Measures of Disease Frequency — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Calculating case fatality rate: (Total number of deaths due to a particular disease/Total number of cases due to same disease ) x _____

Answer: 100

Flashcard 2: Case fatality rate is an _____ proportion and not actual rate

Answer: incidence

Flashcard 3: Incidence and prevalence rates are included in _____ indicators

Answer: morbidity (mortality/morbidity)

Flashcard 4: Secondary attack rate for influenza is _____%

Answer: 5- 15

Flashcard 5: An **incidence rate** is a measure of new cases occurring in _____ during a specified period of time

Answer: a population at risk

Extra: Incidence is a **rate** (measures new cases over time). Prevalence is a **proportion** (measures existing cases at a point/period in time). **Incidence Rate** = (New cases during a period) / (Population at risk during that period) × Multiplier

Flashcard 6: Time elapsed from initial exposure or pathogenic insult to clinical manifestation of disease is known as:- _____ period in infectious disease - latent period in noncommunicable chronic diseases

Answer: incubation

Flashcard 7: _____ is a measure of malaria incidence and is calculated as: (Confirmed cases during the year / Population under surveillance) × 1000

Answer: Annual Parasite Incidence (API)

Flashcard 8: Excluding skin cancer, which of the listed three demographics count the incidence of the following cancers as their top 3 most common in the United States? _____

Answer: Children

Flashcard 9: The **validity** of a screening test is defined by its _____ and specificity .

Answer: sensitivity

Extra: Validity (Accuracy) refers to the ability of a test to distinguish between those who have the disease and those who do not. It is measured by Sensitivity and Specificity. In contrast, Reliability (Precision/Repeatability) refers to the ability of a test to give consistent results when repeated under the same conditions.

Flashcard 10: Primary prevention prevents _____

Answer: contraction of disease

Extra: Primary prevention: Action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur. It aims to reduce the incidence of disease.