Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 181: Screening is beneficial if the disease is detected in the period between the _____.

Answer: first possible point of detection and the critical point

Extra: The **Critical Point** is a point in the natural history of a disease before which therapy is effective. Screening must occur before this point to improve the prognosis. **Lead Time**: The period between diagnosis by screening and the time when the diagnosis would have been made without screening (onset of symptoms).

Flashcard 182: _____ bias is associated with ecological study design

Answer: ecological fallacy

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Flashcard 183: _____ studies help in forming a hypothesis

Answer: descriptive

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Flashcard 184: The type of map used to show the geographical distribution of a disease by using different shades or colors is called a _____.

Answer: Choropleth map

Extra: Also known as a shaded map. Choropleth maps use different shades or colors to represent the density or frequency of a disease or event in different geographic areas.

Flashcard 185: average IP for kala azar is _____

Answer: 1-4 months

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Flashcard 186: positive predictive value is most affected by _____

Answer: prevalence

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Flashcard 187: generation time is the time between _____

Answer: entry of organism to max. communicability of it

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Flashcard 188: _____ bias is also known as prevalence bias

Answer: Neyman

Flashcard 189: ANCDR (Annual New Case Detection Rate) of leprosy is _____

Answer: 0.92 per 10,000 population

Flashcard 190: The CFR is a special type of _____ that measures risk of death among those individuals with the disease

Answer: cumulative incidence rate