Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 171: Prevalence of blindness in India is _____%

Answer: 0.36

Extra: Source: National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey (2015-2019).

Flashcard 172: hawthorne bias is seen in _____ study

Answer: cohort

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Flashcard 173: afd4b1167fda4b9c995090d0ae732967-oa-3

Answer: international classification of diseases

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Flashcard 174: _____ is the probability that when the test is positive, the disease is present

Answer: Positive predictive value

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Flashcard 175: Which diseases are transmitted by soft ticks (*Ornithodoros*)?

Answer: 1. Relapsing fever (Endemic) 2. Q fever (also acts as a reservoir)

Extra: Hard ticks (Ixodidae) transmit: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), Indian Tick Typhus, Tularemia, Tick paralysis, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF).

Flashcard 176: What are the formulas for **Attributable Risk Percent (AR%)** and **Population Attributable Risk Percent (PAR%)**? AR% = _____{Incidence_{exposed}} \times 100\)}} = _____{\frac{a}{a+b}} \times 100\)}} PAR% = _____{Incidence_{total}} \times 100\)}}

Answer: \(\frac{Incidence_{exposed} - Incidence_{unexposed

Extra: **Definitions:** - **Attributable Risk (AR):** $I_e - I_u$ - **Attributable Risk Percent (AR%):** $\frac{I_e - I_u}{I_e} \times 100$ - **Population Attributable Risk (PAR):** $I_t - I_u$ - **Population Attributable Risk Percent (PAR%):** $\frac{I_t - I_u}{I_t} \times 100$ $I_e$: Incidence in exposed $I_u$: Incidence in unexposed $I_t$: Incidence in total population

Flashcard 177: L in Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) stands for _____

Answer: Laboratory surveillance

Flashcard 178: _____ is the father of public health

Answer: cholera

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Flashcard 179: _____ bias is associated with ecological study design

Answer: ecological fallacy

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Flashcard 180: epidemiological triad involves _____ _____ and _____

Answer: agent

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