Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 171: hawthorne bias is seen in _____ study

Answer: cohort

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Flashcard 172: Measures of association and impact calculated from a cohort study include:

Answer: 1. Relative Risk (Risk Ratio) 2. Attributable Risk (Risk Difference) 3. Population Attributable Risk

Extra: Cohort studies allow the calculation of Incidence, which is then used to determine these measures of association and impact.

Flashcard 173: population attributable risk =

Answer: calculated in cohort study formula

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Flashcard 174: what is highly motivated researcher causing exaggerated response called ?

Answer: pygmalion bias

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Flashcard 175: _____ is the probability that when the test is positive, the disease is present

Answer: Positive predictive value

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Flashcard 176: L in Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) stands for _____

Answer: Laboratory surveillance

Flashcard 177: _____ is the father of public health

Answer: cholera

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Flashcard 178: secondary attack rate of mumps is _____% in non immune persons

Answer: 86

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Flashcard 179: Screening is beneficial if the disease is detected in the period between the _____.

Answer: first possible point of detection and the critical point

Extra: The **Critical Point** is a point in the natural history of a disease before which therapy is effective. Screening must occur before this point to improve the prognosis. **Lead Time**: The period between diagnosis by screening and the time when the diagnosis would have been made without screening (onset of symptoms).

Flashcard 180: primary case is _____

Answer: the 1st case in the community

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