Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards
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vardenafil
sildenafil
aspirin
ouabain
What effect do class IA antiarrhythmics have on the effective refractory period in the ventricular tissue? _____
Ischemic priapism is treated with corporal aspiration, intracavernosal _____, or surgical decompression to prevent ischemia
What effect do class IC antiarrhythmics have on the effective refractory period in the Purkinje and ventricular tissue? _____
_____ patients are more sensitive to the side effects of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (e.g. cognitive impairment, headache, delirium)
Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, is used for immediate anticoagulation? _____
Alprostadil is used to maintain a(n) _____ in the setting of certain types of congenital heart disease
Autonomic/CV Drugs US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Autonomic/CV Drugs with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Autonomic/CV Drugs Flashcard Deck - 2828 Cards
Flashcard 1: vardenafil
Answer: PDE5 inhibitor
Extra: erectile dysfunction patients taking nitrates (lethal hypotension) inhbit phosphodiesterase 5, resulting in increased cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum headache, flushing, impaired blue-green color vision, hypotension, dyspepsia
Flashcard 2: sildenafil
Answer: PDE5 inhibitor
Extra: erectile dysfunction patients taking nitrates (lethal hypotension) inhbit phosphodiesterase 5, resulting in increased cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum headache, flushing, impaired blue-green color vision, hypotension, dyspepsia
Flashcard 3: aspirin
Answer:
Extra: increases permeability of the mitochondrial membrane (incomplete) inhibit oxidative phosphorylation
Flashcard 4: ouabain
Answer:
Extra: inhibits Na+-K+ ATPase by binding to K+ site
Flashcard 5: What effect do class IA antiarrhythmics have on the effective refractory period in the ventricular tissue? _____
Answer: Increased ERP
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Ischemic priapism is treated with corporal aspiration, intracavernosal _____, or surgical decompression to prevent ischemia
Answer: phenylephrine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: What effect do class IC antiarrhythmics have on the effective refractory period in the Purkinje and ventricular tissue? _____
Answer: No effect
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: _____ patients are more sensitive to the side effects of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (e.g. cognitive impairment, headache, delirium)
Answer: Elderly
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, is used for immediate anticoagulation? _____
Answer: Heparin
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: Alprostadil is used to maintain a(n) _____ in the setting of certain types of congenital heart disease
Answer: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/acyanotic-congenital-heart-defects?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: What drug class does loratadine belong to? _____
Answer: 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: Chronic vitamin A toxicity may cause _____
Answer: arthralgias
Extra: Watch Vitamin A [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-a?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: What type of diabetes is associated with lithium use? _____
Answer: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Lithium [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-lithium?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: Clostridium botulinum in adults causes botulism via ingestion of _____ toxin
Answer: preformed
Extra: Watch Clostridium botulinum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-bacilli-clostridium-botulinum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: What neurologic complication is associated with opioid overdose? _____
Answer: Seizures
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: What antiarrhythmic drug class does phenytoin belong to? _____
Answer: Class IB antiarrhythmics (anti-epileptic but has class IB properties)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: What drug class do dofetilide and ibutilide belong to? _____
Answer: Class III antiarrhythmics (K+ channel blockers)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: What endogenous protein that binds to RANKL released by Osteoblasts does Denosumab act like? _____
Answer: Osteoprotegerin
Extra: Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Antineoplastics: Cancer Immunotherapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: _____ is a recombinant form of T4 that serves as a thyroxine replacement. It has agonist action at thyroid hormone receptors
Answer: Levothyroxine
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: What formula is used to calculate maintenance dose? _____
Answer:
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: Fibrates lead to _____ in serum LDL by reducing VLDL
Answer: mild decreases
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Fibrates, niacin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-fibrates-niacin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: Phenytoin may cause neurologic side effects, such as peripheral neuropathy and _____
Answer: ataxia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: Because Mesalamine acts in a similar manner to aspirin, it is contraindicated in patients with _____ disease
Answer: kidney
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic, can induce heart _____, especially with rapid IV administration
Answer: failure
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: Which GLUT receptor is upregulated in peripheral tissue by thiazolidinediones? _____
Answer: GLUT4
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: The treatments for prophylactic treatment of chronic gout can be remembered by the mnemonic "Prevent A Painful Flare": - Probenecid - A_____ - Pegloticase (recombinant uricase) - Febuxostat
Answer: llopurinol
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: Octreotide, a somatostatin analog, may be useful in the management of _____ bleeding by reducing portal blood flow and variceal pressure
Answer: esophageal variceal
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: What classes of antidepressant are useful for treating fibromyalgia? _____
Answer: TCAs and SNRIs
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: Chronic anticoagulation with drugs such as warfarin increase the risk for _____ hematomas following injury (especially in elderly)
Answer: subdural
Extra: Watch Epidural Hematoma, Subdural Hematoma, & Subarachnoid Hemorrhage [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-cerebrovascular-epidural-hematoma-subdural-hematoma-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/aneurysms-and-intracranial-hemorrhage?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: What effect does a non-competitive antagonist have on efficacy? _____
Answer: Decrease (curve shifts down)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Thiazolidinediones can cause fluid retention and thus _____ as a possible side effect in the extremities
Answer: peripheral edema
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: _____, a long-acting synthetic analog of ADH, may be used to treat central diabetes insipidus
Answer: Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: Methemoglobinemia can be treated by _____ and vitamin C
Answer: methylene blue
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemoglobin/acquire?ref=anki methylene blue reduces methemoglobin (Fe3+) back to hemoglobin (Fe2+); high-dose vitamin C is ocassionally used as well
Flashcard 34: Chimeric biologics run the risk of causing Serum Sickness within _____ days of administration
Answer: 7-10
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: Psyllium is a(n) _____ laxative
Answer: bulk-forming
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: What drug can manage hyperuricemia in tumor lysis syndrome? _____
Answer: Allopurinol
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: Non-illicit drugs such as OCPs, corticosteroids, and NSAIDS may cause secondary _____
Answer: hypertension
Extra: * whereas Cocaine and Methamphetamines are illicit drugs that can cause secondary hypertension Watch Hypertension [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-hypertension?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: The solubility of an inhaled anesthetic may also be referred to as the _____ coefficient
Answer: blood:gas partition
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Nitrates may cause throbbing _____ and cutaneous flushing as possible side effects
Answer: headaches
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Nitrates) Watch Nitrates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-nitrates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: What effect do α2 agonists have on sympathetic tone? _____
Answer: Decreased (sympatholytic)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: What size of nerve fiber, small or large diameter, is affected first by local anesthetics? _____
Answer: Small-diameter fibers
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: NSAIDs are the 1st line treatment for _____ gout
Answer: acute
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: What effect do Class II antiarrhythmics (β-blockers) have on cAMP levels? _____
Answer: Decreased cAMP
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class II [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-ii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: Metoprolol, propranolol, and esmolol are all examples of class _____ antiarrhythmics
Answer: II
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class II [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-ii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: What adverse effects of opiates persist even after tolerance develops? _____ and _____
Answer: Miosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a disorder that results in platelet _____ secondary to heparin therapy
Answer: activation
Extra: Watch Quantitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: Tesamorelin is a(n) _____ analog used to treat HIV-associated lipodystrophy
Answer: GHRH
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: Amiodarone can cause _____ as a result of its class II antiarrhythmic activity
Answer: heart block
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: _____ is a recombinant form of PTH used to treat osteoporosis
Answer: Teriparatide
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: COX-_____ synthesizes gastric cytoprotective prostaglandins
Answer: 1
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: What adverse effect is associated with bosentan? _____
Answer: Hepatotoxicity (thus monitor LFTs)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: Aliskiren is relatively contraindicated in patients already taking _____ or _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: Which anti-emetic(s) should be used to treat a patient with nausea/vomiting due to emetogenic substances in the blood/CNS? _____
Answer: 1. D2 receptor blockers, such as metoclopramide 2. NK1 receptor blockers, such as aprepitant
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: Is thiopental used for the induction or maintenance of anesthesia? _____
Answer: Induction
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Propofol, etomidate, ketamine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-propofol-etomidate-ketamine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: Cardiac glycosides (e.g. digoxin) cause _____ cardiac contractility due to increased sarcoplasmic Ca2+ stores
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: What vitamin can be prescribed for Alzheimers disease to slow functional losses? _____
Answer: Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Extra: Watch Vitamin E [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-e?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Neuro/Psych: FA Neuro [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-metabolism-and-disorders-of-fructose-and-sorbitol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: Glucocorticoids inhibit production of inflammatory _____ by cyclooxygenase
Answer: prostaglandins
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: _____ administration of benzodiazepines, is useful for management of alcohol withdrawal, seizures, and anesthesia
Answer: IV
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: Benzodiazepines increase Cl- conductance by increasing the _____ of channel opening
Answer: frequency
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: What drug class do fluoxetine and paroxetine belong to? _____
Answer: SSRIs
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: Lamotrigine is a(n) _____ spectrum anti-epileptic
Answer: broad
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: Recombinant IFN-α can be used to treat malignant _____, hairy cell leukemia and renal cell carcinoma
Answer: melanoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: Theophylline is metabolized by _____
Answer: cytochrome P-450
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: What sympathomimetic is used to treat cardiogenic shock? _____
Answer: Dobutamine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Phenylephrine may be used to treat _____-tension
Answer: hypo
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: Which generation of H1 histamine receptor antagonists are used to treat allergies? _____
Answer: Both 1st and 2nd generation :)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: Carboprost, a(n) _____ analog can be used to increase uterine tone
Answer: PGF2a
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: What drug class do eptifibatide and tirofiban belong to? _____
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: Magnesium hydroxide and magnesium citrate are both examples of _____ laxatives
Answer: osmotic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: Iodinated Radiocontrast Dyes can be used to suppress the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 via inhibition of _____
Answer: 5'-deiodinase
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: Class IB antiarrhythmics have a(n) _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel
Answer: low
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Class IV antiarrhythmics are useful in the treatment of _____ fibrillation (and flutter)
Answer: atrial
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class IV [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iv?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: Epoprostenol and iloprost are synthetic forms of _____
Answer: PGI2 (prostacylin)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: Desmopressin (DDAVP) has high specificity for the ADH-activated _____ receptor
Answer: V2
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch ADH, DDAVP, ADH receptor antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-adh-ddavp-adh-receptor-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the _____ receptor
Answer: IL-2
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology/immunosuppression/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: _____ is a local anesthetic that is commonly associated with cardiac arrhythmias
Answer: Cocaine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: One adverse effect associated with selective α1 adrenergic antagonists is 1st-dose _____
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki - Therefore, dose at night - Too much blockage of alpha-1 vasoconstriction
Flashcard 78: Does metoclopramide, a D2 receptor antagonist, influence colon transport time? _____
Answer: No
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: Which NSAID at high doses prevents uric acid reabsorption? _____
Answer: Aspirin
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: Eculizumab is indicated for the treatment of _____
Answer: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: Diuresis with _____ prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
Answer: IV saline
Extra: Watch Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, amifostine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-dna-and-cellular-division-cisplatin-carboplatin-oxaliplatin-amifostine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: Class IA antiarrhythmics have a(n) _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel
Answer: intermediate
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Tolcapone can cause _____ failure as an adverse effect
Answer: hepatic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Gabapentin is an anti-epileptic that may be used to treat post-_____ neuralgia
Answer: herpetic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: Which non-benzodiazepine hypnotic has the longest half-life? _____
Answer: Eszopiclone
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Which thyroid medications are associated with aplastic anemia? _____
Answer: Propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: _____ may be given to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods (e.g. wine, cheese)
Answer: Phentolamine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: Mycophenolate mofetil use is associated with _____-tension
Answer: hyper
Extra: Watch Azathioprine, 6 mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-azathioprine-6-mercaptopurine-mycophenolate-mofetil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: Class IC antiarrhythmics have a(n) _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel
Answer: strong
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: What dermatologic complication is associated with phenytoin use? _____
Answer: Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki Toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens-Johnson syndrome This 6-month-old patient presents with toxic epidermal necrolysis, the severe form of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Smallpox vaccination can trigger toxic epidermal necrolysis. Stevens-Johnson syndrome following sulfonamide treatment Blistering of skin and epidermal detachment involving the conjunctiva are visible, resembling a superficial burn.
Flashcard 91: Bile acid resins (e.g. cholestyramine) indirectly _____ HMG CoA reductase activity and thus _____ cholesterol synthesis by the liver
Answer: increase
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: What laboratory function tests should be checked when using amiodarone? _____
Answer: Pulmonary (PFTs), Liver (LFTs), and Thyroid (TFTs)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: What class of drugs inhibits the enzyme HMG CoA reductase? _____
Answer: Statins
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/myocardial-infarction?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: What adverse effect may desmopressin (DDAVP) have on sodium levels? _____
Answer: Hyponatremia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch ADH, DDAVP, ADH receptor antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-adh-ddavp-adh-receptor-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: One adverse effect of NSAIDs is _____ due to inhibition of COX-1
Answer: gastric ulcers
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: Patients being treated with Imatinib can experience side effects of _____ retention
Answer: fluid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: Loop diuretics may cause _____-toxicity as an adverse effect
Answer: oto
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: What drug is used to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity? _____
Answer: Amifostine
Extra: Watch Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, amifostine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-dna-and-cellular-division-cisplatin-carboplatin-oxaliplatin-amifostine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: _____ is a barbiturate that may be used as an IV anesthetic
Answer: Thiopental
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Propofol, etomidate, ketamine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-propofol-etomidate-ketamine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Dextromethorphan is an antitussive that has mild _____ effects when used in excess and thus has mild abuse potential
Answer: opioid
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: Alemtuzumab can be used to treat _____ leukemia
Answer: chronic lymphocytic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: Verapamil is a Ca2+ channel blocker that may cause hyper-_____ as an adverse effect
Answer: prolactinemia
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: Loop diuretics induce expression of _____, which leads to synthesis of prostaglandins (e.g. PGE)
Answer: COX-2
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: What suffix is associated with small molecule kinase inhibitors? _____
Answer: -nib
Extra: Watch Imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vemurafenib [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-imatinib-erlotinib-sorafenib-sunitinib-vemurafenib?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: Opiate receptor activation causes _____ of K+ channels
Answer: opening
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: Oral ingestion of Ferrous Sulfate can cause _____
Answer: esophagitis
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: What classes of diuretics are characterized by increased urine K+? _____
Answer: Loop and thiazide diuretics
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: Treatment of acute coronary syndromes often includes _____, which decrease heart rate and reduces risk of arrhythmia
Answer: β-blockers
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/myocardial-infarction?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: Senna and Bisacodyl are _____ agents that acts via stimulation of the enteric nervous system and increased colonic secretions
Answer: cathartic (stimulant)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: Which chemotherapeutic drug can be used to raise fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels? _____
Answer: Hydroxyurea
Extra: Watch Methotrexate, leucovorin, 5 fluorouracil, hydroxyurea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-methotrexate-leucovorin-5-fluorouracil-hydroxyurea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: What drug class inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins and thus interferes with the protective effect of PGs on renal function? _____
Answer: NSAIDs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: Acute alcohol use leads to _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inhibition
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: Side effects of PDE-5 inhibitors include headache, flushing, dyspepsia, and _____ (_____-tinted vision)
Answer: cyanopia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: What type of drug are class III antiarrhythmics? _____
Answer: K+ channel blockers
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: Which IV anesthetic causes profound vasodilation (and thus hypotension)? _____
Answer: Propofol
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Propofol, etomidate, ketamine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-propofol-etomidate-ketamine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: Do barbiturates have addictive potential? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Barbiturates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-barbiturates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: Local anesthetics are often used for minor surgical procedures and _____ anesthesia
Answer: spinal
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists may cause cognitive impairment and delirium, especially in the _____
Answer: elderly
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: What drug class do vardenafil, tadalafil, and sildenafil belong to? _____
Answer: PDE-5 inhibitors
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: _____ is a substance present in licorice that may block activity of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Answer: Glycyrrhetinic acid
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephron-transporters?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: The most common side effect of erythropoetin stimulating agents is _____
Answer: hypertension
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 122: Loop and Thiazide diuretics _____ uric acid excretion
Answer: decrease
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: Dobutamine causes _____ systolic pressure
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: Class I antiarrhythmics exert their actions by blocking _____ channels
Answer: Na+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: Glucocorticoids prevent production of _____ by inhibiting phospholipase A2
Answer: arachidonic acid
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: Docusate is used medically as a(n) _____
Answer: stool softener
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: Nitrates are often combined with _____ to help prevent reflex sympathetic activation
Answer: β-blockers
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Nitrates) Watch Nitrates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-nitrates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: What drug may be used to treat diabetic or post-surgical gastroparesis by increasing resting tone, contractility, and LES tone? _____
Answer: Metoclopramide (D2 receptor antagonist)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/misc-gastric/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: Which nerve fibers (size, myelination) are affected first by local anesthetics? _____
Answer: Small, myelinated fibers
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: _____-acting benzodiazepines are typically metabolized by the liver into active metabolites
Answer: Long
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: What drug class does cilostazol belong to? _____
Answer: Antiplatelet PDE-3 inhibitor
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: The inhaled anesthetic _____ is associated with expansion of trapped gas in a body cavity as an adverse effect
Answer: N2O
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: What drug enhances activity of antithrombin? _____
Answer: Heparin
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: What drug class does chlorpheniramine belong to? _____
Answer: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonist
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: How does the pH change in infected tissue? _____
Answer: Decreased (acidic)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: In addition to erectile dysfunction, sildenafil may also be used to treat _____
Answer: pulmonary hypertension
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki Pulmonary hypertension (1/2) Chest x-ray (PA) Regular diaphragm; enlarged left auricle and atrium (LAA) leading to the loss of the cardiac silhouette; Dilation of the left pulmonary artery (P; shaded area represents the dilation); Extensively enlarged pulmonary arteries at the lung hilus (marked area); Vascular rarefaction in the peripheral lungs with sudden change in diameter between central and peripheral pulmonary arteries. Here, the possible cause of pulmonary hypertension is mitral valve disease. Pulmonary hypertension (2/2) Lateral chest x-ray: decreased retrosternal spay due to hypertrophy of the right ventricle as well as decreased retrocardiac space due to left atrial enlargement .
Flashcard 137: Which antacid is associated with diarrhea if overused? _____
Answer: Magnesium hydroxide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: Daclizumab is a monoclonal antibody against _____ that is used to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis
Answer: CD25 (part of IL-2 receptor)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Immunology Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: VEGF RTK inhibitors can cause hyper_____
Answer: keratosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: Filgrastim is a recombinant form of _____
Answer: G-CSF
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Immunology Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: What three treatments for hyperammonemia act by reacting with glycine / glutamine, forming products that are renally excreted? _____
Answer: Benzoate, Phenylacetate, Phenylbutyrate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dna-to-protein/amino-acids/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: Epinephrine causes _____ HR and cardiac contractility
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: The antibody-heparin-PF4 complex may activate _____, leading to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia
Answer: platelets
Extra: Watch Quantitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: What are the two first-line drugs for the treatment of chronic gout due to overproduction? _____
Answer: Allopurinol; Febuxostat
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: What acid-base disorder may be caused by loop diuretics? _____
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: What effect does clonidine have on blood pressure? _____
Answer: Decreased (via reduced sympathetic tone)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: Pertussis toxin ribosylates Gi, _____ the G-protein receptor
Answer: inhibiting
Extra: Watch Bordetella pertussis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-respiratory-tract-bordetella-pertussis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: _____ is a mood stabilizer associated with development of hypothyroidism
Answer: Lithium
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: Acetazolamide causes _____ excretion of HCO3-
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: One adverse effect associated with Ca2+ channel blockers (e.g. verapamil) is _____ hyperplasia
Answer: gingival
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: What class of anticoagulants are used to treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)? _____
Answer: Direct thrombin inhibitors
Extra: Watch Quantitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/thrombocytopenia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: Adverse effects of vortioxetine include anti-_____ effects, sleep disturbances (abnormal dreams), and sexual dysfunction
Answer: cholinergic
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: One possible treatment for digoxin toxicity is _____ fragments
Answer: anti-digoxin Fab
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: Does raloxifene increase risk for endometrial cancer? _____
Answer: No (estrogen antagonist at uterus)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: Acarbose and miglitol inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzymes which decreases the conversion of _____ into absorbable _____
Answer: disaccharides
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: In patients with Sickle Cell Anemia, Hydroxyurea is used prophylactically to reduce _____
Answer: veno-occlusive crises
Extra: Watch Methotrexate, leucovorin, 5 fluorouracil, hydroxyurea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-methotrexate-leucovorin-5-fluorouracil-hydroxyurea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: Suvorexant is not recommended in patients with _____ disease
Answer: liver
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: Myocarditis can be caused by the venom of the _____
Answer: black widow
Extra: Watch Myocarditis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-myocardial-and-pericardial-disorders-myocarditis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: _____ is an alkylating agent that also acts as a weak MAO inhibitor
Answer: Procarbazine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: Phenytoin is a(n) _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inducer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 161: Allopurinol is used to prevent _____ deposition in the renal tubules during tumor lysis syndrome
Answer: uric acid
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: _____ is a skeletal muscle hypersensitivity to volatile anesthetics
Answer: Malignant hyperthermia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/skeletal-muscle?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: Busulfan chemotherapy is associated with a(n) _____ reaction
Answer: hyperpigmentation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: What type(s) of diabetes may be treated with GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors? _____
Answer: T2DM only; dependent on some functional β cells
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: What treatment is used for reversal of heparin therapy? _____
Answer: Protamine sulfate
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: Dobutamine causes _____ pulse pressure
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: Are the effects of direct factor Xa inhibitors easily reversible? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: Which NSAID at low doses inhibits uric acid excretion? _____
Answer: Aspirin
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: High levels of _____ inhibit organification of I2, and therefore inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormones (Wolff-Chaikoff effect)
Answer: I-
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Other Causes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-other-causes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: Vitamin _____ is used as an ancillary treatment for methemoglobinemia
Answer: C
Extra: Watch Vitamin C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-water-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemoglobin/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: What drug class do losartan, candesartan, and valsartan belong to? _____
Answer: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: What class of drugs may bind to and inhibit complex I of the ETC? _____
Answer: Barbiturates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: Class I antiarrhythmics decrease the slope of phase _____ of the myocardial action potential
Answer: 0 (upstroke)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: Does administering HCO3- for tricyclic antidepressant toxicity accelerate drug metabolism? _____
Answer: No - only overcomes Na channel-blocking activity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: What effect do bile acid resins have on HDL levels? _____
Answer: Slightly increased
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: Rectal and sublingual administration have such high bioavailability because drugs will _____
Answer: bypass portal circulation*
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: Tricyclic antidepressants antagonize the _____ histamine receptor
Answer: H1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Tricyclic antidepressants [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-tricyclic-antidepressants?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: Lithium CNS toxicity can lead to slurred speech, as well as hyperreflexia and _____
Answer: seizures
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: What is the effect of β1-blockade on contractility (and SV)? _____
Answer: Decreased contractility
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: Vinca alkaloids can induce a(n) _____, resulting in constipation
Answer: paralytic ileus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) are ligands of _____, an intranuclear receptor that regulates gene transcription
Answer: PPAR-γ
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 182: Non-dihydropyridine CCBs are relatively contraindicated in patients with heart _____ or heart _____ due to their ability to cause cardiac depression
Answer: block
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 183: What is the route of administration of warfarin? _____
Answer: Oral
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 184: Pegloticase and Rasburicase are recombinant _____ that works by converting uric acid into water soluble allantoin
Answer: uricases
Extra: Watch Purine Salvage Pathway [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology/videos/medical-biochemistry-molecular-biology-dna-purine-salvage-pathway?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: Central diabetes insipidus is treated with a(n) _____ analogue, such as dDAVP (desmopressin)
Answer: ADH
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: _____ is a purine nucleoside with antiarrhythmic properties
Answer: Adenosine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class V [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-v?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: Compared to benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hynotics are _____ likely to cause tolerance
Answer: less
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: Warfarin (coumadin) is a drug that inhibits the enzyme _____
Answer: epoxide reductase
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: What hematologic complication is associated with phenytoin? _____
Answer: Megaloblastic anemia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: Ciguatoxin opens _____ channels, causing depolarization
Answer: Na+
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: Mannitol may be used to treat _____ intracranial and/or intraocular pressure
Answer: elevated
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: What effect may niacin have on blood glucose levels? _____
Answer: Increased (Hyperglycemia)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: Mycophenolate mofetil can affect the GI tract, leading to _____
Answer: diarrhea
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: What organic solvent used in the dry cleaning industry is converted to free radicals in the liver? _____
Answer: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 195: Lithium has a narrow _____
Answer: therapeutic index
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Lithium [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-lithium?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 196: _____ is a T4 hormone analog used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema
Answer: Levothyroxine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 197: Triptans (e.g. sumatriptan) are _____ receptor agonists
Answer: 5-HT1B,D
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Pharm Watch Triptans & migraine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-triptans-and-migraine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/headache?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 198: Insulin Detemir and Glargine are characterized by _____ action and duration
Answer: long
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: Methotrexate can be used as a disease modifying agent in the treatment of _____ mediated disorders
Answer: Lymphocyte
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: Suvorexant is a(n) orexin (hypocretin) receptor antagonist used to treat _____
Answer: insomnia
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: What drug combination may be used for maintenance therapy following opioid detoxification? _____
Answer: Buprenorphine plus naloxone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: Benzodiazepines can cause _____ by downregulating GABAA receptors
Answer: tolerance
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 203: Allopurinol is a treatment for chronic gout, as it inhibits _____
Answer: xanthine oxidase
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 204: What is the mechanism of action of zileuton (asthma treatment)? _____
Answer: 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 205: MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking _____, which is a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity
Answer: St. John's wort
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 206: _____ is a monoclonal antibody against RANKL, useful in the treatment of osteoporosis
Answer: Denosumab
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki Binds to RANKL to prevent RANKL from activating osteoclasts
Flashcard 207: Cinacalcet is an allosteric activator of the _____ receptor on the Parathyroid Gland
Answer: Ca2+ sensing (CaSR)
Extra: Watch Teriparatide, vitamin D, cinacalcet, sevelamer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-teriparatide-vitamin-d-cinacalcet-sevelamer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 208: Which anticoagulant has the greatest efficacy on factor IIa (thrombin)? _____
Answer: Heparin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki UWorld:
Flashcard 209: Phenytoin exerts its effects by blocking _____ channels
Answer: Na+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 210: Can cortisone activate mineralocorticoid receptors? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephron-transporters?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 211: Sacubitril is a(n) _____ inhibitor
Answer: neprilysin
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 212: Use of Linezolid is contraindicated in patients taking drugs that increase _____-nergic transmission
Answer: seroto
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 213: Which test is used to follow the effects of heparin? _____
Answer: PTT
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 214: What classes of antiarrhythmics are used for rhythm control in atrial fibrillation and flutter? _____
Answer: Class IC and III
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 215: Treatment for central diabetes insipidus includes hydration and _____, which is an ADH analog
Answer: desmopressin
Extra: Watch Diabetes Insipidus & SIADH [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-diabetes-insipidus-and-siadh?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 216: Ursodeoxycholic acid acts via increasing _____ secretion and decreasing _____ secretion/reabsorption
Answer: bile
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 217: Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic, can act as a(n) _____, resulting in gray corneal microdeposits
Answer: hapten
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 218: Coadministration of ACE inhibitors with _____ can precipitate acute kidney injury
Answer: NSAIDs
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki NSAIDs decrease afferent dilation by prostaglandins, ACE Inhibitors vasodilate efferent arteriole (overall less blood flow to kidney)
Flashcard 219: Chronic levodopa use can cause an "_____ phenomenon", with periods of akinesia alternating with periods of improved mobility
Answer: on-off
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 220: Fondaparinux is an anticoagulant that acts only on factor _____
Answer: Xa
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 221: Etanercept is contraindicated in patients with an allergy to _____ drugs
Answer: sulfa
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 222: Which of the vinca alkaloids is more commonly associated with paralytic ileus? _____
Answer: Vincristine
Extra: Watch Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-dna-and-cellular-division-vincristine-vinblastine-paclitaxel?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/mitosis-meiosis-and-the-cell-cycle?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 223: Which type(s) of diabetes may be treated with pramlintide (amylin analogs)? _____
Answer: T1DM and T2DM
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 224: The treatment for barbiturate overdose is mainly _____ treatment, but excretion can be enhanced with urinary alkalinization
Answer: supportive
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Barbiturates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-barbiturates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 225: Most opioid analgesics cause _____
Answer: miosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 226: What is the most common side effect of SNRIs? _____
Answer: Hypertension
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 227: Do ADP receptor inhibitors reduce symptoms of claudication in peripheral artery disease? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 228: Acetazolamide is a diuretic that inhibits the enzyme _____
Answer: carbonic anhydrase
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Acetazolamide, mannitol [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-acetazolamide-mannitol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 229: Fentanyl and morphine are opioid agonists that may be used for _____ relief
Answer: pain
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 230: Duloxetine and _____ are SNRIs that are indicated for fibromyalgia
Answer: milnacipran
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 231: Glucocorticoids can cause atrophy of the _____ layer of the skin
Answer: dermal
Extra: Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 232: Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics have a(n) short duration of action due to rapid metabolism by the _____
Answer: liver
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 233: Erlotinib works as a(n) _____ inhibitor
Answer: EGFR tyrosine kinase
Extra: Watch Imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vemurafenib [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-imatinib-erlotinib-sorafenib-sunitinib-vemurafenib?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 234: Serotonin syndrome as a side effect of ondansetron is more common in patients with concommitant use of drugs that increase levels of _____
Answer: serotonin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 235: Valproate is a(n) _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inhibitor
Extra: Watch General Pharmacology Toxins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-cocci-staphylococcus-epidermidis-and-saprophyticus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 236: Amantadine increases dopamine synthesis and _____
Answer: release
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 237: Cyclophosphamide must be bioactivated by the _____ in order to function
Answer: liver
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 238: Are cyclosporine and tacrolimus nephrotoxic? _____
Answer: Yes (highly)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 239: What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? _____
Answer: SSRIs
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/anxiety-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 240: Initially immune thrombocytopenia can be treated with steroids, but if it becomes refractory the patient can be given _____mab Bonus*- what drug inhibits the macrophages?
Answer: rituxi
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 241: Etanercept is used primarily for the treatment of _____ Arthritis
Answer: Rheumatoid
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology/immunosuppression/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 242: Trastuzumab is an IgG monoclonal antibody against the _____ receptor
Answer: Her2/Neu
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 243: _____ and nalbuphine are κ-opioid receptor agonists and weak μ-opioid receptor antagonists or partial agonists
Answer: Pentazocine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 244: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose, miglitol) are used to control the _____ glucose spike
Answer: postprandial
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 245: What effect does dobutamine have on HR and contractility? _____
Answer: Increased HR/contractility (β1 agonist)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 246: Prostacyclin analogs (epoprostenol/iloprost) can cause decreased platelet aggregation and are potent _____
Answer: vasodilators
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 247: Propranolol is a β-blocker that is useful for the treatment of _____ storm
Answer: thyroid
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 248: Glucocorticoids may cause _____ due to inhibition of osteoblast activity *bonus: what supplements should be taken to prevent this?
