Principles of Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Surveillance indicators for AFP (Sensitivity): At least _____ case(s) of non-polio AFP should be detected annually per 1,00,000 population aged < 15 years.

Answer: 1 (per 100,000 children under 15 years)

Extra: WHO benchmark for AFP surveillance sensitivity: • Non-polio AFP rate: ≥ 1 case per 100,000 children < 15 years. • Note: In India, the operational target is often set higher at ≥ 2 per 100,000. • Adequate stool collection: ≥ 80% (2 specimens within 14 days of onset).

Flashcard 2: Calculating case fatality rate: (Total number of deaths due to a particular disease/Total number of cases due to same disease ) x _____

Answer: 100

Flashcard 3: A _____ case-control study is essentially a case-control study that is present inside a cohort study.

Answer: nested

Flashcard 4: The Mortality Rate = (_____) / (total population time at risk during T0->T1)

Answer: # of individuals who die from disease during T0->T+1

Flashcard 5: Incidence and prevalence rates are included in _____ indicators

Answer: morbidity (mortality/morbidity)

Flashcard 6: _____ bias is due to selective survival in prevalent cases.

Answer: Neyman

Flashcard 7: Selection bias is an error introduced in _____ that occurs due to a nonrandom sampling or treatment allocation of subjects

Answer: recruiting participants

Flashcard 8: _____ = # of existing cases / total # of people in a population at a point in time

Answer: Prevalence

Flashcard 9: When screening tests are used in parallel, _____ increases

Answer: sensitivity

Flashcard 10: Duration of illness is _____ a part of the epidemiological triad

Answer: not