Analytical Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ bias occurs due to differential hospital admission rates.

Answer: Berksonian bias

Flashcard 2: A _____ case-control study is essentially a case-control study that is present inside a cohort study.

Answer: nested

Flashcard 3: Incidence and prevalence rates are included in _____ indicators

Answer: morbidity (mortality/morbidity)

Flashcard 4: CIR = (_____)/(# of people at risk for same time period) that gives you a measure of average risk

Answer: # of new cases for a specific time period

Flashcard 5: _____ bias is due to selective survival in prevalent cases.

Answer: Neyman

Flashcard 6: Selection bias is an error introduced in _____ that occurs due to a nonrandom sampling or treatment allocation of subjects

Answer: recruiting participants

Flashcard 7: Time elapsed from initial exposure or pathogenic insult to clinical manifestation of disease is known as:- _____ period in infectious disease - latent period in noncommunicable chronic diseases

Answer: incubation

Flashcard 8: _____ bias or prevalence-incidence bias is due to the selective survival in prevalent cases usually seen in fatal diseases.

Answer: Neyman s

Flashcard 9: Excluding skin cancer, which of the listed three demographics count the incidence of the following cancers as their top 3 most common in the United States? _____

Answer: Children

Flashcard 10: The **validity** of a screening test is defined by its _____ and specificity .

Answer: sensitivity

Extra: Validity (Accuracy) refers to the ability of a test to distinguish between those who have the disease and those who do not. It is measured by Sensitivity and Specificity. In contrast, Reliability (Precision/Repeatability) refers to the ability of a test to give consistent results when repeated under the same conditions.