Answer: osteoporosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 249: Regular insulin is characterized by _____ action and duration
Answer: short
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 250: PDE-5 inhibitors result in increased blood flow in the _____ of the penis
Answer: corpus cavernosum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 251: Ezetimibe indirectly _____ HMG CoA reductase activity and thus _____ cholesterol synthesis by the liver
Answer: increases
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 252: Polluted/high altitude H2O may contain _____, which can cause methemoglobinemia
Answer: nitrites
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemoglobin/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 253: Organic nitrates are metabolized and release _____
Answer: nitric oxide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Nitrates) Watch Nitrates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-nitrates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 254: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics cause _____ anti-α1 side effects
Answer: less
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 255: Deferoxamine, deferasirox, and deferiprone are iron _____
Answer: chelators
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 256: Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is synthesized by the platelet enzyme _____
Answer: cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 257: What is the mechanism by which combined contraceptives (progestins + estradiol) act as a contraceptive? _____
Answer: Inhibit ovulation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 258: Hydroxyurea is useful in the treatment of sickle cell anemia because it increases levels of _____ (typically greater than 15%)
Answer: HbF
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 259: Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody against the platelet _____ cell surface receptor
Answer: GpIIb/IIIa
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 260: Which anti-epileptic may be used to treat peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia (chronic pain)? _____
Answer: Gabapentin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 261: Bosentan antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, causing _____ pulmonary vascular resistance
Answer: decreased
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 262: Mycophenolate mofetil is associated with _____glycemia
Answer: hyper
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 263: The inhaled anesthetic halothane is most commonly associated with _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: hepatotoxicity
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 264: Febuxostat is a treatment for chronic gout, as it inhibits _____
Answer: xanthine oxidase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 265: What class of drugs may inhibit the renal-protective aspect of loop diuretics? _____
Answer: NSAIDs (decreased prostaglandin synthesis)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki ↓ afferent arteriole dilation = ↓ blood coming in for diuresis
Flashcard 266: Topiramate increases GABA action via allosterically binding to the _____ receptor
Answer: GABAA
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 267: Which dyslipidemia drug is associated with hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia as possible adverse effects? _____
Answer: Niacin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 268: Pharmacology: Cholestatic Drugs Patients using Obeticholic Acid commonly experience _____, but incorrect dosing can lead to serious liver injury
Answer: itching
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 269: What is the route of administration of direct factor Xa inhibitors (apixaban, rivaroxaban)? _____
Answer: Oral
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 270: Xanthine Oxidase inhibitors can be used for prophylaxis of _____ stones
Answer: Uric Acid
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 271: _____ (and _____) bind the ATP-dependent K+ channels on pancreatic β cells, causing release of endogenous insulin
Answer: Sulfonylureas
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 272: What osteoporosis drug has side effects that include acid reflux, esophagitis, and esophageal ulcers? _____
Answer: Bisphosphonates (oral)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 273: Is sirolimus (rapamycin) nephrotoxic? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology/immunosuppression/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 274: Carbamazepine exerts its effects by blocking _____ channels
Answer: Na+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 275: Finasteride is used to treat _____ and male-pattern baldness
Answer: BPH
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 276: Topiramate is an anti-epileptic associated with weight _____
Answer: loss
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 277: What drug class does rivaroxaban and apixaban belong to? _____
Answer: Direct Xa inhibitors
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 278: Warfarin's onset of action is _____ - _____ hours (slow)
Answer: 8
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 279: What treatment for headaches is associated with serotonin syndrome? _____
Answer: Triptans
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Pharm Watch Triptans & migraine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-triptans-and-migraine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/headache?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 280: What type of anemia will rarely be caused by NSAID therapy? _____
Answer: Aplastic anemia
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 281: Opioid analgesics are associated with CNS _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: depression
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 282: What are the routes of administration of heparin? _____ or _____
Answer: IV
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 283: What effect do class IC antiarrhythmics have on action potential duration? _____
Answer: No effect
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 284: _____ antagonizes D2 receptors in the area postrema (treats chemotherapy induced vomiting)
Answer: Metoclopramide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 285: What type of local anesthetic are procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine? _____
Answer: Esters
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 286: IV benzodiazepines, such as _____ and diazepam, are the 1st-line agents for treatment for acute status epilepticus
Answer: lorazepam
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 287: The inhaled anesthetic enflurane can induce seizures and cause _____-toxicity as adverse effects
Answer: nephro
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 288: In addition to Na+ channels, Class IA antiarrhythmics also block _____ channels
Answer: K+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 289: Cocaine may induce coronary _____, which can cause myocardial ischemia and Prinzmetal angina
Answer: vasospasm
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 290: Evolocumab and alirocumab are lipid-lowering agents that inhibit _____
Answer: PCSK9
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 291: _____ diuretics may be useful for attenuating bone loss in patients with osteoporosis
Answer: Thiazide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 292: Dihydroergotamine is not frequently used for migraine treatment due to its significant side effect profile, including _____ and vasospastic (prinzmetal) angina
Answer: gangrene
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/headache?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 293: Mirtazapine causes _____ appetite and weight _____
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 294: Cardiac glycosides lead to _____ levels of intracellular Na+
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 295: What compartment is the majority of a drug with low Vd found in? _____
Answer: Intravascular (e.g. plasma)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 296: Which chemotherapeutic drug is the most widely-used treatment of a organ/graft rejection? _____
Answer: Azathioprine/6-MP
Extra: Watch Azathioprine, 6 mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-azathioprine-6-mercaptopurine-mycophenolate-mofetil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 297: The main advantage pregabalin has over gabapentin is that it is _____ bioavailable
Answer: more
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 298: Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic, can cause both hyper- or hypo-_____
Answer: thyroidism
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 299: When activated, α1-adrenergic receptors cause _____ of vascular smooth muscle
Answer: contraction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 300: Misoprostol is contraindicated in _____ due to its _____ effects
Answer: women of childbearing potential
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 301: What class of anti-platelet drugs may cause TTP as an adverse effect? _____
Answer: ADP receptor inhibitors
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 302: Thrombolytics are contraindicated in patients with severe _____
Answer: hypertension
Extra: Watch Thrombolytics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-thrombolytics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 303: Levothyroxine = _____ Triiodothyronine = synthetic T3
Answer: synthetic T4
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 304: Which anticoagulant has the greatest efficacy on factor Xa? _____
Answer: LMWH
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki UWorld:
Flashcard 305: Peripheral conversion of levodopa may cause cardiac _____
Answer: arrhythmias
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 306: _____ and _____ are D2 receptor agonists, which may be used to treat acromegaly by inhibiting secretion of GH from the anterior pituitary
Answer: Cabergoline
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Growth hormone, mecasermin, octreotide, pegvisomant [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-growth-hormone-mecasermin-octreotide-pegvisomant?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 307: Toxic doses of quinidine, an antiarrhythmic drug, may cause _____, which is a syndrome of tinnitus, headache, and dizziness
Answer: cinchonism
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 308: Adenosine is an antiarrhythmic that is less effective in the presence of _____ and caffeine (methylxanthines)
Answer: theophylline
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class V [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-v?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 309: Nitroprusside promotes smooth muscle relaxation by increasing _____ (via direct release of NO)
Answer: cGMP
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 310: Octreotide may cause _____ side effects
Answer: GI
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Growth hormone, mecasermin, octreotide, pegvisomant [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-growth-hormone-mecasermin-octreotide-pegvisomant?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 311: Opioid agonists (e.g. loperamide) increase colonic phasic _____ contractions, causing increased colonic transit time
Answer: segmentation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 312: What drug class do sertraline and fluvoxamine belong to? _____
Answer: SSRIs
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 313: What effect do thiazide diuretics have on serum Ca2+ levels? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: Watch Calcium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-calcium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephron-transporters?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/sodium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 314: _____ is a κ-opioid receptor agonist and μ-opioid receptor partial agonist
Answer: Butorphanol
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 315: Are statins competitive or non-competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase? Reversible or irreversible? _____
Answer: Reversible competitive inhibitors
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/myocardial-infarction?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 316: Patients taking Erlotinib can get a(n) _____ rash
Answer: papulopustular acneiform
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 317: Non-dihydropyridine CCBs may cause excessive AV block when combined with _____-adrenergic antagonists
Answer: β
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/conduction-blocks?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 318: What type of drug are class IV antiarrhythmics? _____
Answer: Non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class IV [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iv?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 319: At _____ urine pH, the A- form of a weak acid exists, thus increasing excretion
Answer: alkaline
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 320: What classes of drugs are used to treat asthma by blocking inflammation (late response)? _____, anti-leukotrienes, and anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies
Answer: Inhaled corticosteroids
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 321: Gabapentin is a(n) _____ spectrum anti-epileptic
Answer: narrow
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 322: Ferrous Sulfate often causes a dose-dependent _____
Answer: constipation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 323: Phenylephrine may be used to treat nasal _____
Answer: congestion
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 324: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose, miglitol) are infrequently prescribed due to their ability to cause _____, _____, and abdominal pain as side effects
Answer: diarrhea
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 325: What drug class does trazodone belong to? _____
Answer: Atypical antidepressants
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 326: Cinacalcet is used to treat hypercalcemia secondary to _____
Answer: hyperparathyroidism
Extra: Watch Teriparatide, vitamin D, cinacalcet, sevelamer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-teriparatide-vitamin-d-cinacalcet-sevelamer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 327: Immune thrombocytopenia can be treated with the TPO receptor agonists _____ and _____
Answer: eltrombopag
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 328: Activation of α2 adrenergic receptors on ciliary bodies causes _____ aqueous humor production
Answer: decreased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 329: The anti-coagulants _____ and _____ are reduced early in warfarin therapy, leading to a(n) hyper-coagulable state
Answer: protein C
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki also decreases levels of factors II, VII, IX, and X
Flashcard 330: Warfarin has a(n) _____ half-life
Answer: long
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 331: Eltrombopag is a(n) _____ receptor agonist used to treat thrombocytopenia
Answer: thrombopoetin
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Immunology Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 332: Side effects of spironolactone and ketoconazole include amenorrhea (females) and _____ (males)
Answer: gynecomastia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antifungals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 333: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody targets vascular endothelial growth factor? _____
Answer: bevacizumab
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 334: Capsaicin causes excessive activation of _____, resulting in defunctionalization of nociceptive nerve fibers
Answer: TRPV1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 335: _____ is a peptide hormone that directly inhibits osteoclasts, causing decreased bone resorption
Answer: Calcitonin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/anatomy/anatomy-and-physiology/videos/endocrine-system?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 336: Sildenafil and tadalafil are examples of _____ inhibitors
Answer: PDE-5
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 337: Do 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists cross the blood-brain-barrier? _____
Answer: Yes (lipophilic)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 338: _____ is a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor used to increase the bioavailability of levodopa
Answer: Carbidopa
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dna-to-protein/amino-acids/acquire?ref=anki carbidopa "car" scares L-dopa inside - prevents conversion of L-dopa into dopamine. also decreases peripheral side effects of dopamine (n/v, orthostatic hypotension)
Flashcard 339: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with lamotrigine? _____
Answer: All three (partial, tonic-clonic, absence)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 340: Nimodipine is a Ca2+ channel blocker that is used to prevent cerebral vasospasm following a(n) _____
Answer: subarachnoid hemorrhage
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Epidural Hematoma, Subdural Hematoma, & Subarachnoid Hemorrhage [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-cerebrovascular-epidural-hematoma-subdural-hematoma-and-subarachnoid-hemorrhage?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/aneurysms-and-intracranial-hemorrhage?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 341: Which antacid is associated with constipation if overused? _____
Answer: Aluminum hydroxide
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Antacids) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 342: What effect do loop diuretics have on serum Mg2+ levels? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypomagnesemia)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephron-transporters?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 343: Sotalol is a class _____ antiarrhythmic that also has class II (β-blocker) activity
Answer: III
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 344: Which form(s) of cyclooxygenase synthesize prostaglandins that increase pain sensitivity? _____
Answer: COX-2
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 345: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with gabapentin? _____
Answer: Partial
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 346: The mechanism of action of laxatives is via a change in the _____
Answer: consistency of feces
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 347: Metoprolol is a β-blocker that is associated with _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: dyslipidemia
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 348: What effect may loop diuretics have on serum K+ levels? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypokalemia)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 349: Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside that inhibits the _____ pump by binding to the K+ site
Answer: Na+-K+ ATPase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 350: What adverse effect is associated with cinacalcet? _____
Answer: Hypocalcemia (due to decreased PTH)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine Watch Teriparatide, vitamin D, cinacalcet, sevelamer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-teriparatide-vitamin-d-cinacalcet-sevelamer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 351: SSRIs inhibit the pre-synaptic reuptake of _____
Answer: serotonin (5-HT)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 352: Which atypical antipsychotic is a D2 partial agonist? _____
Answer: Aripiprazole
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki a wee pip is all you need (of dopamine) → ↓ extrapyramidal effects and ↓ hyperprolactinemia
Flashcard 353: Adenosine causes coronary _____ via its action on A2 receptors
Answer: dilation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class V [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-v?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 354: β-blockers are useful in the treatment of _____, especially in patients with heart failure or post-MI
Answer: hypertension
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 355: What drug class do asenapine, clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine belong to? _____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 356: What drug class does thiopental belong to? _____
Answer: Barbiturates
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Barbiturates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-barbiturates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 357: What vasoconstrictor is often given with local anesthetics? _____
Answer: Epinephrine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 358: Ivabradine can cause cardiac side effects of _____ and hypertension
Answer: bradycardia
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 359: Glucocorticoids are useful for _____ therapy (e.g. transplant rejection prevention, treatment of autoimmune disorders)
Answer: immunosuppressive
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 360: _____ is a monoclonal antibody directed against the Fc portion of IgE, preventing mast cell sensitization
Answer: Omalizumab
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 361: Binding of ADP to the P2Y12 receptor leads to decreased _____ formation which favors platelet activation
Answer: cAMP
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 362: What is the mechanism of action of flutamide? _____
Answer: Androgen receptor antagonist (competitive inhibitor)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 363: What adverse hematologic effect is associated with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors? _____
Answer: Thrombocytopenia
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 364: Which test is used to follow the effects of warfarin (coumadin)? _____
Answer: PT (via INR), but both are increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/bleeding/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 365: What is the effect of cardiac glycosides on contractility? _____
Answer: Increased contractility
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 366: Does heparin cross the placenta? _____
Answer: No (water soluble)
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 367: Due to its anti-angiogenic effect, Bevacizumab poses an increased risk of _____ and impairs wound healing
Answer: bleeding
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 368: Vitamin _____ can enhance the anticoagulant effects of warfarin
Answer: E
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 369: What drug class do anastrozole and letrozole belong to? _____
Answer: Aromatase inhibitors
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 370: Epoprostenol and iloprost have direct vaso-_____ effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds
Answer: dilatory
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 371: What drug class do meloxicam and piroxicam belong to? _____
Answer: NSAIDs
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 372: Clonidine is a(n) _____-adrenergic agonist that primary affects the CNS
Answer: α2
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 373: _____ is an immunosuppressant that can be used in drug-eluting stents
Answer: Sirolimus (rapamycin)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 374: Flutamide is used for _____ carcinoma
Answer: prostate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/uro-misc/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 375: What effect do class III antiarrhythmics have on action potential duration? _____
Answer: Increased AP duration
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 376: Warfarin is an anti-coagulant that intereferes with _____ of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X)
Answer: γ-carboxylation
Extra: Watch Vitamin K [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-k?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 377: Prostatic adenocarcinoma may be treated with _____ analogs (e.g. leuprolide) and/or _____ receptor inhibitors (e.g. flutamide)
Answer: GnRH
Extra: Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/prostate/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 378: Probenecid inhibits the kidney’s _____ and the urate transporters (URAT) in the proximal tubule
Answer: organic anion transporters (OAT)
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 379: α antagonists (e.g. phentolamine) can be used to treat _____ toxicity
Answer: cocaine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 380: Adverse effects associated with nitrates include _____ and syncope due to pooling of blood in veins
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Nitrates) Watch Nitrates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-nitrates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 381: Rituximab is indicated for _____ purpura
Answer: immune thrombocytopenic
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 382: Aspirin toxicity may be treated with _____ of serum/urine
Answer: alkalinization
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 383: _____ diabetes insipidus may be caused by drugs such as lithium and demeclocycline
Answer: Nephrogenic
Extra: Watch Diabetes Insipidus & SIADH [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-diabetes-insipidus-and-siadh?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 384: The facial flushing seen with vitamin B3 excess is mediated by _____
Answer: prostaglandins
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 385: _____ are used to treat hyperemesis gravidarum
Answer: H1 antagonists
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 386: What is the first clotting factor to be reduced when starting warfarin therapy? _____
Answer: Factor VII
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 387: Triptans inhibit _____ nerve activation
Answer: trigeminal
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Pharm Watch Triptans & migraine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-triptans-and-migraine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 388: Chimeric biologics can be recognized as their names will include the infix -_____-
Answer: xi
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 389: Theophylline use is limited due to its narrow _____
Answer: therapeutic index
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 390: _____ is a(n) D1 receptor agonist that may be used in the treatment of hypertensive emergency to prevent kidney damage
Answer: Fenoldopam
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 391: Nitroprusside is associated with _____ poisoning, which may present as - lactic acidosis - seizures - altered mental status
Answer: cyanide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 392: In the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, Ivacaftor works by _____ of the CFTR protein
Answer: stimulating activity
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 393: Does Teriparatide have the exact same activity as endogenous PTH? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Watch Teriparatide, vitamin D, cinacalcet, sevelamer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-teriparatide-vitamin-d-cinacalcet-sevelamer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 394: 6-mercaptopurine (and thus azathioprine) are degraded by the enzyme _____
Answer: xanthine oxidase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology/immunosuppression/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 395: _____ is an antagonist at breast and uterus and an agonist at bone
Answer: Raloxifene
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 396: In treating β-blocker toxicity, IV saline is given to _____
Answer: restore blood pressure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 397: Loop diuretics decrease the lumen positive potential, thus promoting the excretion of _____ and _____
Answer: Ca2+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 398: Estrogen analogs induce a(n) _____-coagulable state
Answer: hyper
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 399: Leuprolide, Goserelin, and Buserelin are GnRH analogues with _____ properties when used in a pulsatile fashion
Answer: agonist
Extra: Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Reproductive [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 400: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody is associated with heart failure (cardiotoxicity)? _____
Answer: trastuzumab (herceptin)
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 401: _____ poisoning may occur through the ingestion of amygdalin, which is a glucoside found in apricot seeds
Answer: Cyanide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 402: Thiazide diuretics may cause _____-natremia as an adverse effect
Answer: hypo
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 403: Suvorexant is contraindicated in patients taking strong _____ inhibitors
Answer: CYP3A4
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 404: Are NSAIDs useful as antipyretics and analgesics? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 405: Theophylline can cause _____
Answer: tachycardia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki narrow therapeutic window that may be altered by drugs/illness that inhibit liver CYP-450
Flashcard 406: What GAS virulence factor can be given to patients with clots? _____
Answer: Streptokinase: converts plasminogen to plasmin, which is fibrinolytic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 407: Vitamin B3 (niacin) excess is characterized by _____; can be avoided by taking NSAIDs if given 30-60 minutes before administration
Answer: facial flushing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 408: Which three drugs are used to treat acute gout? _____
Answer: NSAIDs (do not use salicylates) > colchicine > glucocorticoids
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 409: What effect do statins have on triglyceride levels? _____
Answer: Mild decrease
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Statins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-statins?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 410: As part of the reversal of digoxin toxicity, _____ can be given to chelate Digoxin
Answer: anti-digoxin Fab fragments
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 411: Which gout drug disrupts leukocyte migration, phagocytosis and degranulation? _____
Answer: Colchicine
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 412: What effect does fenoldopam have on renal arteries? _____
Answer: Dilation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 413: What laboratory assay is used to follow the effects of warfarin? _____
Answer: PT/INR
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 414: What classes of antiarrhythmics are used for ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation and flutter? _____
Answer: Class II and IV
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class II [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-ii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 415: High dose Glucocorticoids may exert mineralocorticoid effects leading to increased _____ excretion
Answer: potassium
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 416: Combined contraceptives are contraindicated in patients with increased risk for _____ disease
Answer: cardiovascular
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 417: Naltrexone is a μ-opioid antagonist that can help with weight _____
Answer: loss
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 418: What is the route of administration of leukotriene D4-receptor antagonists (e.g. montelukast, zafirlukast)? _____
Answer: Oral administration
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 419: What class of anti-platelet drugs may cause thrombocytopenia as an adverse effect? _____
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 420: Do cardioselective β-blockers reduce mortality in CHF and post-MI? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki reason: prevents SNS remodeling of myocardium
Flashcard 421: What drug class does quinidine belong to? _____
Answer: Class IA antiarrhythmics
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 422: How do sulfonylurea drugs (e.g. tolbutamide, glyburde) cause an increased insulin secretion? _____
Answer: By closing the ATP-dependent K+ channels, causing depolarization and subsequent insulin release
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 423: Besides CNS depression, side effects of barbiturates include _____ and _____ depression, which can be fatal
Answer: cardiac
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Barbiturates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-barbiturates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 424: Latanoprost and bimatoprost can produce _____ pigmentation in the iris and can cause eyelash growth
Answer: brown
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 425: To treat the Hemorrhagic Cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide, the compound _____ can be administered
Answer: MESNA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 426: One treatment for cyanide poisoning is _____, which induces methemoglobinemia
Answer: amyl nitrite
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/electron-transport-chain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 427: What is the first line treatment for partial (focal) seizures? _____
Answer: Carbamazepine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 428: Chronic vitamin A toxicity may cause _____ and dry skin
Answer: alopecia
Extra: Watch Vitamin A [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-minerals/videos/medical-biochemistry-vitamins-and-minerals-fat-soluble-vitamins-vitamin-a?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 429: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose, miglitol) reduce the activity of alpha-glucosidases on the _____, thus delaying carbohydrate hydrolysis and absorption
Answer: intestinal brush border
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 430: _____ has the shortest duration of action of the 2nd generation sulfonylureas and thus least risk of hypoglycemia
Answer: Glipizide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 431: What is the most serious adverse effect associated with antipsychotics? _____
Answer: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/catatonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 432: Which antacid is associated with hyporeflexia, hypotension and cardiac arrest if overused? _____
Answer: Magnesium hydroxide
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Antacids) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 433: What drug class do gemfibrozil and fenofibrate belong to? _____
Answer: Fibrates
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Fibrates, niacin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-fibrates-niacin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 434: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with phenytoin? _____
Answer: Partial and tonic-clonic
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 435: Do most NSAIDs reversibly or irreversibly inhibit COX-1 and COX-2? _____
Answer: Reversibly (except aspirin)
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 436: EDTA is a(n) chelator used for _____ poisoning
Answer: heavy metal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 437: Teriparatide is a(n) _____ used to treat osteoporosis, wherein the goal is to increase bone density and formation
Answer: PTH analog
Extra: Watch Teriparatide, vitamin D, cinacalcet, sevelamer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-teriparatide-vitamin-d-cinacalcet-sevelamer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 438: Which clotting factors are inactivated by unfractionated heparin? _____
Answer: Thrombin (IIa) and factor Xa
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 439: MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking the opioid analgesic _____
Answer: meperidine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 440: SGLT2 inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with _____ insufficiency
Answer: renal
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 441: What type of β-blocker is carvedilol? _____
Answer: Non-selective β- and α1-antagonist
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 442: Side effects of danazol include decreased HDL and _____-toxicity
Answer: hepato
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 443: Sunitinib and sorafenib treat cancer due to VEGFR overexpression, such as _____ carcinoma
Answer: renal cell
Extra: Watch Imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vemurafenib [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-imatinib-erlotinib-sorafenib-sunitinib-vemurafenib?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 444: Which two inhaled anaesthetics are preferred in patients with asthma? _____
Answer: Halothane and sevoflurane
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 445: Dopamine may be used as a pressor in the treatment of _____ refractory to other agents (e.g. norepinephrine)
Answer: shock
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/shock/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 446: Codeine and dextromethorphan are opioid agonists that may be used as anti-_____
Answer: tussives
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 447: Triptans _____ release of vasoactive peptides
Answer: prevent
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Pharm Watch Triptans & migraine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-triptans-and-migraine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/headache?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 448: Ifosfamide, Cisplatin, and expired Tetracyclines may cause _____
Answer: type 2 RTA
Extra: * noted in sketchy but without associated text on image Watch Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-renal-tubular-acidosis-rta?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/acid-base-physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 449: Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, has a slow onset of action (days)? _____
Answer: Warfarin
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 450: Are 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists associated with drowsiness? _____
Answer: Yes (cross BBB and have central effects)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 451: Statins (e.g. simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin) exert their effects by inhibiting the enzyme _____, thus decreasing cholesterol production
Answer: HMG CoA reductase
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Statins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-statins?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 452: Inhaled anesthetics can cause myocardial _____
Answer: depression
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 453: What is the relative volume of distribution (Vd) of a small hydrophilic molecule? _____
Answer: Medium
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 454: Which antacid is associated with proximal muscle weakness and seizures if overused? _____
Answer: Aluminum hydroxide
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Antacids) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 455: Which opioid receptor does β-endorphin bind to? _____
Answer: μ-opioid receptor
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 456: Coronary steal syndrome occurs when administration of vasodilators shunts blood towards well-perfused areas, increasing ischemia in post-_____ regions
Answer: stenotic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki administration of vasodilators like adenosine/dipyridamole will “steal” blood away from the LAD (maximally dilated due to metabolic vasodilators) and to the circumflex, which isn’t maximally dilated yet
Flashcard 457: What drug class do hydroxyzine, meclizine and promethazine belong to? _____
Answer: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 458: _____ treat asthma by blocking inflammation and cellular infiltration
Answer: Corticosteroids
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 459: _____ are the only lipid-lowering drugs consistently proven to reduce risk of atherosclerotic heart disease
Answer: Statins
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Statins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-statins?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 460: What drug class do halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane belong to? _____
Answer: Inhaled anesthetics
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 461: At _____ doses, dopamine stimulates D1 receptors, especially in the renal vasculature
Answer: low
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 462: At _____ doses, dopamine stimulates β1 receptors
Answer: medium
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 463: Adverse effects of gabapentin include _____ and ataxia
Answer: sedation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 464: Chronic use of metoclopramide may lead to _____, especially in the elderly
Answer: tardive dyskinesia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 465: Mirtazapine may cause _____ mouth as an adverse effect
Answer: dry
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 466: Allopurinol can irritate the _____ tract
Answer: GI
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 467: What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning? _____
Answer: N-acetylcysteine
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 468: In addition to treatment of acromegaly, cabergoline and bromocriptine (D2 receptor agonists) may be useful in the treatment of hyper-_____
Answer: prolactinemia (e.g. prolactinoma)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 469: Propofol causes profound vaso-_____ of arteries and veins
Answer: dilation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Propofol, etomidate, ketamine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-propofol-etomidate-ketamine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 470: Sunitinib and sorafenib are associated with cutaneous _____ and skin rashes (adverse effects)
Answer: hyperkeratosis
Extra: Watch Imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vemurafenib [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-imatinib-erlotinib-sorafenib-sunitinib-vemurafenib?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 471: What coagulation factors are the principal targets of antithrombin? _____
Answer: IIa (thrombin) and Xa
Extra: Watch Acquired & Inherited Thrombosis Syndromes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-acquired-and-inherited-thrombosis-syndromes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 472: What drug class does abciximab belong to? _____
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 473: Opioid intoxication presents with pupillary _____
Answer: constriction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 474: Vitamin B3 (niacin) is used to treat _____
Answer: dyslipidemia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 475: What is the effect of oral contraceptives on coagulability? _____
Answer: Increases coaguability
Extra: Watch Acquired & Inherited Thrombosis Syndromes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-acquired-and-inherited-thrombosis-syndromes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 476: Which neuromuscular junction pathology is characterized by diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes? _____
Answer: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Extra: Watch Myasthenia Gravis & Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-muscle-myasthenia-gravis-and-lambert-eaton-myasthenic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 477: Metformin may cause modest weight _____
Answer: reduction
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 478: _____ is a chelating agent that may cause myopathy as an adverse effect
Answer: Penicillamine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 479: What class of diuretics is characterized by decreased urine Ca2+? _____
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Thiazides [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-thiazides?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 480: K+-sparing diuretics _____ K+ secretion and cause _____-kalemia
Answer: decrease
Extra: * e.g. amiloride and triamterene Watch Potassium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-potassium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 481: The Beers criteria are used to reduce potential inappropriate prescribing and harmful polypharmacy in the _____ population
Answer: geriatric
Extra: Watch Muscarinic antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-muscarinic-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 482: Isoproterenol causes _____ pulse pressure
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 483: Benzodiazepines may have additive CNS depression effects with _____, barbiturates, 1st generation antihistamines, and neuroleptics
Answer: alcohol
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 484: Because milrinone causes both systemic arteriolar and venous dilation, it should not be used in severely _____ patients
Answer: hypotensive
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 485: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with carbamazepine? _____
Answer: Partial and tonic-clonic
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 486: In addition to decreasing osteoclast activity, bisphosphonates also may induce osteoclast _____
Answer: apoptosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 487: β-blockers reduce cardiac remodeling by protecting the heart from excess circulating _____
Answer: catecholamines
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 488: Are β-blockers contraindicated in diabetic patients? _____
Answer: No
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 489: What class of drugs acts via suppression of NF-kB signaling? _____
Answer: Glucocorticoids
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 490: What adverse effect is common to all anticoagulants (heparin, direct thrombin inhibitors, direct Xa inhibitors, etc.) _____
Answer: Bleeding
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 491: Imatinib is a small molecule _____ inhibitor
Answer: tyrosine kinase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 492: What drug class does streptokinase belong to? _____
Answer: Thrombolytics
Extra: Watch Thrombolytics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-thrombolytics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 493: When activated, β2-adrenergic receptors cause _____ of vascular smooth muscle
Answer: relaxation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 494: Cyclophosphamide can cause a congenital syndrome (remember with the mnemonic conGEAL) - congenital: - G_____ - Ear and facial abnormalities - Absence of digits - Limb hypoplasia
Answer: rowth Restriction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 495: Methadone and buprenorphine are useful for opioid detoxication due to their _____ half lives
Answer: long
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 496: The most common side effect of Filgrastim is _____ pain
Answer: bone
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/blood-cells?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 497: What is the effect of nitrates and β-blockers on heart rate? _____
Answer: No effect or decreased
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Watch Nitrates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-nitrates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 498: Two main side effects of osmotic laxatives include _____ and _____
Answer: diarrhea
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 499: The most common side effect of statins is _____, which occurs weeks to months after starting therapy
Answer: myopathy
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Statins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-statins?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 500: Side effects of danazol include weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, and masculinization (_____ effects)
Answer: androgenic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 501: The major side effect of Palbociclib is _____
Answer: neutropenia
Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 502: Local anesthetics exert their actions by blocking _____ channels (via binding to specific receptors on the inner portion of the channel)
Answer: Na+
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 503: _____ is a lipophilic class III antiarrhythmic that also shares properties with class I, II, and IV antiarrhythmics
Answer: Amiodarone
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 504: What drug class do prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, and tamsulosin belong to? _____
Answer: Selective α1 antagonists ("-osins")
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 505: Nesiritide is a synthetic form of _____ used in the treatment of acute heart failure
Answer: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 506: Class I antiarrhythmics have _____ and thus selectively depress tissue that is frequently depolarized
Answer: use dependence
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 507: Tetrodotoxin binds fast voltage-gated _____ channels in cardiac/nerve tissue, preventing depolarization
Answer: Na+
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 508: What class of diabetic drugs is associated with increased risk of heart failure as a possible side effect? _____
Answer: Thiazolidinediones
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 509: The effect of aspirin on coagulation studies is _____
Answer: increased bleeding time, no change in PT and PTT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 510: Chronic use of senna causes brown pigmentation of the colon, known as _____
Answer: melanosis coli
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 511: Nonbenzodiazepene hypnotics should not be combined with other _____ depressants
Answer: CNS
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 512: The goal INR for warfarin therapy is typically between _____ - _____
Answer: 2
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 513: What class of diabetic drugs is associated with increased risk of fracture as a possible side effect? _____
Answer: Thiazolidinediones (glitazones)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 514: Histamine causes _____ of bronchial smooth muscle, especially in patients with asthma (H1 receptor activation)
Answer: constriction
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/hypersensitivities?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 515: Commonly associated drugs with DRESS syndrome include _____, carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfonamides
Answer: phenytoin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 516: Aspirin may cause a "pseudo-allergy" due to excess _____ synthesis
Answer: leukotriene
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease - ↑ LOX pathway when COX blocked. - this is a non-IgE-mediated reaction (pseudo-allergic reaction); treatment includes avoidance of NSAIDs and/or administration of leukotriene receptor antagonists (e.g. montelukast)
Flashcard 517: Bradykinin causes vaso-_____ and _____ vascular permeability
Answer: dilation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 518: Fibrates increase risk of _____ and thus should be used with caution in patients with biliary tract disease
Answer: cholesterol gallstones
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Fibrates, niacin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-fibrates-niacin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 519: Danazol is used to treat _____ and hereditary angioedema
Answer: endometriosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 520: Are class IA antiarrhythmics used to treat supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias? _____
Answer: Both :)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 521: Spironolactone may have anti-androgenic effects via direct antagonism of the _____ receptor
Answer: androgen
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 522: Pramlintide (amylin analog) is used to control the _____ glucose spike
Answer: postprandial
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 523: K+ sparing diuretics (e.g. spironolactone, eplerenone) are useful in the treatment of heart _____, especially in combination with loop diuretics
Answer: failure
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 524: Adverse effects of sirolimus (rapamycin) include _____ and insulin resistance
Answer: pancytopenia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 525: What drug class does ethacrynic acid belong to? _____
Answer: Loop diuretics
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 526: Inhibition of COX-1 by NSAIDs leads to _____ bleeding time
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 527: What non-volatile acid may be elevated with aspirin overdose? _____
Answer: Salicylic acid
Extra: Watch Acid/Base Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-acidbase-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/acid-base-physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 528: Dopamine may be used for the treatment of _____ failure and unstable bradycardia
Answer: heart
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 529: Diuretics, nitrates, ACE inhibitors, and dihydropyridine ca2+ channel blockers are contraindicated in _____
Answer: hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Extra: * remember that decreasing preload/after in HOCM can cause syncope/dizziness Watch Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-myocardial-and-pericardial-disorders-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/cardiomyopathy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 530: Imatinib can inhibit the receptor tyrosine kinase _____, making it useful for GI Stromal Tumors (GIST)
Answer: c-Kit
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 531: β-blocker toxicity is treated with _____, saline, or atropine
Answer: glucagon
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 532: _____ is a benzodiazepine that may be used as an IV anesthetic
Answer: Midazolam
