder (4.6%), and other drugs.

Flashcard 17: typhoid cases:male_____female

Answer: >

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Flashcard 18: death rate starts declining in _____ stage of demographic cycle

Answer: early expanding

Flashcard 19: cyclical trend for rubella was _____

Answer: 6-7 years

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Flashcard 20: diseases that show iceberg phenomenon

Answer: PM Jumped In Ditch To Have Ruby - **P**: Polio - **M**: Mumps - **J**: Japanese Encephalitis - **I**: Influenza - **D**: Diphtheria - **T**: Typhoid - **H**: Hepatitis / Hypertension - **R**: Rubella

Extra: Diseases that **DO NOT** show the iceberg phenomenon (TRAM): - **T**: Tetanus - **R**: Rabies - **A**: AIDS - **M**: Measles