Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: Kala-azar in India is mostly seen in the states of _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Answer: Bihar

Extra: Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) is endemic in 4 states in India: Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. Bihar accounts for the highest number of cases.

Flashcard 132: This is the symbol of the _____

Answer: Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP)

Extra: The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) was launched in November 2004 with support from the World Bank. It is a decentralized, IT-enabled system for surveillance of epidemic-prone diseases to monitor trends and respond to outbreaks through trained Rapid Response Teams (RRTs).

Flashcard 133: In a **low-level HIV epidemic**, the prevalence in high-risk groups (HRGs) is _____

Answer: <5%

Flashcard 134: probable case surveilance is done by _____ under  integrated disease surveilance project(IDSP)

Answer: medical officer

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Flashcard 135: demographic gap starts declining in stage _____

Answer: 3 

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Flashcard 136: Incidence in exposed=50% incidence in non exposed=10% attributable risk=

Answer: 80% found in cohort study

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Flashcard 137: Vaccine Efficacy = _____{\text{Attack rate in unvaccinated}}\)}} \(\times\) 100%

Answer: \(\frac{\text{Attack rate in unvaccinated} - \text{Attack rate in vaccinated

Flashcard 138: _____ is the proxy measure for complete family size

Answer: TFR(total fertility rate)

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Flashcard 139: In the standard 10-case epidemiology diagram, which cases are included in the **period prevalence** between March and April?

Answer: All except 4 and 9

Extra: Period prevalence includes all cases (old and new) present at any time during the specified interval. In the standard diagram: - Case 4 starts after the period ends. - Case 9 ends before the period starts.

Flashcard 140: 1 untreated TB case can infect upto _____ cases per year

Answer: 10-12

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