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Propofol, etomidate, ketamine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-propofol-etomidate-ketamine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 533: One adverse effect associated with adenosine is cutaneous _____
Answer: flushing
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class V [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-v?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 534: Dobutamine causes _____ diastolic pressure
Answer: decreased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 535: TCAs, such as amitryptiline, may be used for _____ prophylaxis
Answer: migraine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Tricyclic antidepressants [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-tricyclic-antidepressants?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 536: Cardiac glycosides exert their actions via direct inhibition of the _____ pump
Answer: Na+-K+ ATPase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 537: Magnesium may be used as an antiarrhythmic to treat _____ toxicity
Answer: digoxin
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class V [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-v?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 538: _____ is a monoclonal IgG antibody against the GPIIb/IIIa receptor
Answer: Abciximab
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 539: _____ can be given IM or as a nasal spray to treat an acute opioid overdose in an unconscious individual
Answer: Naloxone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 540: β-blockers are useful in the prophylactic management of variceal bleeding by decreasing the hepatic venous pressure gradient and _____ hypertension
Answer: portal
Extra: Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 541: Acetazolamide causes decreased production of aqueous humor, which is useful in the management of _____
Answer: glaucoma
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Acetazolamide, mannitol [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-acetazolamide-mannitol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 542: Endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia can arise as a side effect of the chemotherapeutic drug _____
Answer: tamoxifen
Extra: Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 543: What effect do class III antiarrhythmics have on effective refractory period? _____
Answer: Increased ERP
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 544: Does renal function change with age? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal-failure?ref=anki
Flashcard 545: MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking the anti-tussive _____
Answer: dextromethorphan
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 546: Methotrexate can result in pulmonary fibrosis and ultimately _____ disease
Answer: restrictive lung
Extra: Watch Methotrexate, leucovorin, 5 fluorouracil, hydroxyurea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-methotrexate-leucovorin-5-fluorouracil-hydroxyurea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 547: Short-acting β2 agonists (e.g. albuterol) are administered as metered-dose inhalers for _____ relief of symptoms
Answer: acute
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 548: Class IV antiarrhythmics (non-dihydropyridine CCBs) are specific for the L-type calcium channel receptors in the _____
Answer: heart
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class IV [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iv?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 549: In the initial stages of warfarin therapy, there is a temporary deficiency of _____ compared to factors II, VII, IX, and X
Answer: protein C
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 550: _____ is a PGE1 analog that may be used to prevent NSAID-induced peptic ulcers
Answer: Misoprostol
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 551: SSRIs can cause weight _____
Answer: gain
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 552: Sevelamer is used to treat _____ due to chronic kidney disease
Answer: hyperphosphatemia
Extra: Watch Teriparatide, vitamin D, cinacalcet, sevelamer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-teriparatide-vitamin-d-cinacalcet-sevelamer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal-failure?ref=anki
Flashcard 553: Inhaled corticosteroids inactivate _____, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-α and other inflammatory agents
Answer: NF-κB
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 554: GLP-1 analogs cause decreased _____ release and gastric emptying
Answer: glucagon
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 555: What treatment for hyperammonemia acts by acidifying the GI tract, thus trapping NH4+ for excretion? _____
Answer: Lactulose
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 556: What catecholamine is used to treat anaphylactic shock? _____
Answer: Epinephrine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/shock?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/shock/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 557: What acid-base disorder may be caused by K+-sparing diuretics? _____
Answer: Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 558: In infected (acidic) tissue, _____ local anesthetics are required to achieve the desired effect
Answer: more
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 559: How does gastrin secretion change with chronic PPI use? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 560: What drug class does propafenone belong to? _____
Answer: Class IC antiarrhythmics
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 561: _____ class II antiarrhythmics, such as esmolol, can be used for intra-operative or other acute supraventricular arrhythmias (very short acting)
Answer: Intravenous
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class II [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-ii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 562: β-blockers may cause unopposed α1 agonism if given alone for _____ toxicity or pheochromocytoma
Answer: cocaine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Pheochromocytoma & Neuroblastoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-pheochromocytoma-and-neuroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 563: Ezetimibe may cause increased _____ function tests
Answer: liver
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 564: What pharmacotherapy can be used for the acute treatment of agitation / psychosis associated with delirium? _____
Answer: Antipsychotics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 565: Cyclophosphamide can be used as an immunosuppressant for the treatment of _____ nephritis, as well as for systemic vasculitides
Answer: lupus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 566: What type of drug interaction is the effect of substance A and B together being greater than the sum of their individual products? _____
Answer: Synergistic (e.g. clopidogrel with aspirin)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 567: Adverse effects of selective α2 antagonists (e.g. mirtazapine) include sedation, _____ appetite, and increased serum cholesterol
Answer: increased
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 568: Class I_____ antiarrhythmics may be used to treat Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, a type of SVT
Answer: A
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 569: Ranolazine inhibits the late phase of _____ current, thereby reducing diastolic wall tension and O2 consumption
Answer: Na+
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 570: Methimazole is used to treat hyperthyroidism by blocking _____
Answer: thyroid peroxidase only
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 571: Amiodarone can cause pulmonary _____ with progression to restrictive lung disease
Answer: fibrosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 572: _____ is a thioamide that works by inhibiting Thyroid peroxidase ONLY
Answer: Methimazole
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 573: Pancuronium, vecuronium, and rocuronium are _____ neuromuscular blocking agents
Answer: non-depolarizing
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 574: What drugs are risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma? _____, Phenacetin
Answer: Cyclophosphamide
Extra: Watch Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 575: What two cholesterol modulating medications should not be combined due to a high risk of causing rhabdomyolysis? _____
Answer: Statins + Fibrates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 576: A common adverse effect associated with niacin is cutaneous _____ and warmth due to increased prostaglandin activity
Answer: flushing
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Fibrates, niacin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-fibrates-niacin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 577: Symptoms of androgen excess, such as _____, in PCOS may be treated with spironolactone
Answer: hirsutism
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 578: Dobutamine causes mild vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 579: Dual-platelet therapy with aspirin and ADP receptor inhibitors is used to prevent coronary stent _____
Answer: thrombosis
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/coronary-artery-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 580: What adverse effect may -vaptans (tolvaptan, conivaptan) have on sodium levels? _____
Answer: Hypernatremia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch ADH, DDAVP, ADH receptor antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-adh-ddavp-adh-receptor-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 581: Non-specific adverse effects associated with carbamazepine include _____ and ataxia
Answer: diplopia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 582: Lugol's iodine is a large dose of _____ given to evoke the Wolff-Chaikoff effect
Answer: Potassium Iodide
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 583: One adverse effect associated with clonidine is _____
Answer: hypotension
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 584: Activation of the α2 adrenergic receptor causes _____ levels of intracellular cAMP
Answer: decreased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 585: Which uricosuric drug is used to treat chronic gout due to underexcretion? _____
Answer: Probenecid
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 586: _____ are a class of drugs that are useful in the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Answer: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 587: _____ and antithymocyte globulin can be used in the immunosuppressive treatment of immune mediated Aplastic Anemia
Answer: Cyclosporine
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 588: Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase via irreversible covalent _____
Answer: acetylation
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 589: What cancer may be treated with continuous leuprolide? _____
Answer: Prostate Carcinoma
Extra: Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/prostate/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 590: Adverse effects of ranolazine include _____, headache, and nausea
Answer: dizziness
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 591: Palbociclib is used to treat Breast Cancer that is ER _____ and HER2 _____
Answer: +
Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 592: Atracurium and mivacurium are _____ neuromuscular blocking agents
Answer: non-depolarizing
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 593: Metformin causes increased insulin _____, therefore enhancing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
Answer: sensitivity
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 594: Tricyclic antidepressants antagonize the _____ adrenergic receptor
Answer: α1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Tricyclic antidepressants [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-tricyclic-antidepressants?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki leading to orthostatic hypotension.
Flashcard 595: _____ inhibits the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase
Answer: Fomepizole
Extra: Watch Alcohol Metabolism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-alcohol-metabolism-alcohol-metabolism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 596: Metoclopramide may cause elevated _____ levels, which can cause galactorrhea, impotence, gynecomastia, and menstrual disorders
Answer: prolactin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 597: Amiodarone may cause _____ pneumonia
Answer: cryptogenic organizing
Extra: Watch Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 598: What drug class do iloperidone, paliperidone, and risperidone belong to? _____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 599: Statins may be _____, therefore avoid during the first trimester of pregnancy
Answer: teratogenic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Statins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-statins?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 600: Nebivolol blocks β_____ receptors and stimulates β_____ receptors
Answer: 1
Extra: Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 601: What inhaled anesthetic is commonly known as "laughing gas"? _____
Answer: Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 602: Lithium is a mood stabilizer that may cause _____-thyroidism as an adverse effect
Answer: hypo
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Lithium [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-lithium?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 603: _____ are lipid-lowering agents that may decrease the absorption of statins, thus these drugs should be given 4 hours apart
Answer: Bile acid resins
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 604: Do loop diuretics prolong life in heart failure? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 605: Do inhaled corticosteroids present with the typical adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy? _____
Answer: No, minimal systemic absorption
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 606: Trazodone can cause _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 607: Norepinephrine causes _____ systolic pressure
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 608: Treatment of uric acid kidney stones may include _____, especially in patients with gout
Answer: allopurinol
Extra: Watch Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) Stones, Uric Acid Stones, & Cystine Stones [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-magnesium-ammonium-phosphate-map-stones-uric-acid-stones-and-cystine-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrolithiasis?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 609: Do GLP-1 agonists and/or DPP-4 inhibitors cause hypoglycemia as a possible side effect? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 610: Pegloticase converts uric acid into water soluble _____
Answer: allantoin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 611: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists may cause dizziness and hypotension due to anti-_____ effects
Answer: α1-adrenergic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 612: β-blockers all have a "_____" suffix
Answer: -lol
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 613: The nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics bind to the same GABAA receptor allosteric site as _____
Answer: benzodiazepines (BZ1 subtype)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 614: Barbiturates increase Cl- conductance by increasing the _____ of channel opening
Answer: duration
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Barbiturates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-barbiturates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/conduction-physiology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 615: NSAIDs can cause _____ necrosis as an adverse effect
Answer: renal papillary
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 616: Bisphosphonates bind to _____ in bone, inhibiting osteoclast activity
Answer: hydroxyapatite
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 617: Pain management for osteoarthritis includes acetaminophen, _____, Celecoxib and/or intra-articular glucocorticoids
Answer: NSAIDs
Extra: * these drugs manage chronic inflammation Watch Osteoarthritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-osteoarthritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 618: _____, a class III antiarrhythmic, has many neurologic side effects (e.g. tremor, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, sleep disturbances)
Answer: Amiodarone
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 619: _____, a supplement high in omega-3 fatty acids, may be used to lower serum triglyceride levels
Answer: Fish oil
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Fibrates, niacin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-fibrates-niacin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 620: _____ is inhibited by Methimazole and PTU
Answer: Thyroperoxidase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 621: _____ upregulate the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by activating PPAR-α
Answer: Fibrates
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Fibrates, niacin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-fibrates-niacin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 622: What is the clinical use for butorphanol? _____
Answer: Severe pain relief (e.g. migraine, labor)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 623: Cyclosporine can be used to treat psoriasis and _____ arthritis
Answer: rheumatoid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 624: In addition to inhaled anesthetics, malignant hyperthermia may also be caused by _____ (muscle relaxant)
Answer: succinylcholine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/skeletal-muscle?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 625: Class IB antiarrhythmics can cause _____ side effects (e.g. paresthesias, tremor, convulsions)
Answer: neurological
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 626: In addition to preventing platelet aggregation, cilostazol and dipyridamole also cause vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 627: _____ is an ergot dopamine agonist that is rarely used to treat Parkinson disease
Answer: Bromocriptine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 628: Phenobarbital is a(n) _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inducer
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 629: Do 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists cross the blood-brain-barrier? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 630: Which antacid is associated with hypophosphatemia and osteodystrophy if overused? _____
Answer: Aluminum hydroxide
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Antacids) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 631: Sirolimus and cyclosporine are _____ when given with each other
Answer: synergistic
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology/immunosuppression/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 632: As an antineoplastic, Denosumab can be used for _____ as well as metastases to bone
Answer: Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Extra: Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Antineoplastics: Cancer Immunotherapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 633: The _____ dopamine receptor is coupled to Gs
Answer: D1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 634: The short-acting benzodiazepines may be remembered with the mnemonic "ATOM": A: _____ T: Triazolam O: Oxazepam M: Midazolam
Answer: Alprazolam
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 635: Athletes with polycythemia should be tested for _____ injection
Answer: exogenous erythropoetin
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Immunology https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 636: _____ is a thioamide that is NOT contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 637: Do local anesthetics cause hypo- or hypertension? _____
Answer: Can cause either :)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 638: _____ are first line agents for treatment of acute gout, as they block prostaglandin synthesis at COX
Answer: NSAIDs (e.g. indomethacin)
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 639: Chronic alcohol use leads to _____ of CYP-450
Answer: induction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 640: _____ are third-line agents for the treatment of acute gout, as they inhibit the immune response to MSU deposition in the joint
Answer: Glucocorticoids (e.g. prednisone)
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 641: Bevacizumab is an antitumor monoclonal antibody that targets _____
Answer: VEGF
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 642: What drugs are commonly associated with gynecomastia? _____
Answer: Spironolactone, Hormones, Cimetidine, and Ketoconazole
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 643: Which ENaC inhibitor increases calcium reabsorption? _____
Answer: Amiloride
Extra: Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/renal-pharmacology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 644: _____ is an ER antagonist at breast and a(n) agonist at bone and uterus
Answer: Tamoxifen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki ↑ risk of endometrial hyperplasia
Flashcard 645: At _____ urine pH, the B form of a weak base exists, thus decreasing excretion
Answer: alkaline
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 646: β-blockers can cause _____ in men as an adverse effect
Answer: impotence
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 647: Pregabalin is a gabapentinoid that works by binding the α2δ subunit of _____-type voltage gated _____ channels
Answer: N
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 648: How can prolactin excess be treated? _____
Answer: Dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine)
Extra: Watch Hyperpituitarism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hyperpituitarism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 649: What drug class do imipramine, desipramine, and clomipramine belong to? _____
Answer: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Tricyclic antidepressants [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-tricyclic-antidepressants?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 650: Increased Na+ delivery to principal cells (e.g. thiazide and loop diuretics) causes _____ K+ secretion
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephron-transporters?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 651: What drug class does ticlopidine belong to? _____
Answer: ADP receptor inhibitor
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 652: Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) may be used in the prevention or dissolution of _____
Answer: gallstones
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 653: What drug class do cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam belong do? _____
Answer: Bile acid resins
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 654: What is the primary effect of intermediate doses (300 - 2400mg/day) of aspirin? _____
Answer: Antipyretic and analgesic
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 655: Adverse effects of epoprostenol and iloprost include _____ and jaw pain
Answer: flushing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 656: Procarbazine has notable side effects; including pulmonary toxicity and _____emia *bonus: pts shouldn't eat what food?
Answer: leuk
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 657: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are examples of glitazones, also known as _____
Answer: thiazolidinediones
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki pioglitaZone = thiaZolidinedione
Flashcard 658: Ethacrynic acid is used for diuresis in patients allergic to _____ drugs, who thus cannot tolerate other loop diuretics
Answer: sulfa
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 659: Does suvorexant have addictive potential? _____
Answer: No
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 660: Vincristine can cause a(n) _____ neuropathy
Answer: peripheral sensory
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 661: What G protein is the H1 histamine receptor coupled to? _____
Answer: Gq
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 662: Loop diuretics may cause _____-magnesemia as an adverse effect
Answer: hypo
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 663: Procainamide, a class IA antiarrhythmic, can cause a reversible _____-like syndrome as an adverse effect
Answer: SLE
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 664: When proton pump inhibitors are unable to control gastric acid secretion, _____ (a long acting somatostatin analog) may be of use in treating gastrinomas
Answer: octreotide
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Gastroesophageal Refund) Watch H2 receptor blockers, PPIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-h2-receptor-blockers-ppis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 665: Peripheral conversion of levodopa may cause _____ distress
Answer: GI
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 666: One factor that predisposes to digoxin toxicity is _____, which increases binding of digoxin to Na+-K+ ATPase
Answer: hypokalemia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 667: _____ are used for treatment and long-term prevention of DVT
Answer: Oral anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin)
Extra: Watch Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 668: Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy may be treated with _____ or _____, which inhibits bone resorption
Answer: zoledronate (a bisphosphonate)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki inhibits osteoclasts
Flashcard 669: Because gut mucosa are a population of rapidly proliferating cells, people taking Leflunomide can experience _____
Answer: diarrhea
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 670: What is the effect of bromocriptine (a dopamine agonist) on prolactin secretion? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 671: Symptomatic treatment of _____ in MS patients may include baclofen or other GABAB receptor agonists
Answer: spasticity
Extra: Watch Multiple Sclerosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-spinal-cord-and-peripheral-nerve-multiple-sclerosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/demyelinating-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 672: What is the treatment for overdose of drugs that act as weak bases (e.g. amphetamines, TCAs)? _____
Answer: Ammonium chloride (acidify urine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 673: Antacids can affect _____ of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH
Answer: bioavailability
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Antacids) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 674: _____ and methimazole are thionamides used to treat hyperthyroidism
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 675: Allergic inflammation is mediated by histamine, which acts on the _____ histamine receptor
Answer: H1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/hypersensitivities?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 676: β-blockers _____ cardiac contractility
Answer: decrease
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 677: Besides MESNA, _____ can also be used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide use
Answer: N-acetylcysteine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 678: Class I_____ antiarrhythmics may be used to treat digitalis-induced arrhythmias
Answer: B
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 679: The following drugs are good for Hypertension and Heart Failure as they help prevent _____ ACE inhibitors, β-blockers (compensated HF), and Aldosterone Antagonists
Answer: cardiac remodeling
Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 680: PDE-5 inhibitors may cause life-threatening _____ in patients taking nitrates
Answer: hypotension
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/uro-misc/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 681: Class III antiarrhythmics may be used to treat _____ fibrillation (and flutter)
Answer: atrial
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 682: In general, prostaglandins cause vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 683: Binding of ADP to the P2Y12 receptor promotes optimal exposure of the _____ receptor on platelets
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 684: What effect do fibrates have on HDL levels? _____
Answer: Mildly increased HDL
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Fibrates, niacin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-fibrates-niacin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 685: _____ is a thioamide indicated in the treatment of thyroid storm (thyrotoxicosis)
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 686: Topiramate exerts its effects by increasing _____ channel inactivation
Answer: Na+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 687: In patients with cardiovascular disease history, Bevacizumab is contraindicated due to the increased risk of _____ events
Answer: Thrombotic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 688: What type of drug interaction is the effect of substance A and B together is equal to the sum of their individual products? _____
Answer: Additive (e.g. aspirin and acetaminophen)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 689: Oral bisphosphonates may cause _____ side effects
Answer: upper GI
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 690: What effect does chemotherapy have on serum potassium levels? _____
Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)
Extra: * extensive cell death -> release of intracellular potassium Watch Potassium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-potassium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 691: The most common side effect of metformin is _____
Answer: GI upset (e.g. nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 692: What hormone analog may be used to treat VIPoma and carcinoid syndrome? _____
Answer: Octreotide (somatostatin analog)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 693: What laboratory assay is used to follow heparin activity? _____
Answer: aPTT
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 694: How do glucocorticoids suppress the immune response? _____
Answer: By inhibiting production of IL-2 and subsequent T-cell proliferation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 695: _____ is a thyroid medication that can produce an ANCA-associated vasculitis
Answer: Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 696: _____ is a potentially lethal adverse effect associated with any drug that increases 5-HT
Answer: Serotonin syndrome
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/catatonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 697: What drug class does procainamide belong to? _____
Answer: Class IA antiarrhythmics
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 698: ADP receptor inhibitors (e.g. clopidogrel) prevent expression of _____ receptors on the platelet surface
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 699: Is etomidate used for the induction or maintenance of anesthesia? _____
Answer: Induction
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Propofol, etomidate, ketamine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-propofol-etomidate-ketamine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 700: Which anti-epileptic is most associated with drug-induced lupus? _____
Answer: Phenytoin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 701: Chronic gout due to overproduction is treated with _____ or febuxostat, which inhibit xanthine oxidase
Answer: allopurinol
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 702: ANP and BNP are endogenously metabolized by the enzyme _____
Answer: neprilysin
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 703: Thiocyanate and perchlorate are competitive inhibitors of the _____ pump, thus interfering with the synthesis of thyroid hormones
Answer: Na+-I- cotransport
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 704: The benzodiazepines that are safe to use in patients with liver disease may be remembered with the mnemonic "LOT": L: _____ O: Oxazepam T: Temazepam
Answer: Lorazepam
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 705: _____ are an immunosuppresive commonly used to treat acute gout
Answer: Glucocorticoids
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 706: Etanercept is a decoy soluble receptor that binds _____
Answer: TNF-a
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/rheumatoid-arthritis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 707: What group of drugs is the first line treatment for schizophrenia? _____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g. risperidone)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 708: Thrombolytics are contraindicated in patients with any signs of active _____
Answer: bleeds
Extra: Watch Thrombolytics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-thrombolytics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 709: Decreased magnesium absorption as a result of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may cause _____
Answer: hypomagnesemia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Gastroesophageal Refund) Watch H2 receptor blockers, PPIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-h2-receptor-blockers-ppis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 710: Cocaine causes vaso-_____
Answer: constriction
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 711: The potent diuretic effects of loop diuretics may lead to significant volume loss and thus _____
Answer: dehydration
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 712: Ketamine is an IV anesthetic that exerts its effect via inhibition of _____ receptors
Answer: NMDA
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Propofol, etomidate, ketamine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-propofol-etomidate-ketamine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 713: Peripheral conversion of levodopa may cause _____
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 714: Overdose of acetaminophen causes _____ necrosis
Answer: hepatic
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 715: Chronic digoxin use leads to Peaked T wave and QT interval shortening (due to hyperkalemia), and ST _____ with a "scooped" appearance on ECG
Answer: depression
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 716: Digoxin is useful in preventing _____ in atrial fibrillation and flutter ("rate control")
Answer: rapid ventricular response (RVR)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class V [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-v?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 717: Treatment with nusinersen increases your risk for _____
Answer: scoliosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 718: Dihydropyridine CCBs can worsen heart failure due to increased _____ activity induced by baroreceptor reflex activation
Answer: sympathetic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 719: What effect do class I antiarrhythmics have on conduction velocity of the myocardial action potential? _____
Answer: Decreased CV
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 720: Mirtazapine is a(n) _____-adrenergic antagonist, which increases pre-synaptic release of serotonin and norepinephrine
Answer: α2
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 721: Phenytoin is a(n) inducer of _____ and thus may have many drug interactions
Answer: cytochrome P450
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 722: Glucocorticoids may cause _____ as an adverse GI effect
Answer: peptic ulcers
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 723: What is the most common complication of PCP intoxication? _____
Answer: Trauma
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 724: Which NSAID is used as a tocolytic? _____
Answer: Indomethacin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 725: What is the cause of a hypercoagulable state in a patient on heparin therapy? _____
Answer: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Extra: Watch Quantitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/thrombocytopenia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 726: Are class IC antiarrhythmics used to treat supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias? _____
Answer: Both :)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 727: β-blockers treat angina by reducing _____ and _____, thus decreasing myocardial O2 demand
Answer: HR
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 728: What toxin is found in pufferfish? _____
Answer: Tetrodotoxin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 729: _____ and acebutolol are both partial β-agonists that are contraindicated in angina
Answer: Pindolol
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 730: _____ is a drug that inhibits glucocorticoid biosynthesis via inhibition of the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase
Answer: Metyrapone
Extra: * administration -> decreased cortisol -> loss of negative feedback on anterior pituitary -> increased ACTH secretion Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 731: When bound to bisphosphonate, _____ are unable to adhere to the bony surface, thus decreasing their activity
Answer: Osteoclasts
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Bisphosphonates, raloxifene, denosumab, calcitonin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-bisphosphonates-raloxifene-denosumab-calcitonin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 732: Misoprostol is not used very often due to its ability to cause _____ as a side effect
Answer: diarrhea
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 733: At _____ urine pH, the BH+ form of a weak base exists, thus increasing excretion
Answer: acidic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 734: Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics are primarily used for the treatment of _____
Answer: insomnia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 735: IV _____ antagonists, such as esmolol and metoprolol, can be used for hypertensive emergency
Answer: β1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki ↓ SNS effects on the heart (↓ CO → ↓ BP)
Flashcard 736: Hydralazine primarily dilates _____, leading to a decreased _____-load
Answer: arterioles
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 737: Pegloticase can result in what hematologic pathology? _____
Answer: Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 738: Mycophenolate Mofetil can be used to treat _____ Arthritis
Answer: Rheumatoid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 739: Timolol is a topical non-selective β-blocker that is used to treat _____
Answer: open angle glaucoma
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 740: What type of β-blocker is acebutolol? _____
Answer: Selective β1 antagonist (cardioselective)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 741: Meglitinides are not _____ and thus may be used to treat a T2DM patients with an allergy to _____
Answer: sulfa drugs
Extra: Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 742: Long-acting β2 agonists are used for _____ in moderate or severe persistent asthma
Answer: prophylaxis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 743: Adenosine may be used as a very _____ acting antiarrhythmic
Answer: short
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class V [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-v?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 744: Patients must wait _____ after stopping MAO inhibitors before starting serotonergic drugs and/or stopping dietary restrictions
Answer: 2 weeks
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 745: Clonidine is an α2 agonist that may be used to treat hypertensive _____ (limited situations)
Answer: urgency
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 746: Testing for _____ expression guides immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell carcinomas of the lung
Answer: PD-L1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 747: Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics exert their effects via binding to an allosteric site on the _____ receptor
Answer: GABAA
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-physiology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 748: One possible adverse effect of class IV antiarrhythmics is AV _____ due to decreased conduction through the AV node
Answer: block
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class IV [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iv?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 749: What type of β-blocker is esmolol? _____
Answer: Selective β1 antagonist (cardioselective)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 750: What is the effect of β-blockers alone on ejection time? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Watch Nitrates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-nitrates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 751: Which antacid is associated with hypercalcemia (milk-alkali syndrome) and rebound acid increase? _____
Answer: Calcium carbonate
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Antacids) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 752: Activation of β2 adrenergic receptors on ciliary bodies causes _____ aqueous humor production
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 753: Because Pembrolizumab targets a peripheral tolerance mechanism, patients taking this drug can develop autoimmune disorders of _____ organs
Answer: endocrine
Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 754: Compared to other hypnotics, ramelteon has relatively _____ side effects and is _____ to use in geriatric patients
Answer: few
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 755: _____ is the maximal effect a drug can produce
Answer: Efficacy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 756: Warfarin anti-coagulation can be reversed with _____ (delayed effect)
Answer: vitamin K
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 757: What effect may acetazolamide have on serum K+ levels? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypokalemia)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Acetazolamide, mannitol [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-acetazolamide-mannitol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 758: _____ and Nedocromil prevent mast cell degranulation (used for asthma prophylaxis)
Answer: Cromolyn sodium
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/blood-cells?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 759: Isoproterenol causes _____ mean arterial pressure
Answer: decreased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 760: The E-series prostaglandins are vaso-_____
Answer: dilators
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pathology/videos/inflammatory-response?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 761: What drug class does isocarboxazid belong to? _____
Answer: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 762: Adverse effects of chronic aspirin use include: - _____ injury - acute interstitial nephritis - GI bleeding
Answer: acute renal
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal-failure?ref=anki
Flashcard 763: _____ patients are more sensitive to the side effects of benzodiazepines (e.g. somnolence, confusion, disorientation)
Answer: Elderly
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 764: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can prevent the metabolism of tyramine (e.g. from wine or cheese ingestion), causing a(n) _____ crisis
Answer: hypertensive
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 765: What change in bowel movement is associated with activation of μ-opioid receptors? _____
Answer: Constipation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 766: What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for depression? _____
Answer: SSRIs
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 767: Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics work by decreasing _____
Answer: sleep latency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 768: What type of local anesthetic are lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine? _____
Answer: Amides
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 769: Dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone are all examples of _____
Answer: glucocorticoids
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 770: Which diuretics cause an increase in urine NaCl? _____
Answer: All diuretics :)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 771: Sevelamer is a compound that binds free _____ in the gastrointestinal tract
Answer: phosphate
Extra: Watch Teriparatide, vitamin D, cinacalcet, sevelamer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-teriparatide-vitamin-d-cinacalcet-sevelamer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal-failure?ref=anki
Flashcard 772: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists may stimulate appetite and cause weight gain due to anti-_____ effects
Answer: serotonergic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 773: _____ is a substance found in many aged foods (e.g. cheese, meats, alcohol)
Answer: Tyramine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dna-to-protein/amino-acids/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 774: Which PDE-5 inhibitor may be used to treat BPH? _____
Answer: Tadalafil
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/prostate/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 775: In the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, Natalizumab works by preventing extravasation of autoreactive _____ T Cells
Answer: CD8+
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 776: PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g. sildenafil, tadalafil) are indicated for _____ hypertension
Answer: pulmonary
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 777: Platinum based antineoplastics can cause side effects which might make ya say NOPE - N_____, in particular _____ - Ototoxicity - Peripheral Neuropathy - Emesis
Answer: ephrotoxicity
Extra: Watch Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, amifostine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-dna-and-cellular-division-cisplatin-carboplatin-oxaliplatin-amifostine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 778: Compared to unfractionated heparin, LMWH and fondaparinux are _____ likely to cause HIT
Answer: less
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 779: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody can treat vasculitides? _____
Answer: Rituximab
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 780: What formula is used to calculate loading dose? _____
Answer:
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 781: Aspirin is an NSAID that is associated with _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: tinnitus
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 782: Which kinase inhibitor can be used to treat non-small cell lung cancer due to EGFR overexpression? _____
Answer: Erlotinib
Extra: Watch Imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vemurafenib [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-imatinib-erlotinib-sorafenib-sunitinib-vemurafenib?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 783: _____ agonists can cause opioid withdrawal symptoms if the patient is also taking a full opioid agonist
Answer: Partial opioid
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 784: Sudden discontinuation of SSRIs or SNRIs can cause _____-like symptoms
Answer: flu
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 785: _____ is a thioamide that works by inhibiting Thyroid peroxidase AND 5'-Deiodinase
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 786: Valproic acid exerts its effects by increasing _____ channel inactivation and inhibiting GABA transaminase
Answer: Na+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 787: Misoprostol promotes increased production and secretion of a gastric _____ barrier and decreased _____ production
Answer: mucous
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 788: What type of drug interaction is an acute decrease in response to a drug after initial/repeated administration? _____
Answer: Tachyphylactic (e.g. nitrates, niacin, phenylephrine, LSD, MDMA)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 789: Amiloride is useful for the treatment of _____-induced diabetes insipidus
Answer: lithium
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 790: The typical antipsychotic chlorpromazine is associated with _____ deposits
Answer: corneal
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 791: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that may cause _____ and cardiomyopathy (cardiac complications)
Answer: myocarditis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 792: What effect does a competitive antagonist have on efficacy? _____
Answer: No change
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 793: _____ is a thioamide associated with severe hepatotoxicity
Answer: Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 794: Acute management of migraine headaches includes _____, triptans, or dihydroergotamine
Answer: NSAIDs
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Pharm Watch Triptans & migraine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-triptans-and-migraine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/headache?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 795: Loop diuretics attach to the Cl--binding site of the _____ cotransporter
Answer: Na+-K+-2Cl-
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 796: What drug class do enoxaparin and dalteparin belong to? _____
Answer: Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 797: Terbutaline is a selective _____ agonist that treats bronchoconstriction in asthma
Answer: β2
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 798: Which kinase inhibitor can be used to treat malignant melanoma due to V600E BRAF kinase overexpression? _____
Answer: Vemurafenib
Extra: Watch Imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vemurafenib [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-imatinib-erlotinib-sorafenib-sunitinib-vemurafenib?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/malignant-skin-disorders?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 799: Chronic glucocorticoid use may cause Iatrogenic _____ syndrome
Answer: Cushing
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 800: What drug can bind acrolein and prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide use? _____
Answer: MESNA (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 801: Leuprolide, Goserelin, and Buserelin are GnRH analogues with _____ properties when used in a continuous fashion
Answer: antagonist
Extra: Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Reproductive [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 802: Does warfarin cross the placenta? _____
Answer: Yes (lipid soluble)
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 803: Typical antipsychotics are associated with _____, such as acute dystonia, akathisia, and Parkinsonism
Answer: extrapyramidal symptoms
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 804: Compared to barbiturates, benzodiazepines have _____ risk of respiratory depression and coma
Answer: less
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 805: Which CNS adverse effect is associated with Rituximab? _____
Answer: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 806: NSAIDs, such as _____, may be used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Answer: indomethacin
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch ADH, DDAVP, ADH receptor antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-adh-ddavp-adh-receptor-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 807: Compared to heparin, LMWH and fondaparinux have _____ half-lives
Answer: longer
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 808: What drug used to treat hyperthyroidism is associated with hepatotoxicity? _____
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 809: Vigabatrin is an anti-epileptic that exerts its effects via inhibition of the enzyme _____
Answer: GABA transaminase
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 810: What is the suffix for small molecule kinase inhibitors? _____
Answer: -nib
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 811: Which chronic gout drug can result in degmacytes (bite cells) on peripheral blood smear? _____
Answer: Pegloticase
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 812: _____-dose Aspirin and Diuretics decrease uric acid secretion
Answer: Low
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 813: a-glucosidase inhibitors are not recommended if _____ function is impaired
Answer: kidney
Extra: Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine/diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 814: Are NSAIDs useful as anti-inflammatory agents? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 815: Inhaled anesthetics can cause respiratory _____
Answer: depression
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 816: What effect do cardiac glycosides have on intracellular Na+ concentration? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/biochemistry/videos/cell-biology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 817: In addition to ethosuximide, absence seizures may also be treated with _____ and lamotrigine
Answer: valproic acid
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Ethosuximide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-ethosuximide?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 818: Milrinone and inamrinone are _____ inhibitors used in the treatment of acute heart failure
Answer: PDE-3
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki Mechanism of action: nitrates and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors Exogenous nitrous oxide (NO) activates guanylyl cyclase, resulting in activation of protein kinase G. There is a reduction in intracellular calcium as a result of increased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) and an increase in myosin-light-chain-phosphatase (MLCP) activity, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. The net result of both pathways is vasodilation.
