Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: Uncontrolled trials are used for _____

Answer: assessing public health interventions

Flashcard 112: What is the equation for Relative Risk (RR) using a standard 2x2 table? RR = _____{\text{Incidence among unexposed}}\)}} = _____

Answer: \(\frac{\text{Incidence among exposed

Flashcard 113: index case is _____

Answer: 1st case identified in a community

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Flashcard 114: The _____ is a major source of mortality indicators in India.

Answer: Sample Registration System (SRS)

Extra: The Sample Registration System (SRS) is a dual-record system in India that provides reliable annual estimates of birth rate, death rate, and other fertility and mortality indicators (like IMR and MMR).

Flashcard 115: national family health survey(NFHS) is conducted every _____ time

Answer: 5 years

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Flashcard 116: S in Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) stands for _____

Answer: syndromic surveillance

Flashcard 117: What is the formula for calculating the **Odds Ratio (OR)** using a standard 2x2 contingency table?

Answer: \(OR = \frac{\text{Odds of exposure in cases}}{\text{Odds of exposure in controls}} = \frac{a/c}{b/d} = \frac{ad}{bc}\) i.e. the odds of a certain exposure given an event (e.g. disease; a/c) vs the odds of exposure in the absence of that event (e.g. no disease; b/d)

Flashcard 118: Grade 2 disability (G2D) among new cases of leprosy is _____%

Answer: 3.61

Extra: According to NLEP 2017-18 data, the proportion of Grade 2 Disability (G2D) among new cases was 3.61%. For the same period: - G2D rate per million population: 3.34 - Total new cases: 1,26,164

Flashcard 119: _____ is most important for assessing causality

Answer: Evidence-based medicine

Flashcard 120: rate is expressed in terms of _____

Answer: time

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