Flashcard 819: Which direct thrombin inhibitor is administered orally? _____
Answer: Dabigatran
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 820: The most common complication of insulin therapy is _____; may also experience lipodystrophy and hypersensitivity reaction (rare)
Answer: hypoglycemia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 821: Class III antiarrhythmics (K+ channel blockers) exert their effects by prolonging phase _____ and _____ of the myocardial action potential
Answer: 2
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 822: Vincristine is associated with autonomic dysfunction, specifically _____ and constipation
Answer: paralytic ileus
Extra: Watch Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-dna-and-cellular-division-vincristine-vinblastine-paclitaxel?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 823: What is the site of action of heparin? _____
Answer: Blood
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 824: _____ laxatives are non-absorbable substances that draw water into the intestinal lumen, causing distention and peristalsis
Answer: Osmotic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 825: Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) may be treated with _____ restriction, with conivaptan/tolvaptan, or with a tetracycline such as demeclocycline
Answer: water
Extra: * Vaper gun on bicycle man = -vaptans Watch Diabetes Insipidus & SIADH [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-diabetes-insipidus-and-siadh?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/posterior-pituitary/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 826: The effect of intermediate dose aspirin _____ mg/day is antipyretic and analgesic
Answer: 300-2400
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 827: Opiate receptor activation causes closure of _____-synaptic Ca2+ channels, which decreases release of neurotransmitters (e.g. ACh, NE, 5-HT, glutamate, substance P)
Answer: pre
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 828: What sensation is lost first with local anesthetics? _____
Answer: Pain
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 829: Steroid diabetes may be seen in patients on _____ therapy
Answer: glucocorticoid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 830: Taxane can affect rapidly dividing cells like follicular hair cells, resulting in _____
Answer: alopecia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Antineoplastics - Me Taxane, You Christine https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 831: Are class III antiarrhythmics used to treat supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias? _____
Answer: Both :)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class III [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 832: _____ interstitial nephritis is typically seen with patients who've been taking NSAIDs for a long time
Answer: Chronic
Extra: Watch Tubulointerstitial Nephritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-acute-kidney-injury-tubulointerstitial-nephritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/kidney-injury?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acute-kidney-injury/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 833: β-blockers may mask the effects of _____
Answer: hypoglycemia
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 834: What drugs increase risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy? _____
Answer: Natalizumab; Rituximab
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 835: Inhaled anesthetics with _____ arteriovenous concentration gradient have a faster onset of action
Answer: lower
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 836: Does aspirin inhibit COX-1 or COX-2? _____
Answer: Both :)
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 837: Benzodiazepines exert their effects via binding to an allosteric site on the _____ receptor
Answer: GABAA
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 838: Can PDE inhibitors reduce symptoms of claudication in peripheral artery disease? _____
Answer: Yes (e.g. cilostazol)
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 839: What compartment is the majority of a drug with medium Vd found in? _____
Answer: Extracellular fluid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 840: Class IA antiarrhythmics can cause _____ prolongation which precipitates torsades de pointes
Answer: QT interval
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 841: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on production of phospholipase A2? _____
Answer: Decreased (inhibition)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 842: Carbamazepine is a(n) inducer of _____ and thus may have many drug interactions
Answer: cytochrome P450
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 843: Because propofol is highly lipophilic, it _____ accumulates in tissues receiving high blood flow, and then is _____ redistributed to organs receiving less blood flow
Answer: quickly
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 844: Atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab are checkpoint inhibitors that bind to _____ on tumor cells
Answer: PD-L1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 845: PCSK9 Inhibitors (_____ and _____) work by inactivating LDL-receptor degradation, resulting in a dramatic decrease in LDL
Answer: alirocumab
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 846: Baclofen exerts its effects by activation of _____ receptors at the spinal cord level, causing muscle relaxation
Answer: GABAB
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 847: EC50 of a drug is indicative of _____
Answer: potency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 848: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody is used to treat SCC of the head and neck? _____
Answer: Cetuximab
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 849: As parkinson disease progresses, the therapeutic window for levodopa _____ and response becomes more unpredictable
Answer: narrows
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 850: Acute adverse effects of aspirin use are _____ and _____
Answer: gastric ulceration
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 851: DPP-4 inhibitors can increase risk of _____ tract infection
Answer: upper respiratory
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 852: Thiazide and loop diuretics _____ flow rate through the late DCT and collecting duct, thus decreasing luminal K+ concentration
Answer: increase
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 853: DPP-4 inhibitors increase levels of endogenously secreted _____
Answer: GLP-1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 854: Which of the vinca alkaloids is more commonly used in Hodgkin's lymphoma? _____
Answer: Vinblastine
Extra: Watch Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-dna-and-cellular-division-vincristine-vinblastine-paclitaxel?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/mitosis-meiosis-and-the-cell-cycle?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 855: ADP is released upon platelet degranulation and binds to _____ receptors on platelets, resulting in platelet aggregation
Answer: P2Y12
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 856: Both cimetidine and ranitidine decrease renal excretion of _____
Answer: creatinine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI Watch H2 receptor blockers, PPIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-h2-receptor-blockers-ppis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 857: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) _____ inhibit the H+/K+-ATPase pump, which is the final common pathway for H+ secretion
Answer: irreversibly
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Gastroesophageal Refund) Watch H2 receptor blockers, PPIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-h2-receptor-blockers-ppis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 858: Leukotriene D4 exerts its effects by binding to the _____ receptor
Answer: CysLT1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 859: Insulin Glulisine, Aspart, and Lispro are characterized by _____ action and duration
Answer: rapid
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 860: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on blood neutrophil levels? _____
Answer: Increased (neutrophilia) due to decreased WBC adhesion
Extra: Watch Cushings Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-internal-medicine-endocrinology-adrenal-disease-cushing-syndrome-soap?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 861: What GI side effect may be caused by opioid agonists? _____
Answer: Constipation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 862: Bevacizumab has an increased risk of _____ and thrombotic events
Answer: bleeding
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 863: What drug class does mexiletine belong to? _____
Answer: Class IB antiarrhythmics
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 864: NSAIDs can _____ blood pressure
Answer: increase
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 865: _____ reverses the sedative actions of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
Answer: Flumazenil
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 866: Does chronic barbiturate use lead to tolerance? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Barbiturates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-barbiturates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 867: What type of β-blocker is atenolol? _____
Answer: Selective β1 antagonist (cardioselective)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 868: Which loop diuretic is more ototoxic, furosemide or ethacrynic acid? _____
Answer: Ethacrynic acid
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 869: _____ is a synthetic analog of aldosterone with little glucocorticoid effects
Answer: Fludrocortisone
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 870: Are MAO inhibitors reversible or irreversible? _____
Answer: Irreversible
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 871: What class of autonomic drugs are contraindicated in cocaine toxicity? _____
Answer: β-blockers
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 872: Valproic acid is an anti-epileptic that may cause GI distress and _____ as adverse effects
Answer: pancreatitis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki CT shows fat-stranding and peripancreatic fluidother common drug classes include diuretics and antibiotics (e.g. metronidazole)
Flashcard 873: Huntington disease may be treated with _____ or reserpine, which inhibit VMAT, decreasing dopamine vesicle packaging and release
Answer: tetrabenazine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 874: Trazodone is a(n) _____ histamine receptor antagonist
Answer: H1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 875: The F-series prostaglandins are vaso-_____
Answer: constrictors
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pathology/videos/inflammatory-response?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 876: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with levetiracetam? _____
Answer: Partial and tonic-clonic
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 877: Digoxin exerts parasympathomimetic effects via direct stimulation of the _____ nerve, causing AV nodal inhibition
Answer: vagus
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class V [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-v?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 878: A potentially fatal _____philic delayed hypersensitivity reaction elicited by Allopurinol is DRESS Syndrome
Answer: eosino
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 879: Which kinase inhibitor can inhibit the c-kit tyrosine kinase that causes GIST? _____
Answer: imatinib
Extra: Watch Imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vemurafenib [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-imatinib-erlotinib-sorafenib-sunitinib-vemurafenib?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 880: Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, and Flurazepam are benzodiazepines that have _____ half-lives
Answer: long
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 881: Which gout drug inhibits purine analog breakdown, thus increasing the risk for drug toxicity? _____
Answer: Allopurinol (and febuxostat)
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 882: Rituximab binds CD20 of B-cells and tags it for natural killer cells via antibody-_____ cytotoxicity
Answer: dependent
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology/immunosuppression/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 883: Does nitroprusside cause arteriolar or venous dilation? _____
Answer: Both :)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 884: Are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) associated with sexual dysfunction? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Watch Tricyclic antidepressants [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-tricyclic-antidepressants?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 885: Cyclosporine can cause arthropathy by causing hyper_____
Answer: uricemia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 886: Adverse effects of 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists may be more common and more severe in _____ patients
Answer: elderly
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 887: Because Class IC antiarrhythmics have a strong binding affinity and dissociate primarily during diastole, a(n) increased heart rate results in a longer _____ complex
Answer: QRS
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 888: Cyclophosphamide can stimulate _____ secretion, resulting in a euvolemic hyponatremia
Answer: ADH
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 889: Typical antipsychotics are associated with _____-adrenergic blockade, which may cause orthostatic hypotension
Answer: α1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 890: Arrhythmia secondary to tricyclic antidepressants is prevented with _____
Answer: NaHCO3
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Tricyclic antidepressants [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-tricyclic-antidepressants?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 891: Are anti-histamine effects more common with high or low potency typical antipsychotics? _____
Answer: Low potency
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch First generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-first-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 892: _____ is a(n) μ-opioid agonist that does cross the BBB, therefore it is combined with atropine to prevent abuse
Answer: Diphenoxylate
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 893: In the treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, Creon (pancrelipase) is a mix of _____ enzymes used to restore _____ function
Answer: pancreatic
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki
Flashcard 894: COX-_____ is inducible by inflammation
Answer: 2
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 895: Raloxifene is primarily used to treat _____
Answer: post-menopausal osteoporosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 896: Phenobarbital is a barbiturate used in the acute treatment of _____ and tonic-clonic seizures
Answer: partial
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Barbiturates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-barbiturates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 897: What endocrine pathology is rarely caused by SSRIs? _____
Answer: SIADH
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch SSRIs, SNRIs, cyproheptadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-ssris-snris-cyproheptadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 898: Phase _____ of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade is characterized as prolonged depolarization
Answer: I
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 899: What type of drug interaction is the presence of A is required for the full effects of substance B? _____
Answer: Permissive (e.g. cortisol on catecholamine responsiveness)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 900: A major adverse effect of orlistat is _____, which may lead to decreased absorption of _____
Answer: steatorrhea
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Weight Loss) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki
Flashcard 901: Uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor is increased with _____ agonists
Answer: prostaglandin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Netters:
Flashcard 902: Thrombolytics exert their effects via direct or indirect conversion of plasminogen to _____
Answer: plasmin
Extra: Watch Thrombolytics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-thrombolytics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 903: Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies may occur with _____ intake, which can be used to treat constipation
Answer: mineral oil
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 904: What drug class do mifepristone and ulipristal belong to? _____
Answer: Anti-progestins
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 905: Anthracyclines can target hair follicles, resulting in _____
Answer: alopecia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 906: _____, barbiturates, and alcohol all bind different allosteric sites of the GABAA receptor
Answer: Benzodiazepines
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 907: _____ is a T3 hormone analog used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema
Answer: Triiodothyronine
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 908: Thromboxane A2 is released upon platelet degranulation and causes platelet _____ and activation
Answer: aggregation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 909: At which site do SGLT2 inhibitors block reabsorption of glucose? _____
Answer: Proximal tubule of the nephron
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 910: Mifepristone is an anti-progestin used to terminate pregnancy when combined with _____
Answer: misoprostol (PGE1 analog)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 911: Capsaicin causes release and subsequent depletion of _____
Answer: substance P
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 912: Class IV antiarrhythmics block activated and inactivated _____-type calcium channels
Answer: L
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class IV [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-iv?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 913: What effect do loop diuretics have on serum Ca2+ levels? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: Watch Calcium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-calcium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephron-transporters?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/sodium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 914: Colchicine disrupts the cytoskeleton of _____, which normally cause inflammation due to monosodium urate deposition in gout
Answer: neutrophils
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 915: Bevacizumab can be used to treat Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration and _____ Diabetic Retinopathy
Answer: Proliferative
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 916: _____ is a synthetic T4 hormone replacement that can cause hyperthyroidism
Answer: Levothyroxine
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 917: Metoclopramide (D2 antagonist) is contraindicated in patients with _____
Answer: small bowel obstruction
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki Small bowel obstruction Abdominal x-ray (AP view; supine position) Multiple grossly dilated (>3 cm) loops of bowel are visible. The dilated bowel is identifiable as small bowel because of the presence of plicae circulares, which are hyperdense mucosal folds that extend completely across the entire width of the small bowel lumen. The stacked dilated bowel loops in the LUQ of the abdomen have a ladder-like appearance. This is the typical appearance of distal small bowel obstruction.
Flashcard 918: Which chemotherapeutic drug can be used in the treatment of sickle cell anemia? _____
Answer: Hydroxyurea
Extra: Watch Methotrexate, leucovorin, 5 fluorouracil, hydroxyurea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-methotrexate-leucovorin-5-fluorouracil-hydroxyurea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 919: What is the mechanism of action of finasteride? _____
Answer: 5α-reductase inhibitor
Extra: * inhibits the conversion of testosterone to DHT in prostatic tissue https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 920: _____ is used in allergic asthma with increased IgE levels and resistance to inhaled steroids and long-acting β2 agonists
Answer: Omalizumab
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 921: Aromatase inhibitors are used to treat ER positive breast cancer in _____-menopausal women
Answer: post
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 922: Is acetaminophen useful as an anti-inflammatory agent? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 923: Side effects of metoclopramide include extrapyramidal effects such as dystonia, akathisia, and _____ features as a result of central D2 blockade
Answer: parkinsonian
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki ADAPT - drug-induced parkinsonism
Flashcard 924: What is the mechanism of action of warfarin? _____
Answer: Epoxide reductase inhibitor
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 925: Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, is used for chronic anticoagulation? _____
Answer: Warfarin
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 926: Brimonidine is a(n) _____ adrenergic agonist used to treat chronic open angle glaucoma
Answer: α2
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 927: _____ is a(n) GH receptor antagonist, which may be used to treat acromegaly
Answer: Pegvisomant
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal * may cause increased growth hormone levels https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 928: Thrombolytics result in a(n) _____ PT and _____ PTT
Answer: elevated
Extra: Watch Thrombolytics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-thrombolytics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 929: Guanfacine is _____ effective than Clonidine in the treatment of ADHD
Answer: more
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/developmental-disorders?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 930: 1st generation sulfonylureas (e.g. chlorpropamide, tolbutamide) may cause a(n) _____ reaction as a possible side effect when you ingest alcohol while taking these drugs
Answer: disulfiram-like
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 931: What adverse effect is associated with celecoxib use? _____
Answer: Increased risk of thrombosis
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 932: Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole are associated with a(n) _____ rash
Answer: maculopapular skin
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 933: Bile acid resins (e.g. cholestyramine) interrupt bile acid recycling and promote synthesis of new bile acids, depleting liver _____ stores
Answer: cholesterol
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 934: Patients taking exogenous testosterone can develop hormone imbalances, resulting in _____ testes, low sperm count, and gynecomastia
Answer: small
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 935: Tyramine toxicity in patients on MAO inhibitors can precipitate _____ crisis
Answer: hypertensive
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dna-to-protein/amino-acids/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 936: In adults, Alprostadil can be used for erectile dysfunction or critical limb ischemia due to its ability to cause potent _____
Answer: vasodilation
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 937: Cholinergic stimulation due to digoxin may cause _____ side effects
Answer: GI
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 938: Albuterol, pirbuterol, and metaproterenol are _____-acting β2 agonists
Answer: short
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 939: Misoprostol is a PGE1 mimic which can be used to promote _____ contraction for the purpose of terminating pregnancy
Answer: uterine
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 940: All biologics (ex monoclonal antibodies) carry the risk of eliciting a(n) _____ within the first hour of administration
Answer: infusion reaction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 941: What class of diuretics are the most effective? _____
Answer: Loop diuretics
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 942: What adverse anti-androgenic effect may be caused by spironolactone use in males? _____
Answer: Gynecomastia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 943: _____ are glaucoma drugs that are associated with ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, and ocular pruritis
Answer: a2-agonists
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 944: Benzodiazepines (e.g. midazolam) can cause severe post-operative respiratory _____ and hypo-tension
Answer: depression
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Propofol, etomidate, ketamine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-propofol-etomidate-ketamine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 945: What drug is used to reverse the effects of dabigatran? _____
Answer: Idarucizumab
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 946: Class IB antiarrhythmics treat _____ arrhythmias, especially in ischemic tissue (e.g. post-MI)
Answer: ventricular
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 947: What effect may heparin have on K+ levels? _____
Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia; secondary to hypoaldosteronism)
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 948: Is codeine by itself bioactive? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 949: Ondansetron is used to treat _____ or _____ induced nausea and vomiting
Answer: chemotherapy
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/cerebellum-and-ventricles?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 950: _____ is the largest indirect thrombin inhibitor
Answer: Unfractionated heparin
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 951: _____ is a(n) tyrosine kinase gene that undergoes a point mutation to form GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)
Answer: c-kit
Extra: Watch Imatinib, erlotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vemurafenib [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-imatinib-erlotinib-sorafenib-sunitinib-vemurafenib?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 952: Vasospastic angina is relieved by _____ drugs, dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers, and smoke cessation (if applicable)
Answer: nitrate
Extra: Watch Stable Angina, Vasospastic Angina, & Acute Coronary Syndromes (UA, NSTEMI, STEMI) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-ischemic-heart-disease-stable-angina-vasospastic-angina-and-acute-coronary-syndromes-ua-nstemi-stemi?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 953: Patients on erythropoesis-stimulating agents are associated with increased risk for _____ due to increased blood viscosity
Answer: thromboembolic events
Extra: Watch Acquired & Inherited Thrombosis Syndromes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-acquired-and-inherited-thrombosis-syndromes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Immunostimulants (Cytokine Therapy, Interferons) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 954: What drug class does bivalirudin belong to? _____
Answer: Direct thrombin inhibitor
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 955: Rituximab can lead to a depletion of what antibody type? _____
Answer: IgG
Extra: Watch Rituximab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, alemtuzumab, trastuzumab [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-kinase-inhibitors-and-monoclonal-antibodies-rituximab-cetuximab-bevacizumab-alemtuzumab-trastuzumab?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology/immunosuppression/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 956: Mirtazapine is an α2 antagonist that may be used to treat _____
Answer: depression
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs) Watch Alpha drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-alpha-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 957: Does guaifenesin suppress the cough reflex? _____
Answer: No
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 958: _____ is a nonspecific PDE inhibitor that prevents adenosine reuptake in platelets to cause vasodilation
Answer: Dipyridamole
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 959: What are the "4 P's" used to treat thyroid storm? 1. _____ (a β-blocker) 2. _____ 3. Prednisolone (a corticosteroid) 4. Potassium iodide (Lugol iodine)
Answer: Propranolol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki Recall: with KI, inhibition occurs via transient inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) "the four P's" of thyroid storm management
Flashcard 960: What is the effect of nitrates alone on ejection time? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Watch Nitrates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-nitrates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 961: What warfarin complication presents a few days after beginning treatment due to an early transient hypercoagulable state? _____
Answer: Warfarin-induced skin necrosis
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 962: What anti-arrhythmic agent may cause interstitial restrictive lung disease? _____
Answer: Amiodarone
Extra: Watch Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 963: Opioid analgesics may be used to treat acute pulmonary _____
Answer: edema
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 964: What drug class do argatroban and dabigatran belong to? _____
Answer: Direct thrombin inhibitors
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 965: Nitrates _____ myocardial oxygen requirements
Answer: reduce
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Nitrates) Watch Nitrates [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-nitrates?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 966: Cocaine and amphetamine intoxication cause pupillary _____
Answer: dilation
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki think SNS
Flashcard 967: Adverse effects of anti-muscarinics on the eye and its muscles (not including glands) include _____ and cycloplegia
Answer: mydriasis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Antimuscarinics) Watch Muscarinic antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-muscarinic-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 968: In addition to nephrotoxicity, cyclosporine and tacrolimus may also have _____-toxicity (especially Tacrolimus)
Answer: neuro
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 969: Inhaled anesthetics with _____ arteriovenous gradient have a slower onset of action
Answer: higher
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 970: _____ is a class III anti-arrhythmic that can produce hyper or hypothyroidism
Answer: Amiodarone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 971: What classes of diuretics are characterized by decreased blood pH (acidemia)? _____
Answer: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, K+ sparing diuretics
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 972: Do most NSAIDs inhibit COX-1 or COX-2? _____
Answer: Both :)
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 973: What is the route of administration of theophylline (asthma therapy)? _____
Answer: Oral administration
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 974: Sildenafil inhibits _____ and prolongs the vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide
Answer: PDE-5
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 975: What effect do statins have on HDL levels? _____
Answer: Mild increase
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Statins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-statins?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 976: What is the clinical use for orlistat? _____
Answer: Weight loss
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Weight Loss) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 977: Tertiary amine local anesthetics penetrate the cell membrane in a(n) _____ form and then bind to ion channels in a(n) _____ form (charged or uncharged)
Answer: uncharged
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 978: Topiramate increases GABA action and thus may cause _____ and fatigue as adverse effects
Answer: sedation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 979: Does chronic opiate use lead to tolerance? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 980: Because Sorafenib and Sunitinib target the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor, patients are at increased risk of _____
Answer: hemorrhage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 981: What class of drugs acts by closing K+ channels in pancreatic β cells, causing increased insulin secretion? _____
Answer: Sulfonylurea drugs (e.g. tolbutamide, glyburide)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 982: Mirabegron is a sympathomimetic that _____ β3 receptors
Answer: stimulates
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/urinary-incontinence?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 983: Desmopressin increases release of _____ from Weibel-Palade bodies
Answer: vWF
Extra: * Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells Watch Inherited Coagulation Defects [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-inherited-coagulation-defects?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 984: Adverse effects of vilazodone include anti-_____ effects and weight gain
Answer: cholinergic
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 985: Because Her2/Neu is expressed on the _____, Trastuzumab can cause _____ failure
Answer: Heart
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 986: Isoproterenol causes _____ HR and contractility
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 987: What is the effect of thiazolidinediones on the differentiation and number of adipocytes? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 988: _____ may be used in the treatment of primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism by increasing sensitivity to Ca2+-sensing receptors
Answer: Cinacalcet
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal-failure?ref=anki
Flashcard 989: Adverse effects associated with levetiracetam use include _____ and neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g. behavioral change)
Answer: somnolence
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Valproate, topiramate, lamotrigine, levetiracetam [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-mood-stabilizers-and-antiepileptic-drugs-valproate-topiramate-lamotrigine-levetiracetam-brivaracetam?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 990: What is the effect of thiazolidinediones on triglyceride storage and fatty acid oxidation? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Metformin, thiazolidinediones, pramlintide, SGLT2 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-metformin-thiazolidinediones-pramlintide-sglt2-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 991: Mannitol may be used clinically for drug _____
Answer: overdose
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Acetazolamide, mannitol [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-acetazolamide-mannitol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 992: Misoprostol is a synthetic analog of _____
Answer: PGE1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 993: Because iloprost and epoprostenol are potent vasodilators, these may cause symptoms of _____, headache, and hypotension
Answer: cutaneous flushing
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 994: Guaifenesin is a(n) expectorant that _____ respiratory secretions
Answer: thins
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 995: Ondansetron antagonizes the _____ receptor on vagal afferents in the GI tract
Answer: 5-HT3
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Anti-Emetics; "Vomitorium") Watch Antiemetic agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-antiemetic-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/cerebellum-and-ventricles?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 996: Cyclosporine can cause a(n) _____ Renal Tubular Acidosis
Answer: Type 4
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 997: _____ is a non-sulfonamide loop diuretic
Answer: Ethacrynic acid
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 998: Glulisine, aspart, and lispro (rapid acting insulin) are useful for controlling the _____ glucose spike
Answer: postprandial
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/insulin-management/acquire?ref=anki No LAG
Flashcard 999: H2 receptor antagonists are especially effective at reducing _____ secretion of acid, however, they only have modest impact on _____-stimulated secretion of acid
Answer: nocturnal
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Gastroesophageal Refund) Watch H2 receptor blockers, PPIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-h2-receptor-blockers-ppis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1000: Ezetimibe indirectly causes _____ LDL receptor expression
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Cholestyramine, ezetimibe [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-cholestyramine-ezetimibe?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 1001: Central diabetes insipidus may be treated with exogenous administration of _____
Answer: ADH
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1002: ACE inhibitors are first line agents in the treatment of heart _____
Answer: failure
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1003: Erlotinib is a(n) _____ inhibitor used to treat NSCLC and Pancreatic cancer
Answer: EGF-R
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1004: Which thyroid medications can cause agranulocytosis? _____
Answer: PTU and Methimazole
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki warrants discontinuation of the drug and WBC count measurement
Flashcard 1005: Sickle cell anemia is treated with _____ and hydration
Answer: hydroxyurea
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki Hydroxyurea increases levels of HbF Other:
Flashcard 1006: What drug class does celecoxib belong to? _____
Answer: Selective COX-2 inhibitor
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1007: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is induced by _____
Answer: inflammation
Extra: Watch Antiplatelet agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-antiplatelet-agents?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1008: What effect does a competitive antagonist have on potency? _____
Answer: Decrease (curve shifts right)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1009: Quinidine is an anti-arrhythmic that rarely causes immunologic reactions, resulting in _____
Answer: thrombocytopenia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1010: Probenecid _____ proximal renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid
Answer: decreases
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 1011: What is the effect of COX inhibition (e.g. aspirin) on production of leukotrienes? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1012: What pulmonary side effect is associated with adenosine? _____
Answer: Bronchospasm
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1013: The _____-opioid receptor mediates most of the clinical and adverse effects
Answer: μ
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Opiates, naloxone, naltrexone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-opiates-naloxone-naltrexone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1014: Leukotrienes _____, _____ and _____ increase airway vascular permeability, mucus production, and bronchoconstriction (bronchospasm)
Answer: C4
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1015: _____ and high-dose Aspirin decrease renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid
Answer: Probenecid
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 1016: Digitalis toxicity may induce _____, such as premature ventricular contractions
Answer: arrhythmias
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/heart-failure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 1017: Mannitol-induced expanded ECF volume can cause pulmonary _____
Answer: edema
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Acetazolamide, mannitol [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-acetazolamide-mannitol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1018: Tumor Lysis Syndrome can be prevented / treated with aggressive _____, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, or rasburicase
Answer: hydration
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/plasma-cell-dyscrasias-and-myeloproliferative-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1019: Acebutolol and pindolol are _____ in heart failure, MI, and angina
Answer: contraindicated
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers) Watch Beta blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-beta-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1020: Patients taking Azathioprine / 6MP are predisposed to reactivation of _____ or exacerbation of chronic viral Hepatitis
Answer: Herpes Zoster
Extra: Watch Azathioprine, 6 mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-azathioprine-6-mercaptopurine-mycophenolate-mofetil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1021: β-blockers (ex propranolol) can block peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 by inhibiting _____
Answer: 5'-deiodinase
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1022: Treatment of acute coronary syndromes often includes a(n) _____ receptor inhibitor such as clopidogrel
Answer: ADP
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/myocardial-infarction?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 1023: What is the effect of corticosteroids on eosinophil levels? _____
Answer: Decreased (eosinopenia)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1024: What effect do thrombolytics have on platelet count? _____
Answer: No effect
Extra: Watch Thrombolytics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-thrombolytics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1025: Pharmacologic treatment for fibromyalgia may include anti-_____ or anti-_____
Answer: convulsants
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1026: Vilazodone is a(n) _____ receptor partial agonist
Answer: 5-HT1A
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki Vilaz is in partial constant agony (vilazadone 5ht1a partial agonist)
Flashcard 1027: _____ is a virulence factor released from Group A Strep that converts plasminogen to plasmin (a fibrinolytic)
Answer: Streptokinase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1028: Treatment for Paget disease of bone includes _____ and bisphosphonates
Answer: calcitonin
Extra: - Calcitonin inhibits osteoclast function (anti-PTH) - Bisphosphonates induce apoptosis of osteoclasts when osteoclast phagocytose bisphosphonate and "blow up" Watch Osteoporosis & Paget Disease of Bone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-bone-osteoporosis-and-paget-disease-of-bone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki Atlas: inhibits osteoclasts
Flashcard 1029: Cyclobenzaprine is used to treat _____
Answer: muscle spasms
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1030: Most loop diuretics are _____ drugs and thus may cause adverse reactions in allergic patients
Answer: sulfa
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Loop diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-loop-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1031: What drug class do montelukast and zafirlukast belong to? _____
Answer: Leukotriene D4-receptor antagonists
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1032: Rasburicase differs from Pegloticase as it is not _____ylated
Answer: PEG
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood and Inflammation - Confessions of a Knit-Wit Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1033: Cocaine and methamphetamines are illicit drugs may cause secondary _____
Answer: hypertension
Extra: * Also OCPs, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids Watch Hypertension [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-hypertension?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Ovarian Neoplasms (Germ Cell & Sex Chord Stromal Tumors) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-neoplasms-germ-cell-and-sex-cord-stromal-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1034: One common cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is _____, which prevents proper aquaporin formation in principal cells
Answer: lithium
Extra: * in the collecting duct Watch Diabetes Insipidus & SIADH [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-diabetes-insipidus-and-siadh?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1035: An overdose of Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, can be reversed by _____
Answer: Idarucizumab
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1036: Is the incidence of torsades de pointes with amiodarone higher or lower than other drugs that prolong the QT? _____
Answer: Much lower
Extra: #REF! Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/ventricular-arrhythmias?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1037: Calcium kidney stones may be treated with _____ diuretics
Answer: thiazide
Extra: Watch Calcium Oxalate Stones & Calcium Phosphate Stones [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-calcium-oxalate-stones-and-calcium-phosphate-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Calcium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-calcium-oxalate-stones-and-calcium-phosphate-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrolithiasis?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1038: Atenolol, timolol, and carvedilol are all examples of class _____ antiarrhythmics
Answer: II
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class II [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-ii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1039: At _____ doses, dopamine stimulates α1 receptors
Answer: high
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) Watch Indirect sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-indirect-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1040: Ramelteon binds the _____ and _____ receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
Answer: MT1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin, ramelteon [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-nonbenzodiazepine-hypnotics-melatonin-ramelteon?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1041: What is the next step for a patient on albuterol who develops muscle weakness, mild hand tremors, and decreased DTRs? _____ and ECG
Answer: Serum electrolyte levels
Extra: *3.5-5 mEq/L Watch Potassium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-potassium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1042: Canakinumab can be used to treat patients with Systemic _____ Arthritis
Answer: Juvenile Idiopathic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1043: Statins can cause elevations in serum _____, which may be indicative of myopathy
Answer: CK
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Statins [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-statins?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 1044: What effect do class IB antiarrhythmics have on action potential duration? _____
Answer: Shortened duration
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1045: Class II antiarrhythmics (β-blockers) are useful in preventing _____ in atrial fibrillation and flutter ("rate control")
Answer: rapid ventricular response (RVR)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class II [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-ii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1046: Buspirone exerts its effects via stimulation of the _____ receptor
Answer: 5-HT1A
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Bupropion, mirtazapine, trazodone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-bupropion-mirtazapine-trazodone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1047: What effect do anti-muscarinics have on AV conduction velocity? _____
Answer: Increased conduction velocity
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Antimuscarinics) Watch Muscarinic antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-muscarinic-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1048: Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons may utilize _____ as a neurotransmitter, which binds to α1, α2, and β1 receptors
Answer: norepinephrine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1049: The effect of low dose aspirin _____ mg/day is decreased platelet aggregation
Answer: <300
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1050: Treatment for disorders of fibrinolysis is _____, which blocks activation of plasminogen
Answer: aminocaproic acid
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1051: Patients taking Leuprolide can experience nausea and _____
Answer: vomiting
Extra: Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Reproductive [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-hodgkin-lymphoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1052: Adenosine causes broncho-_____
Answer: constriction
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1053: Because PGE1 is involved in physiological responses of the gut mucosa and the uterine smooth muscle, Misoprostol can cause _____ as well as uterine contractions
Answer: diarrhea
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1054: Patients with polycythemia vera may take low-dose _____ to decrease risk of thrombosis
Answer: aspirin
Extra: * ASA umpire Watch Myeloproliferative Neoplasms & Myelodysplastic Syndromes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-myeloid-disorders-myeloproliferative-neoplasms-and-myelodysplastic-syndromes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/plasma-cell-dyscrasias-and-myeloproliferative-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 1055: Probenecid _____ uric acid excretion, thus _____ the risk of uric acid kidney stones
Answer: increases
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki
Flashcard 1056: What drug class does aripiprazole belong to? _____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Second generation antipsychotics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-second-generation-antipsychotics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki "-idone" suffix Ziprasidone has a low metabolic risk profile
Flashcard 1057: Do opiates have addictive potential? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1058: The inhaled anesthetic methoxyflurane is associated with _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: nephrotoxicity
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1059: What drug class does tranylcypromine belong to? _____
Answer: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch MAO inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antidepressants-and-anxiolytics-mao-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/pharmacology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1060: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists prevent myocardial _____ induced by high levels of aldosterone
Answer: remodeling
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1061: Glucocorticoids are useful for treating _____ disorders (e.g. gout, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, IBD)
Answer: inflammatory
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1062: If neonatal ductus arteriosus is not closing properly, this can be treated with _____
Answer: Indomethacin
Extra: Watch Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, bosentan, PDE5 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-vasoactive-prostaglandins-prostacyclin-bosentan-pde5-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/acyanotic-congenital-heart-defects?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1063: Stool softeners are _____ agents that faciliate the penetration of stool by water and lipids
Answer: surfactant
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Relaxatives) Watch Laxatives & antidiarrheal agents [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-gi-laxatives?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1064: What is a possible skin complication associated with fludrocortisone? _____
Answer: Hyperpigmentation
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1065: What is the pharmaceutical form of marijuana? _____
Answer: Dronabinol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1066: Most adverse drug reactions are _____ and are due to the known pharmacologic properties of the drug
Answer: predictable
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1067: Is protamine sulfate effective at reversing the effects of LMWH and fondaparinux? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch Heparin, LMWH, fondaparinux, direct thrombin inhibitors, Xa inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-heparin-lmwh-fondaparinux-direct-thrombin-inhibitors-xa-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1068: Acetazolamide is useful in the treatment and prevention of acute _____ sickness
Answer: altitude
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch Acetazolamide, mannitol [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-acetazolamide-mannitol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1069: Class I antiarrhythmics bind to Na+ channels in their _____ or _____ state
Answer: open
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1070: The therapeutic index is calculated by _____/_____
Answer: TD50
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1071: Coadministration of _____ when starting warfarin therapy prevents the early hypercoagulable state
Answer: heparin
Extra: Watch Warfarin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anticoagulants-and-thrombolytics-warfarin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1072: Aspirin at _____ doses inhibits uric acid secretion in the renal tubules
Answer: low
Extra: Watch Gout drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-gout-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1073: Daclizumab is contraindicated in patients with _____ impairment
Answer: liver
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1074: Selegiline and rasagiline may _____ the adverse effects of levodopa
Answer: exacerbate
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1075: Which NSAID has reduced risk of ulcers and bleeding? _____
Answer: Celecoxib
Extra: Watch NSAIDs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-anti-inflammatory-nsaids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1076: Phenylephrine causes _____ diastolic pressure
Answer: increased
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics) Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1077: Milrinone causes arteriolar _____ and thus _____ afterload
Answer: dilation
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Cardiac Glycosides) Watch Digoxin, milrinone, nesiritide [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-digoxin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1078: What is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia? _____
Answer: Carbamazepine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1079: Inhaled _____ (e.g. budesonide, fluticasone) can be added as daily maintenance therapy for persistent asthma
Answer: corticosteroids
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Watch Asthma therapy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-asthma-therapy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1080: Na+ channels in rapidly depolarizing tissue (e.g. tachycardia) spend the _____ time in open or inactivated states
Answer: most
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class I A C [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-i-a-c?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1081: What drug may be used to replace mineralocorticoids in primary adrenal insufficiency? _____
Answer: Fludrocortisone (aldosterone analog)
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1082: Because Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds platelets, patients can develop side effects of _____ and _____penia
Answer: bleeding
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1083: Urinary alkalinization (e.g. acetazolamide) can increase solubility of _____ and uric acid kidney stones
Answer: cystine
Extra: Watch Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) Stones, Uric Acid Stones, & Cystine Stones [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-magnesium-ammonium-phosphate-map-stones-uric-acid-stones-and-cystine-stones?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Acetazolamide, mannitol [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-acetazolamide-mannitol?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1084: Does the red curve represent an inhaled anesthetic with a high or low blood solubility? _____
Answer: High (slowly saturated, e.g. halothane)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/anesthesia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1085: Malignant hyperthermia is treated by _____, which is a(n) ryanodine receptor antagonist that prevents release of Ca2+ from the SR
Answer: dantrolene
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Inhaled anesthetics, dantrolene [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-anesthetics-and-analgesics-inhaled-anesthetics-dantrolene?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/skeletal-muscle?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1086: Linagliptin, saxagliptin, and sitagliptin are all examples of _____
Answer: DPP-4 inhibitors
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1087: Treatment of SIADH includes water restriction and _____, which is a tetracycline
Answer: demeclocycline
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1088: Ranolazine is a drug used to treat _____ refractory to other medical therapies
Answer: angina
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/stable-angina-and-atherosclerosis?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 1089: Direct Xa inhibitors can be reversed with administration of _____
Answer: andexanet alfa
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/coagulation-and-fibrinolysis?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1090: Clomiphene is an antagonist at _____ receptors in the hypothalamus
Answer: estrogen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1091: _____ are the most effective drugs for decreasing serum triglycerides
Answer: Fibrates
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation (Dyslipidemia drugs) Watch Fibrates, niacin [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-blood-inflammation/videos/medical-pharmacology-blood-and-inflammation-dyslipidemia-drugs-fibrates-niacin?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 1092: _____ and febuxostat inhibit the enzyme xanthine oxidase, thus decreasing urinary excretion of uric acid
Answer: Allopurinol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1093: _____ is a K+ sparing diuretic that may be used to treat _____ induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Answer: Amiloride
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch ADH, DDAVP, ADH receptor antagonists [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-adh-ddavp-adh-receptor-antagonists?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1094: What is the clinical use for pentazocine? _____
Answer: Moderate to severe pain relief
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1095: Class II antiarrhythmics treat arrhythmias by blocking _____ input to the SA and AV nodes
Answer: sympathetic
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class II [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-ii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1096: 1st generation _____ histamine receptor antagonists may be used to treat vestibular nausea and motion sickness
Answer: H1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Respiratory (Antihistamines) Watch Antihistamines [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle/videos/medical-pharmacology-smooth-muscle-allergy-and-pulmonary-antihistamines?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/smooth-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1097: What is an adverse effect common to all antacids? _____
Answer: Hypokalemia
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: GI (Antacids) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastrointestinal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1098: What drug blocks production of T3 and T3 receptors (and is directly toxic to the thyroid gland)? _____
Answer: Amiodarone
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Other Causes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-other-causes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 1099: Class II antiarrhythmics (β-blockers) are useful in the treatment of _____ fibrillation (and flutter)
Answer: atrial
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Watch Class II [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antiarrhythmics-class-ii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Antiarrhythmics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1100: Aspirin and Ibuprofen can displace _____ hormones from binding proteins and should be avoided in patients with hyper_____ism
Answer: thyroid
Extra: Watch Propylthiouracil, methimazole, levothyroxine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-propylthiouracil-methimazole-levothyroxine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1101: _____ is responsible for most deaths associated with amiodarone therapy
Answer: Pulmonary toxicity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 1102: What is the recommended treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning? _____
Answer: 100% O2 or hyperbaric O2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1103: Deferoxamine, deferasirox, and deferiprone = _____
Answer: iron chelators
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1104: What kind of drug is ketotifen? _____
Answer: 2nd-gen antihistamine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1105: _____ and _____ = ↓ DAT reuptake of dopamine + NE
Answer: Cocaine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1106: Opioids and other CNS depressants can cause _____ by inducing impaired consciousness with prolonged immobilization and ischemic compression
Answer: rhabdomyolysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1107: What is the preferred adjuvant treatment for ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women? _____
Answer: Aromatase inhibitors (e.g. anastrozole)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1108: Is carbamazepine use associated with teratogenic effects? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1109: Reversal of opioid _____ is managed with naloxone Treatment of opioid _____ is managed with methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone)
Answer: overdose
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1110: What is a physiological reason as to having low phenytoin concentration in a pregnant patient? _____
Answer: Pregnancy → ↑ proteins that bind phenytoin → ↓ phenytoin concentration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1111: Statins may cause mild _____-toxicity, and thus mild elevations in _____ function tests
Answer: hepato
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1112: Starting _____ may lead to breakthrough bleeding
Answer: OCPs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1113: _____ = ataxia and diplopia + gingival hyperplasia
Answer: Phenytoin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1114: Patient with coronary artery disease and acute migraine refractory to NSAIDs = _____
Answer: prochlorperazine/metoclopramide (D2 antagonist)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1115: Which three drugs are used to treat acute gout and pseudogout? _____
Answer: NSAIDs > colchicine > glucocorticoids
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1116: NSAIDs should not be used for treatment of gout in patients taking _____
Answer: anticoagulants
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1117: β-adrenergic blockers can be used for _____ prophylaxis
Answer: migraine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1118: 30% of chronic _____ users have central sleep apnea
Answer: opioid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1119: Antipsychotics may cause symptoms of _____ excess (e.g. galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia)
Answer: prolactin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1120: CHF and pulmonary edema = _____
Answer: loop diuretics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1121: What pharmacological agent is used to prevent occlusion after a carotid artery dissection? _____
Answer: Heparin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/stroke/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1122: IV _____ antagonists, such as esmolol and metoprolol, can be used for hypertensive emergency
Answer: β1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1123: What alternative therapy can be used in rapid symptomatic control of hyperthyroidism in patients with asthma? _____
Answer: Oral CCBs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1124: How do OCPs decrease dysmenorrhea? _____
Answer: Progestin causes endometrial atrophy causing fewer prostaglandins to be produced by endometrium
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1125: Aspirin should be stopped 1 _____ before surgery
Answer: week
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1126: What do you call cheese by itself? _____
Answer: Prov-ALONE
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1127: What effect may loop diuretics have on serum K+ levels? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypokalemia)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1128: Which two statins have the lowest risk of statin-associated myopathy? _____
Answer: Pravastatin Fluvastatin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1129: Aripiprazole and _____ are atypical antipyschotics that are the least likely to produce hyperprolactinemia
Answer: quetiapine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1130: GLP-1 agonists can cause _____ as a possible side effect, as well as nausea and vomiting
Answer: pancreatitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1131: Type _____ HIT presents earlier (1-2 days) and causes a self-limited thrombocytopenia
Answer: 1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1132: Exenatide and liraglutide are both examples of _____
Answer: GLP-1 agonists
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1133: _____ = ↓ risk of vasospasm 2° to subarachnoid hemorrhage
Answer: Nimodipine (CCB)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1134: _____ is a monoclonal antibody against RANKL, useful in the treatment of osteoporosis
Answer: Denosumab
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1135: _____, heroin, and codeine are natural opioids
Answer: Morphine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1136: Overdose of benzodiazepines = CNS depression with _____ vitals Overdose of benzodiazepines and alcohol = CNS depression with _____ vitals
Answer: normal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1137: Why are corticosteroid injections generally avoided in insertional tendinopathy? _____
Answer: May cause tendon rupture
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1138: What are the "4 P's" used to treat thyroid storm? _____ _____ _____ _____
Answer: Propranolol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1139: Prevent hemochromatosis in sickle cell patients getting transfusions is managed with _____
Answer: deferoxamine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 1140: _____ bind the ATP-dependent K+ channels on pancreatic β cells, causing release of endogenous insulin
Answer: Sulfonylureas (and meglitinides)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1141: Depo Provera contains _____
Answer: medroxyprogesterone
Extra:
Flashcard 1142: What is the likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Warfarin-induced skin necrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1143: What chemotherapeutic agent(s) are associated with heart failure with myocyte necrosis and fibrosis? _____
Answer: Anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin, daunorubicin)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1144: Adriamycin (doxorubicin) is associated with irreversible _____ cardiomyopathy
Answer: dilated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1145: Several hours after aspirin overdose, what is the serum pH? _____
Answer: Normal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1146: Side effects of metoclopramide include extrapyramidal effects such as acute dystonia, akathisia, _____ features, and tardive dyskinesia as a result of central D2 blockade
Answer: parkinsonian
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1147: Patients with significant cataplexy may benefit from REM sleep-suppressing drugs, including _____ and _____
Answer: antidepressants
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1148: What is first-line therapy for the treatment of stable angina? _____
Answer: β-blockers
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1149: Are dopamine agonists or carbidopa-levodopa associated with a higher risk of psychosis? _____
Answer: Dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1150: TCAs are contraindicated in the elderly due to its _____ and _____ effects
Answer: anticholinergic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1151: IgG against heparin-PF4 complex is characteristic of _____
Answer: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/thrombocytopenia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1152: The use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives increases the risk hypertension _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1153: Mannitol and _____ are used as osmotic agents in the management of intracranial hypertension
Answer: hypertonic saline
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1154: Detemir and glargine are characterized by _____ action and duration and used as _____ insulin
Answer: long
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/insulin-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1155: Gout not responsive to celecoxib is managed with _____
Answer: another NSAID (indomethacin)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1156: PTU, Glucocorticoids, and β-blockers inhibit what portion of thyroid metabolism? _____
Answer: 5' Deiodinase in periphery conversion T4 to T3
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 1157: _____ and _____ are β-blockers that are used to treat Graves disease during pregnancy
Answer: Propranolol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1158: Acarbose and miglitol inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzymes which decreases the conversion of _____ into absorbable _____
Answer: disaccharides
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Flashcard 1159: What is a pharmacological cause of cataracts? _____
Answer: Long-term corticosteroid use
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/adult-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1160: _____ may be used to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Answer: SSRIs
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1161: What is the classic symptom observed in caffeine withdrawal? _____
Answer: Headache
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1162: SSRIs should be taken for _____ at full dose before considering change
Answer: 6 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1163: Pramlintide may cause _____ as a side effect, especially in the setting of mistimed prandial insulin
Answer: hypoglycemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1164: _____, _____, and _____ = drug-induced lupus = anti-histone antibodies
Answer: Procainamide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/approach-to-joint-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1165: The _____ potency typical antipsychotics are chlorpromazine and thioridazine
Answer: low
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1166: What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for infertility (to induce ovulation) due to polycystic ovarian syndrome? _____
Answer: Clomiphene citrate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1167: What is the management for an unstable patient with bradycardia? _____
Answer: Atropine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1168: What drugs are associated with the lichenoid drug eruption (drug-induced lichen planus)? _____
Answer: ACE-i Thiazides Furosemide β-blockers
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/papulosquamous/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1169: Tricyclic antidepressants antagonize the _____ histamine receptor
Answer: H1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1170: Topical glucocorticoid eyedrops can lead to a(n) _____ in intraocular pressure
Answer: increase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1171: Treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is _____
Answer: low dose exogenous corticosteroids (replacement therapy)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/puberty/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1172: What drug class do gemfibrozil and fenofibrate belong to? _____
Answer: Fibrates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1173: Class IA antiarrhythmics have a(n) _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel Class IB antiarrhythmics have a(n) _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel Class IC antiarrhythmics have a(n) _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel
Answer: intermediate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1174: Common side effects of the injectable medroxyprogesterone contraceptive are breast tenderness, fatigue, vaginal bleeding/spotting and _____
Answer: weight gain
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1175: Conjunctival injection (red eyes) classicaly characterizes intoxication of what substance? _____
Answer: Marijuana
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1176: Desmopressin (DDAVP) is used to treat: _____ von Willebrand disease (type 1)
Answer: hemophilia A
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/bleeding/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1177: _____ = ototoxicity
Answer: Loop diuretics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/stroke/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1178: Carbamazepine, fever, rash, facial edema and eosinophilia is suggestive of _____
Answer: DRESS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1179: Can CCBs reduce anginal episodes in patients with stable ischemic heart disease? _____
Answer: Yes!
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1180: Erythropoietin can lead to new-onset hypertension _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1181: Aspirin and clopidogrel are examples of _____ Heparin, Warfarin, and Direct Thrombin/Xa inhibitors are examples of _____
Answer: anti-platelets
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1182: - FFP and Vitamin K reverses _____ overdose - Protamine reverses _____ overdose
Answer: warfarin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1183: _____ use can increase the risk of osteoporosis and therefore vertebral compression fractures
Answer: Corticosteroid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1184: Nicotine patches are contraindicated in patients with angina pectoris _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1185: Oral contraceptive pills can be used to treat hirsutism (e.g. in PCOS). How? _____
Answer: Estrogen/progesterone negative feedback → decreases anterior pituitary LH → decreases ovarian androgen production from Theca cells
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1186: Late, dose-dependent, irreversible dilated cardiomyopathy? _____ Early, dose-independent, reversible dilated cardiomyopathy? _____
Answer: Doxorubicin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1187: Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy (DVT): _____
Answer: Heparin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1188: Which tocolytic agent works by competing with Ca2+ for muscle depolarization (e.g. myometrium)? _____
Answer: Magnesium sulfate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 1189: What contaminant in illicit drugs (e.g. synthetic heroin) historically is associated with Parkinson disease? _____
Answer: MPTP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1190: Ezetimibe = _____ Cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam = _____
Answer: cholesterol absorption inhibitor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1191: What drug is used to induce ovulation in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome? _____
Answer: Clomiphene citrate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1192: Theophylline use is limited due to its narrow _____
Answer: therapeutic index
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1193: SSRIs during pregnancy may cause _____ in newborns
Answer: persistent pulmonary hypertension
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1194: What agents may be used to rapidly reverse the effects of warfarin? _____
Answer: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1195: Neuropathic pain (periph. neuropathy / postherpetic neuralgia) = _____
Answer: gabapentin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1196: _____ are the most effective drugs for decreasing serum triglycerides
Answer: Fibrates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1197: One factor that predisposes to digoxin toxicity is _____ insufficiency, which decreases drug excretion
Answer: renal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1198: Progesterone only pills is associated with _____
Answer: irregular uterine bleading
Extra:
Flashcard 1199: What is the recommended pharmaceutical therapy to reduce overall cardiovascular mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease? _____
Answer: Antiplatelet agent (e.g. aspirin) and statin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/vascular/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1200: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that may cause _____
Answer: agranulocytosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1201: Protein C or S deficiency causes increased risk of _____ with warfarin administration
Answer: thrombotic skin necrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/thrombophilia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1202: How do you treat Methemoglobinemia? _____
Answer: Methylene blue Vitamin C
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1203: Antidiarrheals are _____ in infectious diarrhea
Answer: contraindicated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 1204: Depression drugs (MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, and TCAs) are contraindicated in patients taking _____, which is a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity
Answer: St. John's wort
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1205: Do standard drug screens detect semisynthetic or synthetic opioids? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1206: What pharmacotherapy may be used to treat anorexia nervosa? _____
Answer: Olanzapine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/eating-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1207: What change in bowel movement is associated with activation of μ-opioid receptors? _____
Answer: Constipation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1208: Valproic acid is an anti-epileptic that may cause GI distress and _____ as adverse effects
Answer: pancreatitis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1209: TCAs may be used to treat _____ pain
Answer: neuropathic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1210: What is the clinical use of ulipristal? _____
Answer: Emergency contraception (progesterone receptor modulator)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1211: Symptomatic PVCs is managed with _____ Stable ventricular tachycardia is managed with _____
Answer: β-blocker / CCB
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/acls-easy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1212: Folate deficiency = _____ supplementation B12 deficiency = _____ supplementation
Answer: oral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/macrocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1213: Ischemic stroke ≤ 3 hrs. = _____ ischemic stroke > 3 hrs. = _____
Answer: tPA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/stroke/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1214: _____ is an SSRI with a long half-life therefore no need to taper
Answer: Fluoxetine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1215: Which NSAID does NOT affect lithium levels? _____
Answer: Aspirin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1216: What is management of a patient taking lamotrigine who develops a small maculopapular rash? _____
Answer: Lamotrigine should be discontinued at the first sign of rash and substituted with another agent
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1217: What anesthetic is associated with adrenal insufficiency, especially in elderly and critically ill patients? _____
Answer: Etomidate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1218: Medications that have been shown to improve long-term survival in patients with LV systolic dysfunction include: 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. Hydralazine and nitrates in African American patients
Answer: β-blockers
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1219: Topiramate is an anti-epileptic that may be helpful in the treatment of _____ disorders
Answer: impulse control
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1220: Common early side effects of _____ include headache, nausea, insomnia/sedation, anxiety, and dizziness
Answer: SSRIs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1221: Aspirin _____ be seen on x-ray Iron _____ be seen on x-ray
Answer: cannot
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1222: The progestin implant contains _____
Answer: etonogestrel
Extra:
Flashcard 1223: What is the pharmacotherapy of choice for the treatment of acute agitation in elderly patients (e.g. delirium)? _____
Answer: Typical or atypical antipsychotics (e.g. low dose haloperidol)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1224: Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) can cause weight _____
Answer: gain
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1225: Absence epilepsy = _____
Answer: ethosuximide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1226: Why is heparin given after an extremity injury? _____
Answer: ↓ thrombosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1227: _____ = indicated for BPH and decrease prostate size
Answer: Dutasteride
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1228: How do you treat lithium-induced hypothyroidism? _____
Answer: Add T4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1229: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus treatment: thiazides or _____ or amiloride
Answer: NSAIDs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/posterior-pituitary/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1230: The inhaled anesthetic halothane is most commonly associated with _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: hepatotoxicity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1231: Pharmacologic treatment of night enuresis may include _____ or _____
Answer: desmopressin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1232: Hemorrhagic skin necrosis is associated with _____
Answer: warfarin-induced skin necrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1233: Switching from most antidepressants to a MAOI requires a(n) _____ washout while switching to fluoxetine requires a(n) _____ washout
Answer: 2-week
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1234: Can dronabinol be used to treat cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS)? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1235: Nicotine withdrawal may be treated using nicotine replacement or _____
Answer: varenicline or bupropion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1236: Calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil, may be used for _____ prophylaxis
Answer: cluster headache
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1237: Infertile women with anovulatory cycles may be treated with _____, which stimulates ↑ GnRH
Answer: clomiphene
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1238: Which selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) is preferred for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (especially those with breast cancer risk)? _____
Answer: Raloxifene
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1239: How do you treat menopausal hot flashes? _____
Answer: Venlafaxine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1240: _____ = corrosive esophagitis (remain upright 30 mins)
Answer: Bisphosphonates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1241: What is the single most effective drug in peripheral artery disease? _____
Answer: Cilostazol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1242: Prinzmetal angina = _____ or CCBs
Answer: nitrates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1243: Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) are ligands of _____, an intranuclear receptor that regulates gene transcription and causes upregulation of adiponectin and GLUT4
Answer: PPAR-gamma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1244: _____ = inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase
Answer: Statins
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1245: Tricyclic antidepressants are associated with the "Tri-C" side effects: _____, _____, _____
Answer: Convulsions
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1246: _____ and _____ are used for muscle spasm
Answer: Analgesics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1247: Most drug-drug interactions = _____ Fewest drug-drug interactions = _____
Answer: Paroxetine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1248: Can clozapine be prescribed during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1249: Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic agent that is used to treat a(n) _____
Answer: overactive bladder (detrusor instability)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1250: Ethosuximide is the first line treatment for _____
Answer: absence seizures
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1251: Which thioamide can cause agranulocytosis, propylthiouracil or methimazole? _____
Answer: Both :)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1252: _____ is a psychiatric medication that can cause hyperparathyroidism, leading to hypercalcemia
Answer: Lithium
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1253: What is the longest duration analgesic for wound management? _____
Answer: Bupivacaine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1254: What is the first-line therapy for aborting status epilepticus? _____
Answer: IV/IM benzodiazepines
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/seizure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1255: Acetazolamide causes decreased production of CSF, which is useful in the management of _____
Answer: pseudotumor cerebri
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1256: Prochlorperazine = _____
Answer: D2 blocker (chemotherapy antiemetic)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1257: What is the recommended treatment for a patient with severe cancer pain refractory to short-acting opioids? _____
Answer: Add a long-acting opioid agent
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1258: What is the pharmacological management of PCP toxicity? _____
Answer: Benzodiazepines
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1259: The most common side effect of metformin is _____
Answer: GI upset
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1260: Dextromethorphan may cause a falsely (+) _____ urine drug screen
Answer: PCP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1261: Cocaine intoxication can cause agitation, _____, _____, and pupillary _____
Answer: hypertension
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1262: After weight loss, PCOS is treated with _____ to regulate cycles and reduce androgenic symptoms
Answer: OCPs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1263: Antiemetics such as _____ or _____ can be used as monotherapy for acute migraine attacks, especially if the migraine is associated with vomiting
Answer: prochlorperazine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1264: What is the mechanism of systemic progestins as a contraceptive? _____
Answer: Inhibits GnRH/FSH/LH release → suppresses ovulation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1265: Is statin myopathy associated with diplopia? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1266: Orlistat MOA : _____ Orlistat clinical use: _____
Answer: intestinal lipase inhibitor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1267: Polyarteritis nodosa = _____ and cyclophosphamide
Answer: steroids
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/vasculitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1268: Is lamotrigine used to treat mania or depression in bipolar disorder? _____
Answer: Depression, both treats acute bipolar depression and prevents depression relapse
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/mood-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1269: What is known as a "high spinal" or "total spinal"? _____
Answer: Depression of cervical spinal cord and brainstem activity when local anesthesia ascends toward the head
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1270: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that may cause _____
Answer: agranulocytosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1271: What is the indication of methylergonovine? _____
Answer: Uterine atony
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/abnormal-labor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1272: The mini pill is composed of _____
Answer: norethindrone
Extra:
Flashcard 1273: Neuropathic pain (periph. neuropathy / postherpetic neuralgia) = TCA or _____
Answer: gabapentin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1274: Disulfiram inhibits _____
Answer: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1275: Use dependence is seen in what two classes of anti-arrhythmics? _____
Answer: Class 1 and 4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1276: _____ is an antagonist at breast and an agonist at bone and uterus
Answer: Tamoxifen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1277: First Line CHF Therapy (Stage 1) _____ β-blockers (Carvedilol)
Answer: ACE inhibitors / ARBs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1278: What is the recommended treatment for moderate, stage II COPD? _____
Answer: Long-acting bronchodilator (tiotropium) and SABA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/copd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1279: Fibrates may cause _____ as an adverse effect, especially when combined with statins
Answer: myopathy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1280: Which IV anesthetic causes profound vasodilation (and thus hypotension)? _____
Answer: Propofol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1281: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with a morbilliform rash, eosinophilia, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and transaminitis 8 weeks after starting phenytoin? _____
Answer: DRESS syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1282: 2nd-generation anti-psychotics with the lowest metabolic risk? _____
Answer: Aripiprazole, Lurasidone, Ziprasidone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1283: _____ and _____ diuretics can cause hyperuricemia, which may lead to precipitation of gout
Answer: Loop
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1284: Spironolactone = _____kalemia and gynecomastia
Answer: hyper
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1285: What combination of drugs provides a mortality benefit for African-American patients with CHF with LV dysfunction? _____
Answer: Hydralazine and nitrates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1286: What is respiratory depression in pt on MgSO4 a sign of? _____ What should be done? _____
Answer: Mag toxicity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1287: What is the safest antidiabetic drug to use in newly diagnosed diabetics? _____
Answer: Metformin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1288: Levonorgestrel (Plan B) = _____
Answer: progestin (emergency contraception)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1289: On standard urine drug screen, diphenhydramine and doxylamine are anti-allergy drugs that may be a false positive for _____
Answer: phencyclidine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1290: Cocaine may induce coronary _____, which can cause MI, stroke, or ischemic colitis
Answer: vasospasm
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1291: Which 1st line mood stabilizer is associated with U waves and flattened/inverted T waves on ECG? _____
Answer: Lithium
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1292: What is the preferred treatment for symptomatic patients with Paget disease of bone? _____
Answer: Bisphosphonates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1293: Migraine treatments: _____
Answer: Abortive: sumatriptan, NSAIDs, antiemetics, ergots Prophylaxis: propranolol, topiramate, amitriptyline, valproate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1294: A side effect of tacrolimus is _____kalemia
Answer: hyper
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1295: Pregabalin is used to treat _____ (second-line) and fibromyalgia
Answer: generalized anxiety disorder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1296: Long acting injectable anti-psychotics are used for _____ patients: Risperidone DEPOT Fluphenazine DECANOATE Haloperidol DECANOATE
Answer: non-compliant
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1297: Diphenhydramine may be used as a(n) _____ aid, but may cause significant _____ and have significant anti-_____ properties
Answer: sleep
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1298: Osteoporosis and reduce risk of vertebral fractures = _____
Answer: nasal calcitonin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1299: Lidocaine and perioral numbness / tinnitus / metallic taste = _____
Answer: systemic absorption
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1300: _____ = osteonecrosis of the jaw
Answer: Bisphosphonates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1301: What drug is as effective in mood disorders as carbamazepine, but better tolerated, with less risk of rash and hepatic toxicity? _____
Answer: Oxcarbazepine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1302: What is the first-line treatment for diffuse esophageal spasm? _____
Answer: Calcium channel blockers (e.g. diltiazem)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1303: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia = _____ platelet count
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1304: Fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, and tramadol are _____ opioids
Answer: synthetic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1305: What is the likely underlying cause of muscle pain in a patient taking metoprolol, lisinopril, aspirin, and simvastatin? _____
Answer: Statin-induced myopathy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1306: Patients taking valproate should have which tests prior to therapy and regular thereafter? _____
Answer: Liver tests
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1307: _____ may be given after RAI (radioactive iodine) ablation to control the possible worsening of symptoms due to the release of preformed thyroid hormones into circulation
Answer: Propranolol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1308: Which medication used for migraine prophylaxis is also effective at preventing chronic tension headaches? _____
Answer: Amitriptyline (TCA)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1309: Gastrointestinal-specific opioid antagonists such as _____ can be used in patients to reverse opioid-induced constipation
Answer: methylnaltrexone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1310: Which group of contraceptives have the highest risk of DVT/PE among contraceptives? _____
Answer: Patches
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1311: TCAs are relatively contraindicated in _____ patients due to severe anticholinergic and antihistamine effects
Answer: elderly
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 1312: MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking the opioid analgesic _____
Answer: meperidine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1313: Excessive tocolytic use = ↑ pulmonary _____
Answer: edema
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1314: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that may cause _____ and cardiomyopathy
Answer: myocarditis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1315: Cromolyn sodium is an asthma therapeutic that inhibits _____
Answer: mast cell degranulation (↓ histamine release)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1316: _____ = ↑ risk of "risky behaviors" (gambling, hypersexuality)
Answer: Dopamine agonists
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1317: ADHD alternative to stimulants = _____ or clonidine
Answer: atomoxetine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1318: Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that often causes _____
Answer: hyperprolactinemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1319: Bupropion may cause _____, especially in anorexic or bulimic patients
Answer: seizures
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1320: Hydralazine combined with a(n) nitrate provides a(n) _____ benefit for African Americans with heart failure
Answer: mortality
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1321: Why is lidocaine given with epi? _____
Answer: Vasoconstriction → prevent systemic absorption
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1322: Alpha-blockers have a mild effect on prostate growth or PSA level _____
Answer: F
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1323: Hyperkalemia and ACE-I / spironolactone and mild elevation of creatinine = _____
Answer: side effect of meds
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/potassium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1324: What drug intoxication presents as anxiety/paranoia/tachycardia, euphoria, increased appetite, and dry mouth? _____
Answer: Marijuana
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1325: Labetalol = _____
Answer: α/β-blocker
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1326: Raloxifene can increase DVT risk _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1327: _____ diuretics can be used to prevent calcium kidney stones
Answer: Thiazide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1328: Cilostazol should be given _____ smoking/exercise therapy and _____ revascularization procedures for peripheral artery disease
Answer: after
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1329: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose, miglitol) are infrequently prescribed due to their ability to cause _____ side effects
Answer: GI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1330: Severe post-op pain is managed with _____
Answer: PCA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1331: What is the recommended treatment for gout in patients with cirrhosis or congestive heart failure? _____
Answer: Colchicine or glucocorticoids
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1332: PTU and methimazole = possibly fatal _____
Answer: agranulocytosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 1333: Long-term PPI = _____ Mg and Fe and Ca
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1334: HER2/neu (+) breast cancer treatment and side effect? _____
Answer: Trastuzumab (herceptin); reversible cardiotoxicity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1335: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic associated with a dose dependent risk for _____
Answer: seizures
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1336: Does heroin show up on a regular drug screen? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1337: Acute lithium toxicity = _____ side effects Chronic lithium toxicity = _____ side effects
Answer: GI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1338: What is the antidote for Black Widow spider bites? _____
Answer: IV calcium gluconate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1339: Sulfonylureas and meglitinides may cause weight _____ as a side effect
Answer: gain
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1340: Contraindication to methylergonovine = _____ Contraindication to carboprost = _____
Answer: HTN
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/postpartum-hemorrhage/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1341: "liptin" Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin _____
Answer: DPP-4 inhibitor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1342: Tamoxifen is a SERM that acts as an estrogen receptor _____ in breast and _____ in endometrium
Answer: antagonist
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1343: Clomiphene is associated with _____ pregnancies
Answer: twin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1344: Natalizumab and rituximab have ↑ risk of _____
Answer: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1345: What is the preferred first-line treatment for central diabetes insipidus? _____
Answer: Desmopressin (intranasal preferred over oral)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/urology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1346: To prevent cardiorespiratory arrest and permanent neurologic disability, victims of smoke inhalation injury should be treated empirically for _____
Answer: cyanide toxicity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1347: Adverse effects of _____ include respiratory depression and hyperpyrexia
Answer: tricyclic antidepressants
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1348: Arterial or venous thrombosis is associated with _____
Answer: HIT
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1349: House fires = treat for _____ and _____ poisoning
Answer: cyanide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1350: Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that often causes _____
Answer: hyperprolactinemia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1351: Hematemesis/diarrhea and shock and anion gap metabolic acidosis → hepatic necrosis / bowel obstruction = _____ poisoning
Answer: iron
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1352: _____ is responsible for ↑ DVT risk
Answer: Estrogen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1353: _____ is generally avoided in patients with a recent MI due to its potential for dose-dependent QT prolongation
Answer: Citalopram
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1354: Initial therapy for male pattern baldness? _____ Treatment for women? _____
Answer: Minoxidil topically, and finasteride orally
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/alopecia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1355: Do cardioselective β-blockers reduce mortality in CHF and post-MI? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1356: What drug class do clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel belong to? _____
Answer: ADP (P2Y12) receptor inhibitors
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1357: _____ is stronger than _____ (hydrocodone/hydromorphone)
Answer: Hydromorphone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1358: DOC for mild IBD = _____ DOC for moderate IBD = _____ DOC for severe IBD = TNF-a inhibitor (Infliximab, for Crohn) vs. Surgery (UC) DOC for IBD flares = steroids
Answer: 5-aminosalicylates (sulfasalazine, mesalamine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/ibd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1359: _____ is a condition with ↑ survival with riluzole
Answer: ALS
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1360: Excessive energy drinks can cause _____ intoxication
Answer: caffeine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1361: Which SSRI is contraindicated during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Paroxetine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1362: What drug class do glyburide, glimepiride, and glipizide belong to? _____
Answer: 2nd generation sulfonylureas
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1363: Prior to removal of a pheochromocytoma, irreversible _____, such as phenoxybenzamine are administered, followed by _____
Answer: α-antagonists
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1364: Moderate ethanol intoxication may present with blood alcohol concentration between _____%
Answer: 0.15-0.3
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1365: High intensity statins = _____ and _____
Answer: atorvastatin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1366: Naltrexone (opioid antagonist)first-line tx Acamprosate (NMDA/glutamate modulation)first-line tx Disulfiram (acetaldehyde-DH antagonist)second-line tx These are three drugs used for preventing _____ relapse
Answer: alcohol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1367: Which of the following medications is the most appropriate for management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? _____
Answer: Clopidogrel
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1368: What diabetes complication can be treated with SNRIs? _____
Answer: Diabetic neuropathy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1369: One adverse effect associated with CCBs is _____, secondary to dilation of pre-capillary vessels (arterioles)
Answer: peripheral edema
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1370: Methanol ingestion damages the _____, showing a hyperemic optic disc on funduscopy
Answer: eye
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1371: The most common side effect of statins is _____, which occurs weeks to months after starting therapy
Answer: myopathy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1372: Typical antipsychotics are associated with _____-adrenergic blockade, which may cause orthostatic hypotension
Answer: α1
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1373: _____ leads to heparin resistance
Answer: Antithrombin deficiency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1374: Cinacalcet = _____ Indication = _____
Answer: reduces calcium levels by inhibiting PTH production
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1375: Which β-blocker is associated with QT interval prolongation? _____
Answer: Sotalol (class III antiarrhythmic)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 1376: Treatment options for K+ removal from the body in patients with hyperkalemia include _____, cation exchange resins, and hemodialysis (definitive)
Answer: diuretics
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/potassium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1377: Oral contraceptives are associated with hypertension _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1378: Carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, and bisoprolol = survival benefit for _____
Answer: HF and LVEF < 40%
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1379: What is the first-line medication for postherpetic neuralgia? _____
Answer: TCAs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1380: Women who are at increased risk for breast cancer and low risk for adverse medication effects should receive: _____
Answer: Tamoxifen or raloxifene
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1381: What teratogenic effect is associated with valproic acid? _____
Answer: Neural tube defects (e.g. spina bifida)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1382: Which clotting factors are inactivated by the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)? _____
Answer: Factor Xa, mostly
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1383: What is the recommended treatment for patients that develop type 1 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia? _____
Answer: Continue heparin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1384: Mild / moderate migraine headache = _____ Moderate / severe migraine headache = _____
Answer: NSAIDs/tylenol
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1385: Methemoglobinemia is typically treated with _____ or vitamin _____
Answer: methylene blue
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1386: Atypical antipsychotic with sedative/orthostasis effects? _____
Answer: Quetiapine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1387: Flushing and pruritus secondary to niacin therapy is caused by _____-induced peripheral vasodilation and can be treated with aspirin
Answer: prostaglandin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki symptoms may be reduced with low-dose aspirin
Flashcard 1388: Duloxetine is an SNRI that is indicated for the treatment of _____
Answer: fibromyalgia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1389: What drugs improve survival in dilated cardiomyopathy/CHF? _____
Answer: ACE-i or ARB / β-Blockers (Carvedilol) / Spironolactone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1390: What is the most common side effect of tamoxifen? _____
Answer: Hot flashes (80%)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1391: Omalizumab = mAb targeting _____
Answer: IgE
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1392: Which uterotonic is contraindicated in patients with hypertension or preeclampsia? _____
Answer: Methylergonovine (methergine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1393: What GI side effect is associated with ezetimibe? _____
Answer: Diarrhea/steatorrhea
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1394: Barbiturates increase Cl- conductance by increasing the _____ of channel opening
Answer: duration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1395: Trazodone is an atypical antidepressant that is primarily used to treat _____
Answer: insomnia
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1396: One adverse effect of NSAIDs is _____ (GI) due to inhibition of COX-1
Answer: gastric ulcers
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1397: _____ and ziprasidone = ↓ chance of weight gain
Answer: Aripiprazole
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1398: Thiazolidinedione-induced fluid retention can exacerbate _____
Answer: heart failure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1399: Depo-provera is an injection of _____ that lasts for _____
Answer: progesterone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1400: Mirabegron = _____
Answer: β3 agonist (overactive bladder)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1401: A common side effect of pramlintide, an amylin analog, is _____
Answer: GI upset
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1402: Triptan and _____ or another _____ = excessive vasoconstriction and HTN/MI/stroke
Answer: ergot
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1403: What muscular symptom is associated with serotonin syndrome? _____
Answer: Hyperreflexia and myoclonus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/catatonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1404: On standard urine drug screen, dextromethorphan and tramadol are analgesics that may be a false positive for _____
Answer: phencyclidine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1405: _____ is a competitive antagonist at the benzodiazepine GABA receptor, which is used to treat overdose or reverse sedative effects
Answer: Flumazenil
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1406: What class of analgesics may contribute to prolonged post-operative ileus? _____
Answer: Opiates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1407: Flumazenil (benzodiazepine reversal) = risk of _____
Answer: seizures
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1408: What endocrine pathology may be caused by carbamazepine use? _____
Answer: SIADH
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1409: What is the mechanism of action of ergot alkaloids (may be used for the treatment of migraines)? _____
Answer: Serotonin (5-HT) agonist
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1410: _____ and TCAs are migraine prophylactics
Answer: β-blockers
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1411: Prochlorperazine (compazine) = _____ often good for migraine a/w vomiting
Answer: D2 blocker (chemotherapy antiemetic)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1412: Repaglinide or nateglinide = _____
Answer: meglitinide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1413: What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for pseudotumor cerebri? _____
Answer: Acetazolamide +/- Furosemide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1414: What is the likely ingested agent in a patient who overdosed and presents with fever, tinnitus, and tachypnea? _____
Answer: Aspirin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1415: The typical antipsychotic thioridazine is associated with _____ deposits
Answer: retinal
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1416: Antipsychotics may lower the _____ and must be used with caution in patients who have _____
Answer: seizure threshold
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1417: What effect may loop diuretics have on serum K+ and Mg2+ levels? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1418: Diazepam and flurazepam and chlordiazepoxide are _____-acting benzodiazepines
Answer: long
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1419: Amylin analogues (e.g. pramlintide) decrease _____ secretion
Answer: glucagon
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1420: Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) may be treated with _____ restriction, with conivaptan/tolvaptan, or with a tetracycline such as demeclocycline
Answer: water
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1421: What drug classes are useful for the management of anal fissures? (2) _____
Answer: Topical anesthetics Vasodilators
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1422: What tocolytic agent is associated with flushing, headache, and tachycardia as possible side effects? _____
Answer: Nifedipine (dihydropyridine CCB)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1423: first line type 2 diabetes therapy (after lifestyle) = _____
Answer: metformin (biguanides)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1424: What anti-parkinson's medication can cause this side effect? _____
Answer: Amantadine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/tremor/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1425: Avoid nodal blockers (e.g. adenosine) in _____
Answer: WPW
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/acls-easy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1426: First line therapy in COPD = _____
Answer: muscarinic blockers (tiotropium/ipratropium)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1427: Which atypical antidepressant is useful for treating depressed patients with insomnia? _____
Answer: Mirtazapine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1428: PDE-5 inhibitors = contraindicated with _____
Answer: nitrates
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/uro-misc/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1429: What sexual dysfunction may be treated with SSRIs? _____
Answer: Premature ejaculation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1430: Which antispasmodics are used to treat irritable bowel syndrome? _____
Answer: Hyoscyamine Dicyclomine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1431: What class of diabetic drugs should be added to metformin in a patient with uncontrolled blood glucose that desires weight loss? _____
Answer: GLP-1 receptor agonists
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1432: _____ and _____ are K+ sparing diuretics that act by competitively antagonizing the mineralocorticoid receptor
Answer: Eplerenone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1433: Electrolyte abnormalities due to succinylcholine can lead to a life-threatening _____
Answer: cardiac arrhythmia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1434: Can paroxetine cause hypertension as an adverse effect? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1435: Analgesic nephropathy is a renal complication of _____ NSAID use
Answer: prolonged
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1436: Dual-platelet therapy with _____ and _____ receptor inhibitors is used to prevent coronary stent thrombosis
Answer: aspirin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1437: Hydroxyurea is useful in the treatment of sickle cell anemia because it increases levels of _____ to > 15%.
Answer: HbF
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1438: Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin are all examples of _____ inhibitors
Answer: SGLT2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1439: Raloxifene is a SERM that acts as an estrogen receptor _____ in breast and _____ in endometrium
Answer: antagonist
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1440: What is the contraindication for Prostaglandin F2alpha (hemabate) in postpartum hemorrhage? _____
Answer: Asthma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1441: Are prednisone and indomethacin used in combination in the treatment of an acute gout attack? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1442: Digitalis can increase heart rate due to _____ of the atria or ventricles
Answer: ectopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/acls-easy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1443: Lispro, aspart, glulisine (rapid acting insulin) are useful for controlling the _____ glucose spike
Answer: postprandial
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/insulin-management/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1444: _____ is used as an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
Answer: Fomepizole
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1445: What is first-line treatment for vasomotor rhinitis? _____
Answer: Intranasal antihistamines (e.g. azelastine) Intranasal glucocorticoids (e.g. fluticasone)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1446: Plot A = change in _____ Plot B = change in _____
Answer: potency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1447: Triamcinolone = _____
Answer: steroid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1448: Metformin (biguanides) = _____ liver gluconeogenesis (main MOA) and _____ insulin sensitivity
Answer: ↓
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1449: Ethylene glycol damages the _____, showing calcium oxalate stones with Wood's lamp
Answer: kidney
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1450: _____, a K+ sparing diuretic, may be used to treat symptoms of androgen excess in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Answer: Spironolactone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1451: _____ and _____ are two anti-epileptics associated with DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms)
Answer: Phenytoin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1452: What is first-line in management of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia? _____
Answer: Bisphosphonates (e.g. zoledronic acid)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1453: _____ = ↑ risk of rhabdomyolysis
Answer: Statins
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1454: _____ is the most reliable and predictive sign of opioid intoxication
Answer: Decreased respiratory rate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1455: What is the mechanism by which β-blockers are able to relieve anginal pain? Decrease _____ → reduces _____
Answer: HR and contractility
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1456: Hyperthyroidism and 1st trimester pregnancy = _____ Hyperthyroidism and 2nd/3rd trimester pregnancy = _____
Answer: propylthiouracil (PTU)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1457: First line treatment for open-angle glaucoma is _____
Answer: topical prostaglandins (latanoprost)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1458: Combined estrogen-progesterone contraceptive options include daily _____, weekly _____, and monthly _____
Answer: pills
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1459: Options for pharmacological management of an acutely agitated patient include the administration of a(n) _____ and/or an antipsychotic agent
Answer: benzodiazepine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1460: Which test (PT or PTT) is used to follow the effects of warfarin? Which levels are increased? _____
Answer: PT (via INR), but both are increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/bleeding/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1461: What are the pharmacological options for Tourette's syndrome? _____
Answer: Antipsychotics Tetrabenazine Alpha-2-agonists (e.g. guanfacine, clonidine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/peds-neurodevelopmental/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1462: TCAs, such as amitryptiline, may be used for _____ prophylaxis
Answer: migraine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1463: Acute lithium toxicity presents with _____ symptoms
Answer: GI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1464: TCAs are a class of antidepressants that can cause _____ prolongation, which precipitates Torsades de pointes
Answer: QT interval
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1465: Bile acid resins frequently cause GI side effects, such as _____ and _____
Answer: constipation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1466: Hypertension and migraine prophylaxis = _____
Answer: β-blockers (e.g. propranolol)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1467: Cocaine may induce coronary _____, which can cause myocardial ischemia and Prinzmetal angina
Answer: vasospasm
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1468: On standard urine drug screen, venlafaxine is an antidepressant that may be a false positive for _____
Answer: phencyclidine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1469: In addition to IV hydration and a low-purine diet, uric acid kidney stones may be treated with _____
Answer: potassium citrate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1470: Examples of the following asthma medications: - SABA: _____ - ICS: _____ - ICS/LABA: _____ - Leukotriene antagonists: montelukast, zafirlukast - Anticholinergic/SABA: ipratropium/abuterol (DuoNeb) - Anticholinergic/LABA: tiotropium/olodaterol (Stiolto)
Answer: albuterol, xopenex (Levalbuterol)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1471: Carbamazepine is a(n) inducer of _____ and thus may have many drug interactions
Answer: cytochrome P450
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1472: What two SSRIs are first line in post-MI treatment due to low potential for drug-reactions? _____
Answer: Sertraline Escitalopram
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1473: Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) is used for _____
Answer: gallstone dissolution (non-acute)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1474: Cromolyn sodium is used for acute bronchodilation _____
Answer: F → used for bronchospasm prevention
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1475: Iron supplements should always be given with _____
Answer: stool softeners
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/anemia-approach/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1476: Alternative to β-blocker as treatment for stable angina? _____
Answer: Non-DHP CCB
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1477: Which anti-epileptic medications may be used for migraine prophylaxis? _____
Answer: Topiramate and valproic acid
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1478: _____ is a GnRH antagonist used to treat endometriosis
Answer: Elagolix
Extra:
Flashcard 1479: Premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy is the strongest predictor of stent _____ within the first 12 months
Answer: thrombosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1480: Treatment of salicylate intoxication includes alkalinization of the urine with _____
Answer: sodium bicarbonate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1481: Pharmacologic treatment of narcolepsy involves daytime _____ and nighttime _____
Answer: modafinil
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/sleep-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1482: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are examples of glitazones, also known as _____
Answer: thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1483: Sulfonylureas have significant risk of causing _____ as a possible side effect
Answer: hypoglycemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1484: What drug class do lurasidone and ziprasidone belong to? _____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1485: Antidotes for cyanide poisoning include _____ (preferred) or _____; alternatively nitrites may be used to induce methemoglobinemia
Answer: hydroxycobalamin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1486: Does levothyroxine significantly increase the risk for neonatal thyrotoxicosis? _____
Answer: No (doesn't cross placenta to a significant degree)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1487: Teriparatide is a(n) _____ used to treat severe osteoporosis when given in pulsatile fashion by increasing activity of osteoblasts → increase bone density
Answer: PTH analog
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1488: General treatment concept for asthma as follows: 1. Bronchostriction → _____ 2. Inflammation → _____ 3. Stabilizing → _____ Of the previous three symptoms, asthma treatment should be focused mainly on which one? Controlling bronchoconstriction and inflammation
Answer: SABA/LABA and Leukotrienes + Theophylline
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1489: What class of drugs may precipitate symptoms of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction? _____
Answer: Opioid analgesics (e.g. morphine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1490: Disulfiram is an aversive agent that can be used only in _____ patients and would not be preferred in patients who are _____
Answer: abstinent
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1491: Pramlintide is an analog of _____
Answer: amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1492: Synthetic cathinones are also known as _____
Answer: bath salts
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1493: _____, _____, and oxycodone are semisynthetic opioids
Answer: Hydromorphone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1494: _____ is a peripheral DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor used to increase the bioavailability of levodopa
Answer: Carbidopa
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1495: What is the underlying cause of tinnitus and a metallic taste in the mouth after administration of epidural anesthesia? _____
Answer: Intravascular injection of the anesthetic agent
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1496: One treatment for cyanide poisoning is vitamin _____ which may bind cyanide
Answer: B12
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1497: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may be treated with _____, which is an antibody that binds and inhibits complement protein C5
Answer: eculizumab
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1498: Stage 3 Heart Failure = add _____ or BiDil
Answer: spironolactone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1499: IV morphine dosage in hospice patients = _____ mg q2h
Answer: 2-4
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1500: Which atypical antipsychotic is a D2 partial agonist? _____
Answer: Aripiprazole
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1501: Adenosine is the first line agent for acute treatment of _____ arrhythmias
Answer: supraventricular
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1502: What chemotherapeutic agent(s) are associated with heart failure with myocardial stunning without necrosis? _____
Answer: Trastuzumab
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1503: Is weight gain an adverse effect associated with oral contraceptive pills? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1504: What is the treatment for Wet Macular Degeneration? _____
Answer: Anti-VEGF
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/adult-ophtho/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1505: What drug should be added to the management of stroke in a pt that was already on aspirin? _____
Answer: Dipyridamole
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1506: Which atypical antipsychotics are most associated with metabolic syndrome? _____
Answer: "-pines" (esp. clozapine and olanzapine)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1507: What do you administer to reverse magnesium's toxicity? _____
Answer: IV calcium gluconate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki magnesium becomes toxic at concentrations > 8 mg/dL
Flashcard 1508: Close PDA = _____
Answer: indomethacin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/vascular/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1509: Topiramate may cause _____
Answer: cognitive slowing
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1510: _____ antipsychotics may cause metabolic syndrome _____ antipsychotics may cause extrapyramidal symptoms, NMS and tardive dyskinesia
Answer: Atypical
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/psychotic-disorders/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1511: Which of the following medications provide fast-acting symptomatic relief during a flare-up of rheumatoid arthritis? _____
Answer: Prednisolone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1512: What hormone analog may be used to treat VIPoma and carcinoid syndrome? _____
Answer: Octreotide (somatostatin analog)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1513: What is the treatment for infantile spasm (West syndrome)? _____
Answer: ACTH (cosyntropin)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1514: First line treatment for organic impotence is _____
Answer: PDE-5 inhibitors
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1515: Which second-generation antipsychotics are most associated with prolonged QTc? _____ _____
Answer: Risperidone
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1516: Dihydropyridine CCBs are useful for treating angina due to their ability to cause coronary vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1517: What class of drugs may inhibit the actions of loop diuretics? _____
Answer: NSAIDs (decreased prostaglandin synthesis)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1518: A 22-year-old woman on olanzapine experiences sedation and weight gain due to antagonism of the _____ receptor
Answer: H1 histamine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1519: Can MgSO4 be used on myesthenia gravis pts? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki
Flashcard 1520: What is the best initial analgesic therapy for osteoarthritis? _____
Answer: NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1521: The _____ potency typical antipsychotics are trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, and haloperidol
Answer: high
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1522: What is the mechanism as to why OCPs increase risk for DVTs? _____
Answer: Estrogen found within OCPs decreases protein S levels
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1523: Blockage of which dopamine pathway is responsible for extrapyramidal symptoms and NMS in patients taking antipsychotics? _____
Answer: Nigrostriatal pathway
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1524: What is the effect of digoxin on the PR interval? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1525: NSAIDs can worsen anaphylaxis by resulting in nonimmunologic _____ cell activation
Answer: mast
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal?ref=anki
Flashcard 1526: Hypertension and BPH = _____
Answer: α1 blocker
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1527: MDMA (ecstasy) intoxication causes pupil _____
Answer: dilation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1528: What to prescribe for exercised-induced asthma with known triggers? _____
Answer: IgE/Histamine stabilizers (Nedocromil or Cromolyn Sulfate) Can be used immediately before known exposure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1529: Vasomotor rhinitis does not respond to treatment with oral antihistamines _____
Answer: T
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1530: Benzodiazepines may be used as a hypnotic to treat _____, but they are not first line treatment due to physical dependence
Answer: insomnia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1531: Decreased sensation to pinprick and nystagmus and hypertonia = _____
Answer: PCP
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry?ref=anki
Flashcard 1532: What drug intoxication presents as euphoria, slow reflexes, increased appetite, paranoia, and dry mouth? _____
Answer: Marijuana
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1533: Which two anti-emetics can cause torsades as a possible side effect? _____
Answer: Ondansetron and metoclopramide
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1534: Statin and myositis or hepatitis → _____
Answer: stop statin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/cholesterol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1535: First line treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma include _____-blocker, α2 agonist (eye drops) and a systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (e.g. acetazolamide)
Answer: β
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1536: Barbiturates can cause severe CNS depression (e.g. coma) and should be avoided in _____ patients
Answer: elderly
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1537: β-blockers = _____cardia
Answer: brady
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 1538: What is the mechanism of OCP that reduces the risk of endometrial cancer? _____
Answer: Progestin counteracts estrogen's effect on endometrial proliferation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1539: All ER+ and/or PR+ breast cancers should receive _____ or aromatase inhibitors*
Answer: tamoxifen/raloxifene (SERMs)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1540: Which selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) is preferred for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis? _____
Answer: Raloxifene
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 1541: Carbamazepine exerts its effects by blocking _____ channels
Answer: Na+
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 1542: NSAIDs should not be used for treatment of gout in patients taking _____ or who have renal insufficiency
Answer: anticoagulants (e.g. aspirin, clopidogrel, apixaban)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1543: Dihydropyridine CCBs may be used to treat _____, which is an exaggerated vascular response to cold temperature or emotional stress
Answer: Raynaud's phenomenon
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/other-connective-tissue/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 1544: What drugs are associated with the followings? -cGMP-dependent protein kinase -Janus tyrosine kinase -Phosphodiesterase -Protein kinase A -Tyrosine-specific protein kinase
Answer: cGMP-dependent protein kinase: smooth muscle relaxation. Sildenafil (viagra) could inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase to cause smooth muscle relaxation, to tx erectile dysfunction. -Janus tyrosine kinase: GH, (PIGGLET) -Phosphodiesterase: could inhibit cGMP, cAMP. Sildenafil could inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterase, lead to high cGMP. Theophyline could inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase, which will lead to high cAMP to cause bonchodilation in asthma. -Protein kinase A: Glucagon (FLAT champ) -Tyrosine specific protein kinsase: Insulin
Flashcard 1545: 34 y/o industry worker experiences rapid-onset shortness of breath. dizziness, palpitations & flushed skin after accidental exposure to chemical fumes. -Examination: tachypneic, reddish discoloration of the skin withou cyanosis. -Patient is immidiately instructed to inhale amyl nitrite from the safety kit. -The success of this antidote is dependent upon its ability to convert hemoglobin into a from with increased affinity for which substances?
Answer: Cyanide Fe2+ (hemoglobin) -------> Fe3+ (methemoglobin), which loves to bind to Cyanide, By Nitrates. Bind tyghtly to cyanide. Causes dusky discoloration to skin. Cannot carry oxygen.
Flashcard 1546: Cyclosporine can cause arthropathy by causing hyper_____
Answer: uricemia
Flashcard 1547: What toxin is found in spoiled dark-meat fish (e.g. tuna, mahi-mahi, mackerel, bonito)?_____
Answer: Histamine (scombroid poisoning)
Flashcard 1548: Direct Xa inhibitors can be reversed with administration of _____.
Answer: andexanet alfa
Flashcard 1549: Cyclobenzaprine is used to treat _____
Answer: muscle spasms
Flashcard 1550: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may be administered clinically as a _____
Answer: thrombolytic
Flashcard 1551: Mycophenolate mofetil is used prophylactically to reduce _____
Answer: transplant rejection
Flashcard 1552: Neuro/Psych _____ is a precursor of dopamine that does cross the blood-brain-barrier
Answer: Levodopa (L-DOPA)
Flashcard 1553: _____ is used for (lead) chelation in kids
Answer: Succimer
Flashcard 1554: One treatment for cyanide poisoning is _____, which helps restore rhodanese-mediated metabolism of cyanide to thiocyanate
Answer: sodium thiosulfate
Flashcard 1555: What are the treatments (2) for arsenic and mercury poisoning?_____
Answer: Dimercaprol and succimer (aka DMSA)
Flashcard 1556: What coagulation factors (2) are the principal targets of antithrombin? _____
Answer: IIa (thrombin) and Xa
Flashcard 1557: What teratogenic effect is associated with valproic acid? _____
Answer: Neural tube defects (e.g. spina bifida)
Flashcard 1558: Which uricosuric drug is used to treat chronic gout due to underexcretion?_____
Answer: Probenecid
Flashcard 1559: Patients with polycythemia vera may take low-dose _____ to decrease risk of thrombosis
Answer: aspirin
Flashcard 1560: Acute vitamin _____ toxicity presents with nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and blurred vision
Answer: A
Flashcard 1561: What dermatologic complication is associated with phenytoin use? _____
Answer: Steven-Johnson syndrome
Flashcard 1562: What is the first line treatment for restless leg syndrome (Willis-Ekbom Disease)? _____
Answer: Dopamine receptor agonists (ropinirole, pramipexole)
Flashcard 1563: Which class of anti-platelet drugs may cause TTP as an adverse effect?_____
Answer: ADP receptor inhibitors
Flashcard 1564: Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a potent vaso-_____
Answer: dilator
Flashcard 1565: NSAIDs may reduce excretion of _____, which is commonly used as an antipsychotic drug
Answer: lithium
Flashcard 1566: Lithium has a narrow _____
Answer: therapeutic index
Flashcard 1567: Gabapentin is a _____ spectrum anti-epileptic
Answer: narrow
Flashcard 1568: What acid-base disorder may be caused by K+-sparing diuretics? _____
Answer: Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Flashcard 1569: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may be treated with _____, which is a terminal complement inhibitor
Answer: eculizumab
Flashcard 1570: What teratogenic effect is associated with maternal phenytoin use? _____
Answer: Fetal hydantoin syndrome
Flashcard 1571: What drug class does bivalirudin belong to? _____
Answer: Direct thrombin inhibitor
Flashcard 1572: Which direct thrombin inhibitor is administered orally? _____
Answer: Dabigatran
Flashcard 1573: In the initial stages of warfarin therapy, there is a temporary deficiency of _____ compared to factors II, VII, IX, and X
Answer: protein C
Flashcard 1574: Is protamine sulfate effective at reversing the effects of LMWH and fondaparinux? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1575: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a disorder that results in platelet _____ secondary to heparin therapy
Answer: activation
Flashcard 1576: Do mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (e.g. spironolactone, eplerenone) prolong life in heart failure?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 1577: _____ is a PDE-4 inhibitor that is used in severe COPD and may cause abdominal pain, weight loss, and depression.
Answer: Roflumilast
Flashcard 1578: _____ is an immunosuppressant that can be used in drug-eluting stents
Answer: Sirolimus (rapamycin)
Flashcard 1579: Treatment of IgG-mediated hemolytic anemia involves cessation of the offending drug (if applicable) and _____; may also use IVIG for temporary relief
Answer: steroids
Flashcard 1580: Carbamazepine is associated with _____ toxicity as an adverse effect
Answer: liver
Flashcard 1581: Is carbamazepine use associated with teratogenic effects? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 1582: Colchicine is primarily used for treatment of diseases that involve dysfunction of _____
Answer: neutrophils
Flashcard 1583: Lithium is almost exclusively excreted by the _____
Answer: kidneys
Flashcard 1584: What is the treatment for von Willebrand disease?_____
Answer: Desmopressin
Flashcard 1585: Eculizumab is indicated for the treatment of _____
Answer: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Flashcard 1586: Which calcineurin inhibitor binds to cyclophilin? _____
Answer: Cyclosporine
Flashcard 1587: What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?_____
Answer: Epoxide reductase inhibitor
Flashcard 1588: Rituximab is indicated for _____ purpura
Answer: immune thrombocytopenic
Flashcard 1589: Initially immune thrombocytopenia can be treated with steroids, but if it becomes refractory the patient can be given _____mab Bonus*- what drug inhibits the macrophages?
Answer: rituxi
Flashcard 1590: Why is there a relative protein C and S deficiency in the initial stages of warfarin therapy?_____
Answer: Protein C and S have a shorter half-life than factors II, VII, IX, and X
Flashcard 1591: Neuro/Psych_____-acting benzodiazepines are typically metabolized by the liver into active metabolites
Answer: Long
Flashcard 1592: What drug is used to reverse the effects of dabigatran? _____
Answer: Idarucizumab
Flashcard 1593: Treatment of iron deficiency anemia involves supplemental _____
Answer: iron (ferrous sulfate)
Flashcard 1594: What size of nerve fiber, small or large diameter, is affected first by local anesthetics? _____
Answer: Small-diameter fibers
Flashcard 1595: Sickle cell anemia is treated with _____ and hydration
Answer: hydroxyurea
Flashcard 1596: Barbiturates _____ the action of GABAA (enhance or inhibit)
Answer: enhance
Flashcard 1597: Leuprolide is a _____ analog
Answer: GnRH
Flashcard 1598: Disulfiram is used discourage to _____ consumption
Answer: alcohol
Flashcard 1599: Valproic acid _____ levels of GABA in the CNS via inhibition of GABA transaminase
Answer: increases
Flashcard 1600: What renal complication may be caused by topiramate? _____
Answer: Kidney stones
Flashcard 1601: Ezetimibe may cause increased _____ function tests
Answer: liver
Flashcard 1602: Epoetin alfa is a recombinant form of _____ used to treat anemias
Answer: erythropoietin
Flashcard 1603: What is the predominant autonomic receptor on the pupillary sphincter muscle? _____
Answer: M3
Flashcard 1604: Is aspirin a reversible or irreversible inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2?_____
Answer: Irreversible
Flashcard 1605: Adverse effects associated with phenytoin include diplopia and _____ (eye complications)
Answer: nystagmus
Flashcard 1606: What MSK pathology is associated with heparin use? _____
Answer: Osteoporosis
Flashcard 1607: Does buspirone use lead to tolerance and/or addiction? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1608: Does aspirin inhibit COX-1 or COX-2?_____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 1609: Which nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic has the longest half-life?_____
Answer: Eszoplicone
Flashcard 1610: Which clotting factors are inactivated by unfractionated heparin? _____
Answer: Thrombin (IIa) and factor Xa
Flashcard 1611: MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking the anti-tussive _____
Answer: dextromethorphan
Flashcard 1612: What inhaled anesthetic is commonly known as "laughing gas"? _____
Answer: Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Flashcard 1613: What is the site (organ) of action of warfarin?_____
Answer: Liver
Flashcard 1614: Capsaicin cream can be used to treat _____ neuralgia
Answer: post herpetic
Flashcard 1615: What drug class does trazodone belong to?_____
Answer: Atypical antidepressants
Flashcard 1616: Oprelvekin is a recombinant form of _____ used to treat thrombocytopenia
Answer: IL-11
Flashcard 1617: What drug class does dipyridamole belong to?_____
Answer: PDE-5 inhibitor
Flashcard 1618: What class of anticoagulants are used to treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?_____
Answer: Direct thrombin inhibitors
Flashcard 1619: What three treatments for hyperammonemia act by reacting with glycine / glutamine, forming products that are renally excreted? _____
Answer: Benzoate, Phenylacetate, Phenylbutyrate
Flashcard 1620: What laboratory assay is used to follow the effects of warfarin?_____
Answer: PT/INR
Flashcard 1621: Mirtazapine can cause sedation, which may be desirable in depressed patients with _____
Answer: insomnia
Flashcard 1622: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on fibroblast activity?_____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 1623: Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, has a fast onset of action (hours)?_____
Answer: Heparin
Flashcard 1624: Which drug decreases renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid?_____
Answer: Probenecid
Flashcard 1625: Eltrombopag is a _____ receptor agonist used to treat thrombocytopenia
Answer: thrombopoetin
Flashcard 1626: Compared to unfractionated heparin, LMWH and fondaparinux are _____ likely to cause HIT
Answer: less
Flashcard 1627: What drugs (2) may be used to treat a patient with polyarteritis nodosa? _____
Answer: Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide
Flashcard 1628: Which anticoagulant has the greatest efficacy on factor Xa? _____
Answer: LMWH
Flashcard 1629: Examples of the beers criteria include drugs that increase the risk of _____ (alpha blockers)
Answer: hypotension
Flashcard 1630: Are cyclosporine and tacrolimus nephrotoxic?_____
Answer: Yes (highly)
Flashcard 1631: What effect do bile acid resins have on serum triglycerides levels? _____
Answer: Slightly increased
Flashcard 1632: Coadministration of _____ when starting warfarin therapy prevents the early hypercoaguable state
Answer: heparin
Flashcard 1633: Warfarin is _____ by cytochrome P450 and thus has many drug interactions
Answer: metabolized
Flashcard 1634: The effect of aspirin on coagulation studies is _____.
Answer: increased bleeding time, no change in PT and PTT
Flashcard 1635: Phenytoin exerts its effects by blocking _____ channels
Answer: Na+
Flashcard 1636: How is low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) eliminated from the body?_____
Answer: Renal excretion
Flashcard 1637: What enzyme is blocked by the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil?_____
Answer: IMP dehydrogenase
Flashcard 1638: To calculate bioavailability using graphs of plasma concentration vs time utilizing nonintravenous vs intravenous administration, what is the formula?_____
Answer: F = (AUC oral x dose IV) / (AUC IV x dose oral)
Flashcard 1639: What treatment is used for reversal of heparin therapy? _____
Answer: Protamine sulfate
Flashcard 1640: Unfractionated heparin has a relatively _____ half-life
Answer: short
Flashcard 1641: Do GLP-1 agonists and/or DPP-4 inhibitors cause hypoglycemia as a possible side effect?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1642: Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside that inhibits the _____ pump by binding to the K+ site
Answer: Na+-K+ ATPase
Flashcard 1643: Are anti-histamine effects more common with high or low potency typical antipsychotics? _____
Answer: Low potency
Flashcard 1644: Alprazolam, Lorazepam, and Temazepam are benzodiazepines that have _____ half lifes
Answer: intermediate
Flashcard 1645: What drug class do lurasidone and ziprasidone belong to?_____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation)
Flashcard 1646: The most common side effect of erythropoetin stimulating agents is _____
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 1647: One treatment for cyanide poisoning is _____, which induces methemoglobinemia
Answer: amyl nitrite
Flashcard 1648: Topiramate increases GABA action and thus may cause _____ and fatigue as adverse effects
Answer: sedation
Flashcard 1649: Barbiturates exert their effects via binding to an allosteric site on the _____ receptor
Answer: GABAA
Flashcard 1650: Peripheral conversion of levodopa may cause cardiac _____
Answer: arrhythmias
Flashcard 1651: Topiramate may cause confusion and cognitive _____ as adverse effects
Answer: slowing
Flashcard 1652: Which MAO inhibitors (2) are selective MAO-B inhibitors? _____
Answer: Selegiline and rasagiline
Flashcard 1653: Romiplostim is a _____ analog used to treat thrombocytopenia
Answer: thrombopoetin
Flashcard 1654: _____ can be given IM or as a nasal spray to treat an acute opioid overdose in an unconscious individual
Answer: Naloxone
Flashcard 1655: Which class of anti-platelet drugs may cause thrombocytopenia as an adverse effect?_____
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors
Flashcard 1656: Which calcineurin inhibitor is associated with gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism? _____
Answer: Cyclosporine
Flashcard 1657: What is the route of administration of warfarin? _____
Answer: Oral
Flashcard 1658: Teriparatide decreases _____ in patients with osteoporosis.
Answer: fractures
Flashcard 1659: What class of drugs acts via activation of PPAR-gamma? _____
Answer: Thiazolidinediones
Flashcard 1660: Reversal of thrombolytic therapy may involve platelet transfusions or _____ corrections (e.g. FFP, cryoprecipitate, PCC)
Answer: factor
Flashcard 1661: Warfarin has a _____ half-life
Answer: long
Flashcard 1662: Tyramine toxicity in patients on MAO inhibitors can precipitate _____ crisis
Answer: hypertensive
Flashcard 1663: Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the _____ receptor
Answer: IL-2
Flashcard 1664: The mechanism of action of lithium may be related to inhibition of the _____ signaling pathway
Answer: IP3
Flashcard 1665: What is the treatment for Raynaud phenomenon? _____
Answer: Ca2+ channel blockers
Flashcard 1666: One advantage of LMWH and fondaparinux is that they do not require routine _____
Answer: monitoring
Flashcard 1667: The _____-opioid receptor mediates most of the clinical and adverse effects
Answer:
Flashcard 1668: In _____ order kinetics, the rate of reaction is constant
Answer: zero
Flashcard 1669: Which NSAID is used as a tocolytic?_____
Answer: Indomethacin
Flashcard 1670: Trazodone is a _____ histamine receptor antagonist
Answer: H1
Flashcard 1671: Evolocumab and alirocumab are lipid-lowering agents that inhibit _____
Answer: PCSK9 (what enzyme?)
Flashcard 1672: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Diltiazem has some vaso-_____ activity
Answer: dilatory
Flashcard 1673: What drug class do enoxaparin and dalteparin belong to? _____
Answer: Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
Flashcard 1674: Leuprolide is a GnRH analog with _____ properties when used in a pulsatile fashion
Answer: agonist
Flashcard 1675: Which calcineurin inhibitor binds to FK506 binding protein (FKBP)? _____
Answer: Tacrolimus (FK506)
Flashcard 1676: One treatment for cyanide poisoning is vitamin _____ which may bind cyanide
Answer: (hydroxycobalamin) B12
Flashcard 1677: Binding of ADP to the P2Y12 receptor promotes optimal exposure of the _____ receptor on platelets
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa
Flashcard 1678: COX-_____ is inducible by inflammation
Answer: 2
Flashcard 1679: Inhaled anesthetics with lower solubility in blood have a _____ recovery
Answer: faster
Flashcard 1680: What is the mechanism by which combined contraceptives (progestins + estradiol) act as a contraceptive? _____
Answer: Inhibit ovulation
Flashcard 1681: Thiazolidinedione-induced fluid retention can exacerbate _____
Answer: heart failure
Flashcard 1682: Which reaction to monoclonal antibodies includes skin rash, fever, and arthralgias?_____
Answer: Serum sickness
Flashcard 1683: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that may cause _____ and cardiomyopathy (cardiac complications)
Answer: myocarditis
Flashcard 1684: What drug class does ethacrynic acid belong to?_____
Answer: Loop diuretics
Flashcard 1685: Halothane is an example of an inhaled anesthetic with _____ lipid and blood solubility
Answer: high
Flashcard 1686: What is the clinical use for butorphanol? _____
Answer: Severe pain relief (e.g. migraine, labor)
Flashcard 1687: Capsaicin causes excessive activation of _____, resulting in defunctionalization of nociceptive nerve fibers
Answer: TRPV1
Flashcard 1688: What type of nerve fiber, myelinated or unmyelinated, is affected first by local anesthetics? _____
Answer: Myelinated fibers
Flashcard 1689: What effect do cardiac glycosides have on intracellular Na+ concentration?_____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 1690: What effect do anti-muscarinics have on heart rate? _____
Answer: Increased HR
Flashcard 1691: Acetazolamide is a _____ drug and thus may cause adverse reactions in allergic patients
Answer: sulfa
Flashcard 1692: _____ is the maximal effect a drug can produce
Answer: Efficacy
Flashcard 1693: Do glucocorticoids cause an increase or decrease in eosinophils?_____
Answer: Decrease
Flashcard 1694: Loperamide and diphenoxylate are -opioid agonists that can be used as anti-_____
Answer: diarrheals
Flashcard 1695: Treatment of a patent ductus arteriosus involves _____, which decreases PGE, resulting in PDA closure
Answer: indomethacin
Flashcard 1696: Digoxin is _____ in patients with significant SA or AV block
Answer: contraindicated
Flashcard 1697: What is the effect of oral contraceptives on coagulability? _____
Answer: Increases coaguability
Flashcard 1698: In addition to -blockers, essential tremor may also be treated with _____
Answer: primidone (a barbiturate)
Flashcard 1699: Does buspirone cause sedation as an adverse effect? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1700: Ifosfamide can cause a generalized reabsorptive defect in the _____ tubule
Answer: proximal convoluted
Flashcard 1701: Carbidopa _____ the peripheral side effects of levodopa
Answer: decreases
Flashcard 1702: What congenital heart defect is associated with lithium exposure in utero? _____
Answer: Ebstein anomaly
Flashcard 1703: What phase of drug metabolism includes methylation, glucuronidation, acetylation, and sulfation (i.e. conjugation)? _____
Answer: Phase II
Flashcard 1704: Colchicine is used to treat _____ gout
Answer: acute (acute or chronic?)
Flashcard 1705: Do direct thrombin inhibitors require lab monitoring?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1706: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) _____, a class III antiarrhythmic, has many neurologic side effects (e.g. tremor, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, sleep disturbances)
Answer: Amiodarone
Flashcard 1707: What is the effect of M2 muscarinic agonists on heart rate? _____
Answer: Decreased HR (SA node)
Flashcard 1708: One adverse effect associated with adenosine is cutaneous _____
Answer: flushing
Flashcard 1709: Propofol causes profound vaso-_____ of arteries and veins
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 1710: Is eszoplicone (nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic) useful for sleep onset or sleep maintenance? _____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 1711: _____ is a barbiturate that can be used for induction of anesthesia
Answer: thiopental
Flashcard 1712: What drug class does propafenone belong to? _____
Answer: Class IC antiarrhythmics
Flashcard 1713: Decreased cAMP as a result of class II antiarrhythmics (-blockers) leads to the closure of membrane _____ channels
Answer: Ca2+
Flashcard 1714: Inhaled anesthetics can cause _____ cerebral blood flow
Answer: increased
Flashcard 1715: Phase _____ of clinical trials confirms efficacy compared to the standard of care, as well as adverse effects
Answer: III
Flashcard 1716: Cocaine and amphetamine intoxication cause pupillary _____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 1717: Alprostadil, Dinoprost and Misoprostal are analogues of _____
Answer: PGE1
Flashcard 1718: Labetalol causes vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 1719: Which thioamide is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy?_____
Answer: Methimazole, so need to use PTU
Flashcard 1720: How do sulfonylurea drugs (e.g. tolbutamide, glyburde) cause an increased insulin secretion?_____
Answer: By closing the ATP-dependent K+ channels, causing depolarization and subsequent insulin release
Flashcard 1721: Class III antiarrhythmics can restore and maintain normal sinus rhythm in _____ fibrillation and flutter
Answer: atrial
Flashcard 1722: Oral bisphosphonates may cause _____ side effects
Answer: upper GI
Flashcard 1723: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine _____ is a T4 hormone analog used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema
Answer: Levothyroxine
Flashcard 1724: Which form(s) of cyclooxygenase synthesize prostaglandins that increase pain sensitivity? _____
Answer: COX-2
Flashcard 1725: Gastroesophageal Refund_____ are effective at reducing both nocturnal and meal-stimulated secretion of acid and thus suppress H+ secretion to a greater extent than H2 receptor blockers
Answer: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Flashcard 1726: P-glycoprotein is found in the capillary endothelium of the _____ barrier
Answer: blood brain
Flashcard 1727: Which class of diuretics are the most effective? _____
Answer: Loop diuretics
Flashcard 1728: What drug class do amitriptyline and nortriptyline belong to?_____
Answer: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Flashcard 1729: Octreotide may cause _____ side effects
Answer: GI
Flashcard 1730: What adverse effect may -vaptans (tolvaptan, conivaptan) have on sodium levels?_____
Answer: Hypernatremia
Flashcard 1731: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are examples of glitazones, also known as _____
Answer: thiazolidinediones
Flashcard 1732: EC50 of a drug is indicative of _____ (potency or efficacy)
Answer: potency
Flashcard 1733: What class of drugs may bind to and inhibit complex I of the ETC?_____
Answer: Barbiturates
Flashcard 1734: Acetazolamide primarily prevents reabsorption of _____
Answer: HCO3-
Flashcard 1735: Inhaled anesthetics with _____ arteriovenous gradient have a slower onset of action
Answer: higher
Flashcard 1736: Exogenous ADH is useful in the management of _____ bleeding by reducing portal hypertension (via action on V1 receptors)
Answer: esophageal variceal
Flashcard 1737: What class of autonomic drugs are contraindicated in cocaine toxicity? _____
Answer: -blockers
Flashcard 1738: _____ is a thioamide that is NOT contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Flashcard 1739: Selegiline and rasagiline may _____ the adverse effects of levodopa
Answer: exacerbate
Flashcard 1740: Tetrodotoxin binds fast voltage-gated _____ channels in cardiac/nerve tissue, preventing depolarization
Answer: Na+
Flashcard 1741: Neuro/Psych_____ is a long-acting partial -opioid agonist used to attenuate opioid withdrawal symptoms
Answer: Buprenorphine
Flashcard 1742: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Which Ca2+ channel blockers (2) have the most potent effects on vascular smooth muscle? _____
Answer: Amlodipine, Nifedipine
Flashcard 1743: Amiodarone can cause _____ as a result of its class II antiarrhythmic activity
Answer: heart block
Flashcard 1744: One adverse effect associated with Ca2+ channel blockers (e.g. verapamil) is _____ hyperplasia
Answer: gingival
Flashcard 1745: What drug class does rivaroxaban and apixaban belong to?_____
Answer: Direct Xa inhibitors
Flashcard 1746: Are the effects of direct factor Xa inhibitors easily reversible?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1747: _____ is the amount of drug needed for a given effect
Answer: Potency
Flashcard 1748: Are class III antiarrhythmics used to treat supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias?_____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 1749: What effect does ezetimibe have on LDL levels?_____
Answer: Moderately Decreased
Flashcard 1750: Activation of the _____ histamine receptor may cause pain, pruritus, and vasodilation
Answer: H1
Flashcard 1751: _____ occurs when a patient being given high dose potassium iodide (Lugol's solution) develops thyrotoxicosis as an adverse effect.
Answer: Jod-Basedow phenomenon
Flashcard 1752: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics ( blockers) -blockers may have _____ adverse effects, including seizures, sedation, and sleep alterations
Answer: CNS
Flashcard 1753: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with carbamazepine? _____
Answer: Partial and tonic-clonic
Flashcard 1754: Which two anti-emetics can cause torsades as a possible side effect?_____
Answer: Ondansetron and metoclopramide
Flashcard 1755: Breast cancer that has Her2/neu amplification is associated with good response to _____
Answer: trastuzumab (herceptin)
Flashcard 1756: What GI side effect may be caused by ranolazine? _____
Answer: Constipation
Flashcard 1757: Spironolactone may cause impotence and decreased _____ as adverse effects
Answer: libido
Flashcard 1758: How is Warfarin transported in the blood?_____
Answer: Bound to albumin
Flashcard 1759: What drug intoxication presents as pupillary dilation, grandiosity, vasospasm, and paranoia that lasts for less than one hour? _____
Answer: Cocaine
Flashcard 1760: What is the mechanism of action of flutamide? _____
Answer: Androgen receptor antagonist (competitive inhibitor)
Flashcard 1761: Phenylephrine may be used to treat _____-tension
Answer: hypo
Flashcard 1762: Are 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists associated with drowsiness? _____
Answer: Yes (cross BBB and have central effects)
Flashcard 1763: What drug class does flecainide belong to? _____
Answer: Class IC antiarrhythmics
Flashcard 1764: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on blood peripheral eosinophil levels?_____
Answer: Decreased (reduced)
Flashcard 1765: What drug class do halothane, enflurane, methoxyflurane belong to?_____
Answer: Inhaled anesthetics
Flashcard 1766: Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic, can cause hypersensitivity _____
Answer: hepatitis
Flashcard 1767: Which two drugs are useful in the acute treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy? _____
Answer: Bisphosphonates and calcitonin
Flashcard 1768: Neuro/Psych _____ is a barbiturate that may be used as an IV anesthetic
Answer: Thiopental
Flashcard 1769: ADP receptor (P2Y12) inhibitors (e.g. clopidogrel) prevent expression of _____ receptors on the platelet surface
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa
Flashcard 1770: Is the incidence of torsades de pointes with amiodarone higher or lower than other drugs that prolong the QT?_____
Answer: Much lower
Flashcard 1771: What drug class do vardenafil, tadalafil, and sildenafil belong to?_____
Answer: PDE-5 inhibitors
Flashcard 1772: Acetazolamide is useful in the treatment and prevention of acute _____ sickness
Answer: altitude
Flashcard 1773: What drug class does cilostazol belong to?_____
Answer: antiplatelet PDE-3 inhibitor
Flashcard 1774: Which serotonin receptor is antagonized by many atypical antipsychotics?_____
Answer: 5-HT2A
Flashcard 1775: Carcinoid syndrome may be treated with surgical resection or with a _____ analog
Answer: somatostatin
Flashcard 1776: What hormone analog may be used to treat VIPoma and carcinoid syndrome?_____
Answer: Octreotide (somatostatin analog)
Flashcard 1777: Is acetaminophen useful as an anti-inflammatory agent?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1778: Which antiarrhythmic can be used to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria?_____
Answer: Quinidine
Flashcard 1779: What drug class does vortioxetine belong to?_____
Answer: Atypical antidepressants
Flashcard 1780: Which anti-emetic(s) should be used to treat a patient with nausea/vomiting due to GI irritation? _____
Answer: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as ondansetron
Flashcard 1781: IV _____ can be used for direct thrombolysis of severe PE and DVT
Answer: thrombolytics
Flashcard 1782: Prostacyclin (PGI2) is synthesized by COX-_____
Answer: 2
Flashcard 1783: Neuro/Psych_____ administration of benzodiazepines, is useful for management of alcohol withdrawal, seizures, and anesthesia
Answer: IV
Flashcard 1784: Estrogen analogs induce a _____-coaguable state
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 1785: What type of -blocker is esmolol? _____
Answer: Selective 1 antagonist (cardioselective)
Flashcard 1786: What drug class does argatroban and dabigatran belong to?_____
Answer: Direct thrombin inhibitors
Flashcard 1787: What adverse effect may be caused by aspirin administration to a child with a viral infection? _____
Answer: Reye's syndrome
Flashcard 1788: Cyclosporine can cause a _____ Renal Tubular Acidosis
Answer: Type 4
Flashcard 1789: What suffix is associated with small molecule kinase inhibitors?_____
Answer: -nib
Flashcard 1790: What GI side effect is associated with ezetimibe? _____
Answer: Diarrhea/steatorrhea
Flashcard 1791: Thrombolytics are contraindicated in patients with severe _____ (BP)
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 1792: Which 2 agonist may cause a direct Coombs (+) hemolysis as an adverse effect?_____
Answer: -methyldopa
Flashcard 1793: Which drug withdrawal is associated with nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea? _____
Answer: Opioid withdrawal
Flashcard 1794: Glucocorticoids are useful for treating _____ disorders (e.g. gout, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, IBD)
Answer: inflammatory
Flashcard 1795: What type of diabetes is associated with lithium use? _____
Answer: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Flashcard 1796: Metoclopramide may cause elevated _____ levels, which can cause galactorrhea, impotence, gynecomastia, and menstrual disorders
Answer: prolactin
Flashcard 1797: Are MAO inhibitors reversible or irreversible?_____
Answer: Irreversible
Flashcard 1798: What drug class does phenelzine belong to?_____
Answer: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Flashcard 1799: What should be given to a patient who is allergic to ester local anesthetics (e.g. procaine)?_____
Answer: Amide anesthetics (e.g. lidocaine)
Flashcard 1800: St. John's wort is an _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inducer
Flashcard 1801: Combined contraceptives are contraindicated in patients > 35 years old who _____
Answer: smoke
Flashcard 1802: What drug can manage hyperuricemia in tumor lysis syndrome?_____
Answer: Allopurinol
Flashcard 1803: Patients with renal insufficiency can be given _____ to correct their hypocalcemia
Answer: Calcitriol
Flashcard 1804: Acarbose and miglitol are examples of _____ inhibitors
Answer: alpha-glucosidase
Flashcard 1805: Desmopressin may be used to treat night _____
Answer: enuresis (bed wetting)
Flashcard 1806: What drug class do anastrozole and letrozole belong to?_____
Answer: Aromatase inhibitors
Flashcard 1807: What coagulation factors (6) are inhibited by antithrombin? _____
Answer: 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
Flashcard 1808: What drug class does aripiprazole belong to?_____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation)
Flashcard 1809: Fentanyl and morphine are opioid agonists that may be used for _____ relief
Answer: pain
Flashcard 1810: Which sex steroid is used to stimulate anabolism to promote recovery after burn or injury? _____
Answer: Testosterone
Flashcard 1811: What is the route of administration of theophylline (asthma therapy)?_____
Answer: Oral administration
Flashcard 1812: Cladribine is primarily indicated for _____ Leukemia
Answer: Hairy Cell
Flashcard 1813: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with topiramate? _____
Answer: Partial and tonic-clonic
Flashcard 1814: Which loop diuretic is more ototoxic, furosemide or ethacrynic acid?_____
Answer: Ethacrynic acid
Flashcard 1815: Theophylline blocks the actions of _____ (local metabolite)
Answer: adenosine
Flashcard 1816: -blockers are a first line treatment for essential _____
Answer: tremor
Flashcard 1817: What drug class does cetirizine belong to?_____
Answer: 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists
Flashcard 1818: What GI side effect may be caused by opioid agonists?_____
Answer: Constipation
Flashcard 1819: What type of drug interaction is the effect of substance A and B together is greater than the sum of their individual products?_____
Answer: Synergistic (e.g. clopidogrel with aspirin)
Flashcard 1820: Patients on _____ should avoid nitrate therapy for 24 hours
Answer: PDE-5 inhibitors
Flashcard 1821: NSAIDs can cause _____ nephritis as an adverse effect
Answer: acute interstitial
Flashcard 1822: The mechanism of action of laxatives is via a change in the _____
Answer: consistency of feces
Flashcard 1823: First Aid Pharmacology: Does suvorexant have addictive potential?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1824: What class of drugs directly inhibit the Na+-K+ ATPase pump?_____
Answer: Cardiac glycosides (e.g. digoxin)
Flashcard 1825: Which NSAID at high doses prevents uric acid reabsorption?_____
Answer: Aspirin
Flashcard 1826: Magnesium hydroxide and magnesium citrate are both examples of _____ laxatives
Answer: osmotic
Flashcard 1827: What drug intoxication presents as conjunctival injection, tachycardia, increased appetite, paranoid delusions, and dry mouth? _____
Answer: Marijuana
Flashcard 1828: The nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics bind to the same GABAA receptor allosteric site as _____
Answer: benzodiazepines (BZ1 subtype)
Flashcard 1829: Cardiovascular (Nitrates) _____ administration of nitroglycerine avoids first pass metabolism, which is useful for immediate relief of angina
Answer: Sublingual
Flashcard 1830: What anti-neoplastic agent is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy? _____
Answer: Doxorubicin
Flashcard 1831: Metastasis of carcinoid tumor to the liver allows serotonin to bypass _____ metabolism and enter systemic circulation
Answer: first-pass
Flashcard 1832: Epinephrine causes _____ systolic pressure
Answer: increased
Flashcard 1833: Do ADP receptor inhibitors reduce risk of future cardiovascular events? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 1834: What effect do class IA antiarrhythmics have on action potential duration? _____
Answer: Increased duration
Flashcard 1835: What adverse effects (2) on the heart are associated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy (e.g. levothyroxine and triiodothyronine)?_____
Answer: tachycardia, arrhythmias
Flashcard 1836: Amantadine increases dopamine synthesis and _____
Answer: release
Flashcard 1837: Treatment of acute coronary syndromes (e.g. unstable angina, STEMI, NSTEMI) often includes antiplatelet therapy such as _____
Answer: aspirin
Flashcard 1838: Norepinephrine may be used to treat _____-tension
Answer: hypo
Flashcard 1839: Acute lithium toxicity presents with _____ symptoms
Answer: GI
Flashcard 1840: _____ is a mood stabilizer associated with develpment of hypothyroidism.
Answer: Lithium
Flashcard 1841: Cyclophosphamide has a potent _____ effect; hence it can be used for a variety of autoimmune conditions
Answer: immunosuppressive
Flashcard 1842: Leukotriene _____ is the most potent bronchoconstrictor
Answer: D4
Flashcard 1843: What is the relative volume of distribution (Vd) of a large/charged molecule? _____
Answer: Low
Flashcard 1844: What effect may acetazolamide have on serum K+ levels?_____
Answer: Decreased (hypokalemia)
Flashcard 1845: Valproic acid is useful in the management of juvenile _____
Answer: myoclonic epilepsy
Flashcard 1846: Which form(s) of cyclooxygenase synthesize prostaglandins that induce fever? _____
Answer: COX-2
Flashcard 1847: Nivolumab is an anti-checkpoint monoclonal antibody that binds to _____ on T cells.
Answer: PD-1
Flashcard 1848: What anti-tussive can increase risk for serotonin syndrome? _____
Answer: Dextromethorphan
Flashcard 1849: What adverse anti-androgenic effect may be caused by spironolactone use in males? _____
Answer: Gynecomastia
Flashcard 1850: Methylene Blue works for the treatment of methemoglobinemia by _____
Answer: reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+
Flashcard 1851: Thiazolidinediones can cause fluid retention and thus _____ as a possible side effect in the extremities
Answer: peripheral edema
Flashcard 1852: What drug class do doxepin and amoxapine belong to?_____
Answer: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Flashcard 1853: Class II antiarrhythmics (-blockers) may induce heart (AV) block, which manifests as a prolonged _____ on EKG
Answer: PR interval
Flashcard 1854: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics ( blockers) -blockers may mask the effects of _____
Answer: hypoglycemia
Flashcard 1855: Compared to heparin, LMWH and fondaparinux have _____ half-lives
Answer: longer
Flashcard 1856: What change in bowel movement is associated with opioid withdrawal? _____
Answer: Diarrhea
Flashcard 1857: Rectal and sublingual administration have such high bioavailability because drugs will _____
Answer: bypass portal circulation*
Flashcard 1858: What drug class do sertraline and fluvoxamine belong to?_____
Answer: SSRIs
Flashcard 1859: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on blood neutrophil levels?_____
Answer: Increased (neutrophilia) due to decreased WBC adhesion
Flashcard 1860: Which antacid is associated with constipation if overused?_____
Answer: Aluminum hydroxide
Flashcard 1861: Does the blue curve represent an inhaled anesthetic with a high or low blood solubility? _____
Answer: Low (quickly saturated, e.g. N2O)
Flashcard 1862: What adverse effect is associated with celecoxib use?_____
Answer: Increased risk of thrombosis
Flashcard 1863: What is the first clotting factor to be reduced when starting warfarin therapy?_____
Answer: Factor VII
Flashcard 1864: Metoprolol, propranolol, and esmolol are all examples of class _____ antiarrhythmics
Answer: II
Flashcard 1865: Acebutolol and pindolol are _____ in heart failure, MI, and angina
Answer: contraindicated
Flashcard 1866: What drug combination may be used for maintenance therapy following opioid detoxification? _____
Answer: Buprenorphine plus naloxone
Flashcard 1867: Dyslipidemia drugs _____ are the only lipid-lowering drugs consistently proven to reduce risk of atherosclerotic heart disease
Answer: Statins
Flashcard 1868: Diuretics _____ diuretics may be useful for attenuating bone loss in patients with osteoporosis
Answer: Thiazide
Flashcard 1869: What is the first step following acute TCA toxicity?_____
Answer: GI decontamination with activated charcoal
Flashcard 1870: Adverse effects of ranolazine include _____, headache, and nausea
Answer: dizziness
Flashcard 1871: Which gout drug inhibits purine analog breakdown, thus increasing the risk for drug toxicity?_____
Answer: Allopurinol (and febuxostat)
Flashcard 1872: Renal (Diuretics) _____, a K+ sparing diuretic, may be used to treat symptoms of androgen excess in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Answer: Spironolactone
Flashcard 1873: What class of anti-arrhythmic are -blockers? _____
Answer: Class II antiarrhythmics
Flashcard 1874: Propranolol is a -blocker that is useful for the treatment of _____ storm
Answer: thyroid
Flashcard 1875: Clomiphene is an partial agonist at _____ receptors in the hypothalamus
Answer: estrogen
Flashcard 1876: What is the effect of -blockers alone on ejection time?_____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 1877: Class II antiarrhythmics (-blockers) are useful in preventing _____ in atrial fibrillation and flutter ("rate control")
Answer: rapid ventricular response (RVR)
Flashcard 1878: What pharmokinetic term describes the theoretical volume occupied by total amount of drug in the body relative to its plasma concentration? _____
Answer: Volume of distribution (Vd)
Flashcard 1879: Phase _____ of clinical trials uses a small number of healthy volunteers or patients with disease of interest
Answer: I
Flashcard 1880: Pharmacology: Compared to barbiturates, benzodiazepines have _____ risk of respiratory depression and coma
Answer: less
Flashcard 1881: Codeine and dextromethorphan are opioid agonists that may be used as anti-_____
Answer: tussives
Flashcard 1882: SSRIs can cause sexual dysfunction, such as _____ and decreased libido
Answer: anorgasmia
Flashcard 1883: Bisphosphonates decrease the development and recruitment of _____ precursors
Answer: osteoclast
Flashcard 1884: Adverse effects associated with nitrates include _____ and syncope due to pooling of blood in veins
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Flashcard 1885: Bile acid resins indirectly cause _____ LDL receptor expression
Answer: increased
Flashcard 1886: Ivabradine can manifest visual side effects of _____
Answer: luminous phenomena
Flashcard 1887: What ADP receptor inhibitor is a reversible inhibitor_____
Answer: ticagrelor
Flashcard 1888: Carbamazepine is a _____ spectrum anti-epileptic
Answer: narrow
Flashcard 1889: Nonbenzodiazepines hypnotics can cause central _____, leading to increased risk of falls in the elderly
Answer: ataxia
Flashcard 1890: Peripheral conversion of levodopa may cause _____ distress
Answer: GI
Flashcard 1891: Does buspirone interact with alcohol? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1892: When patients who have been chronically taking PPIs withdraw from usage, they may experience rebound _____ hypersecretion
Answer: gastric acid
Flashcard 1893: Treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus includes hydration and _____, which is a thiazide diuretic
Answer: HCTZ
Flashcard 1894: What drug is contradindicated in children with viral illness?_____
Answer: Aspirin
Flashcard 1895: How does gastrin secretion change with chronic PPI use? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 1896: Gemcitabine can result in _____-suppression (-cytopenias)
Answer: myelo
Flashcard 1897: Warfarin anti-coagulation can be reversed with _____ (delayed effect)
Answer: vitamin K
Flashcard 1898: Compared to benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hynotics are _____ likely to cause dependence
Answer: less
Flashcard 1899: What effect does a competitive antagonist have on efficacy?_____
Answer: No change
Flashcard 1900: -blocker toxicity is treated with _____, saline, or atropine
Answer: glucagon
Flashcard 1901: What neurological adverse effect may be caused by acetazolamide?_____
Answer: Paresthesias
Flashcard 1902: What drug class do haloperidol and pimozide belong to?_____
Answer: Typical antipsychotics (1st generation)
Flashcard 1903: In addition to decreasing osteoclast activity, bisphosphonates also may induce osteoclast _____
Answer: apoptosis
Flashcard 1904: What drug class do glyburide, glimepiride, and glipizide belong to?_____
Answer: 2nd generation sulfonylureas
Flashcard 1905: Class IV antiarrhythmics (non-dihydropyridine CCBs) are specific for the L-type calcium channel receptors in the _____ (overall location in the body)
Answer: heart
Flashcard 1906: What is the mechanism of action of finasteride?_____
Answer: 5-reductase inhibitor
Flashcard 1907: Dobutamine causes _____ pulse pressure
Answer: increased
Flashcard 1908: Benzodiazepines are metabolized by the _____
Answer: liver
Flashcard 1909: At which site do SGLT2 inhibitors block reabsorption of glucose? _____
Answer: proximal tubule of the nephron
Flashcard 1910: What effect do loop diuretics have on serum Mg2+ levels? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypomagnesemia)
Flashcard 1911: Nusinersen is an antisense drug used to treat _____
Answer: Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Flashcard 1912: Side effects of danazol include weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, and masculinization (_____ effects)
Answer: androgenic
Flashcard 1913: What effect does theophylline have on levels of cAMP? _____
Answer: Increased cAMP
Flashcard 1914: Octreotide can cause _____ due to decreased pancreatic secretions and gallbladder contractility
Answer: steatorrhea
Flashcard 1915: Endocrine (diabetes) _____ has the shortest duration of action of the 2nd generation sulfonylureas and thus least risk of hypoglycemia
Answer: Glipizide
Flashcard 1916: Primidone is a barbiturate used to treat seizures and _____ tremor
Answer: essential
Flashcard 1917: What effect do bile acid resins have on LDL levels?_____
Answer: Moderately Decreased
Flashcard 1918: Dobutamine causes mild vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 1919: Is butorphanol overdose easily reversed with naloxone? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 1920: What is the effect of COX inhibition (e.g. aspirin) on production of leukotrienes? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 1921: Which gout drug can result in Stevens-Johnson syndrome?_____
Answer: Allopurinol
Flashcard 1922: Inhibition of COX-1 by NSAIDs leads to _____ bleeding time
Answer: increased
Flashcard 1923: Which antacid is associated with diarrhea if overused?_____
Answer: Magnesium hydroxide
Flashcard 1924: Benzodiazepines can cause _____ by downregulating GABAA receptors
Answer: tolerance
Flashcard 1925: PDE-5 inhibitors result in increased blood flow in the _____ of the penis
Answer: corpus cavernosum
Flashcard 1926: Atenolol, timolol, and carvedilol are all examples of class _____ antiarrhythmics
Answer: II
Flashcard 1927: What is a possible skin complication associated with propylthiouracil and methimazole?_____
Answer: Rash
Flashcard 1928: Phenytoin is a _____ spectrum anti-epileptic
Answer: narrow
Flashcard 1929: What drug class do furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide belong to?_____
Answer: Loop diuretics
Flashcard 1930: Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics exert their effects via binding to an allosteric site on the _____ receptor
Answer: GABAA
Flashcard 1931: Glucocorticoids inhibit production of inflammatory _____ by lipooxygenase
Answer: leukotrienes
Flashcard 1932: Triptans induce vaso-_____ of cerebral and meningeal vessels
Answer: constriction
Flashcard 1933: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) target voltage-gated _____-type calcium channels
Answer: L
Flashcard 1934: What effect does mannitol have on urine flow? _____
Answer: Increased urine flow (diuretic)
Flashcard 1935: Which class of anti-platelet drugs may cause facial flushing and abdominal pain as adverse effects?_____
Answer: PDE inhibitors (cilostazol, dipyridamole)
Flashcard 1936: Which serotonin receptor is inhibited by trazodone? _____
Answer: 5-HT2
Flashcard 1937: Which dyslipidemia drug is associated with hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia as possible adverse effects?_____
Answer: Niacin
Flashcard 1938: COX-2 synthesizes prostaglandins that _____ vascular permeability
Answer: increase
Flashcard 1939: Which vitamin supplement may be contraindicated during pregnancy due to its teratogenic effects? _____
Answer: Vitamin A (isotretinoin)
Flashcard 1940: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics ( drugs) -methyldopa may cause a direct Coombs test _____ hemolysis
Answer: (+)
Flashcard 1941: Are class IV antiarrhythmics used to treat supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias?_____
Answer: Supraventricular
Flashcard 1942: Allergic inflammation is mediated by histamine, which acts on the _____ histamine receptor
Answer: H1
Flashcard 1943: Ezetimibe indirectly causes _____ LDL receptor expression
Answer: increased
Flashcard 1944: One way Fibrates decrease serum triglycerides is by decreasing hepatic _____ secretion
Answer: VLDL
Flashcard 1945: One possible adverse effect of class II antiarrhythmics (-blockers) is _____ due to decreased conduction through the AV node
Answer: heart block
Flashcard 1946: What anti-arrhythmic agent may cause interstitial restrictive lung disease? _____
Answer: Amiodarone
Flashcard 1947: What is the clinical use for pentazocine?_____
Answer: Moderate to severe pain relief
Flashcard 1948: Colchicine can irritate the GI tract, resulting in _____
Answer: diarrhea
Flashcard 1949: What drug class do hydroxyzine, meclizine and promethazine belong to?_____
Answer: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists
Flashcard 1950: What morning sickness drug (no longer used) inadvertently prevents binding of homeodomain proteins to enhancers, thus causing limb abnormalities? _____
Answer: Thalidomide
Flashcard 1951: One adverse effect associated with acetazolamide is _____ (compound) toxicity
Answer: NH3
Flashcard 1952: Pramlintide (amylin analog) is used to control the _____ glucose spike
Answer: postprandial
Flashcard 1953: Histamine causes _____ of bronchial smooth muscle, especially in patients with asthma (H1 receptor activation)
Answer: constriction
Flashcard 1954: Acetazolamide causes urine _____ (pH)
Answer: alkalinization
Flashcard 1955: Renal clearance of lithium is reduced in patients taking _____ diuretics or other nephrotoxic agents (e.g. NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors)
Answer: thiazide
Flashcard 1956: Local anesthetics can cause CNS excitation, which may decrease the _____ threshold
Answer: seizure
Flashcard 1957: What adverse effect is associated with bosentan? _____
Answer: Hepatotoxicity (thus monitor LFTs)
Flashcard 1958: Atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab are checkpoint inhibitors that bind to _____ on tumor cells.
Answer: PD-L1
Flashcard 1959: What is the main adverse effect of anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)?_____
Answer: Cardiotoxicity (dilated cardiomyopathy)
Flashcard 1960: What vitamin can be prescribed for Alzheimers disease to slow functional losses?_____
Answer: Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Flashcard 1961: What adverse effect is common to all anticoagulants (heparin, direct thrombin inhibitors, direct Xa inhibitors, etc.) _____
Answer: Bleeding
Flashcard 1962: What drug class do asenapine, clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine belong to?_____
Answer: Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation)
Flashcard 1963: Binge-eating disorder may be treated with _____, which is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine.
Answer: lisdexamfetamine
Flashcard 1964: What adverse effect may desmopressin (DDAVP) have on sodium levels? _____
Answer: hyponatremia
Flashcard 1965: What drug class do imipramine, desipramine, and clomipramine belong to?_____
Answer: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Flashcard 1966: Inhaled anesthetics with higher solubility in blood have a _____ recovery
Answer: slower
Flashcard 1967: Nitrate-induced hypotension may cause reflex _____
Answer: tachycardia
Flashcard 1968: Treatment of narcolepsy involves nighttime _____
Answer: sodium oxybate (GHB)
Flashcard 1969: What anti-emetic can increase risk for serotonin syndrome? _____
Answer: Ondansetron
Flashcard 1970: Indirect Sympathomimetics _____ inhibits VMAT, thus depleting neurotransmitter stores
Answer: Reserpine
Flashcard 1971: -blockers reduce cardiac remodeling by protecting the heart from excess circulating _____
Answer: catecholamines
Flashcard 1972: Statins can cause elevations in serum _____, which may be indicative of myopathy
Answer: CK
Flashcard 1973: Do local anesthetics cause hypo- or hypertension? _____
Answer: Can cause either
Flashcard 1974: In addition to Na+ channels, Class IA antiarrhythmics also block _____ channels
Answer: K+
Flashcard 1975: A patient taking _____ may have a CH2O = 0
Answer: loop diuretics
Flashcard 1976: SGLT2 inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with _____ insufficiency
Answer: renal
Flashcard 1977: Metoclopramide can cause _____ as a result of its prokinetic effects
Answer: diarrhea
Flashcard 1978: What type of renal tubular acidosis may be caused by acetazolamide? _____
Answer: Type 2 (Proximal)
Flashcard 1979: Phenylephrine causes _____ diastolic pressure
Answer: increased
Flashcard 1980: Class IC antiarrhythmics have a _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel
Answer: strong
Flashcard 1981: What type of local anesthetic are procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine? _____
Answer: Esters
Flashcard 1982: Nonbenzodiazepene hypnotics should not be combined with other _____ depressants
Answer: CNS
Flashcard 1983: GLP-1 agonists can cause _____ as a possible side effect, as well as nausea and vomiting
Answer: pancreatitis
Flashcard 1984: What is the mechanism of action of zileuton (asthma treatment)? _____
Answer: 5-lipooxygenase inhibitor
Flashcard 1985: Which drug can bind acrolein and prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide use?_____
Answer: MESNA (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate)
Flashcard 1986: Which form of anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin) decrease their risk of cardiotoxicity?_____
Answer: liposomal form
Flashcard 1987: Class I antiarrhythmics have _____ and thus selectively depress tissue that is frequently depolarized
Answer: state dependence
Flashcard 1988: Do MAO inhibitors typically inhibit MAO-A or MAO-B? _____
Answer: Both (non-selective)
Flashcard 1989: What is the primary effect of intermediate doses (300 - 2400mg/day) of aspirin? _____
Answer: Antipyretic and analgesic
Flashcard 1990: Endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia can arise as a side effect of the chemotherapeutic drug _____
Answer: tamoxifen
Flashcard 1991: What is the primary effect of high doses (> 2400mg/day) of aspirin? _____
Answer: Anti-inflammatory
Flashcard 1992: Inhaled anesthetics with _____ arteriovenous concentration gradient have a faster onset of action
Answer: lower
Flashcard 1993: What can result from aspirin use in children with a viral illness?_____
Answer: Reye syndrome
Flashcard 1994: Bevacizumab is an antitumor monoclonal antibody that targets _____
Answer: VEGF
Flashcard 1995: What does Ivabradine do to MvO2?_____
Answer: Decrease
Flashcard 1996: What drug class do prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin belong to? _____
Answer: Selective 1 antagonists ('-osins')
Flashcard 1997: What G protein is the H2 histamine receptor coupled to? _____
Answer: Gs
Flashcard 1998: Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, and Flurazepam are benzodiazepines that have _____ half-lives
Answer: long
Flashcard 1999: What drug class does abciximab belong to? _____
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor
Flashcard 2000: Low-dose _____ is commonly used to prevent ischemic stroke in patients with Transient ischemic attack
Answer: aspirin
Flashcard 2001: What drug class is associated with cataracts with prolonged use?_____
Answer: Corticosteroids
Flashcard 2002: Which gout drug can result in uric acid kidney stones?_____
Answer: Probenecid
Flashcard 2003: During phase II blockade using depolarizing NMJ blockers, TOF shows a _____ in each of the four responses
Answer: progressive reduction
Flashcard 2004: Which thyroid medications can cause agranulocytosis?_____
Answer: PTU and Methimazole
Flashcard 2005: What effect do class IC antiarrhythmics have on action potential duration?_____
Answer: No effect
Flashcard 2006: Non-specific symptoms of _____ intoxication (stimulant or depressant) include psychomotor agitation, tachycardia, arrhythmias and anxiety
Answer: stimulant
Flashcard 2007: What G protein is the H1 histamine receptor coupled to? _____
Answer: Gq
Flashcard 2008: An _____ dose of inhaled cortisteroids may be useful for treatment of moderate or severe persistent asthma
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2009: Hypothyroidism may be treated with _____
Answer: thyroid hormone replacement therapy (e.g. levothyroxine, triiodothyronine)
Flashcard 2010: Does ramelteon have addictive potential?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2011: Milrinone and inamrinone are _____ inhibitors used in the treatment of acute heart failure
Answer: PDE-3
Flashcard 2012: Which antacid is associated with hyporeflexia, hypotension and cardiac arrest if overused?_____
Answer: Magnesium hydroxide
Flashcard 2013: _____ are first line agents for the treatment of acute gout, as they inhibit the immune response to MSU deposition in the joint (along with NSAIDs and colchicine)
Answer: Glucocorticoids (ie: prednisone)
Flashcard 2014: Esophagitis may occur with medications such as _____, tetracyclines, NSAIDs, iron, and potassium chloride
Answer: bisphosphonates
Flashcard 2015: What effect do class IC antiarrhythmics have on the effective refractory period in the Purkinje and ventricular tissue?_____
Answer: No effect
Flashcard 2016: What is the cause of a hypercoaguable state in a patient on heparin therapy?_____
Answer: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Flashcard 2017: Metformin modulates enzyme function to decrease hepatic _____
Answer: gluconeogenesis
Flashcard 2018: Vitamin B3 (niacin) is used to treat _____
Answer: dyslipidemia
Flashcard 2019: Cocaine may induce coronary _____, which can cause myocardial ischemia and Prinzmetal angina
Answer: vasospasm
Flashcard 2020: What effect do loop diuretics have on serum Ca2+ levels? _____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 2021: The most common side effect of metformin is _____
Answer: GI upset (e.g. nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
Flashcard 2022: What effect do class III antiarrhythmics have on action potential duration?_____
Answer: Increased AP duration
Flashcard 2023: In treating beta blocker toxicity, IV saline is given to _____
Answer: restore blood pressure
Flashcard 2024: Patients taking sevelamer can develop hypophosphatemia and _____
Answer: GI upset (GI side effect)
Flashcard 2025: Adverse effects of suvorexant include CNS depression, headache, dizziness, abnormal dreams, and _____ infection
Answer: upper respiratory tract
Flashcard 2026: Pegloticase can result in what hematologic pathology?_____
Answer: Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency
Flashcard 2027: Hypoxia may be caused by _____ poisoning, which decreases the O2 content of blood
Answer: carbon monoxide
Flashcard 2028: Cholestatic DrugsUrsodiol must be monitored with LFT's as it increases the risk of _____
Answer: cirrhosis
Flashcard 2029: Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, is used for immediate anticoagulation? _____
Answer: Heparin
Flashcard 2030: Glucocorticoids may cause _____ as an adverse GI effect
Answer: peptic ulcers (specific)
Flashcard 2031: Do ADP receptor inhibitors reduce symptoms of claudication in peripheral artery disease? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2032: What D2 receptor antagonist is used to treat Huntington disease? _____
Answer: Haloperidol (typical antipsychotic)
Flashcard 2033: Cilostazol causes coronary artery vasodilation, which may result in _____ syndrome
Answer: coronary steal
Flashcard 2034: Regular insulin is characterized by _____ action and duration
Answer: short
Flashcard 2035: Which ENaC inhibitor increases calcium reabsorption?_____
Answer: Amiloride
Flashcard 2036: A common side effect of pramlintide, an amylin analog, is _____
Answer: GI upset (e.g. nausea, vomiting, anorexia)
Flashcard 2037: Which antacid is associated with hypophosphatemia and osteodystrophy if overused? _____
Answer: Aluminum hydroxide
Flashcard 2038: Busulfan can result in pulmonary fibrosis and ultimately _____ disease
Answer: restrictive lung
Flashcard 2039: Opioid analgesics are associated with CNS _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: depression
Flashcard 2040: Organic nitrates are metabolized and release _____
Answer: nitric oxide
Flashcard 2041: Which calcium channel blocker is used as a tocolytic?_____
Answer: Nifedipine
Flashcard 2042: What is the effect of class IV antiarrhythmics (non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers) on effective refractory period? _____
Answer: Increased ERP
Flashcard 2043: Bosentan antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, causing _____ pulmonary vascular resistance
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 2044: One factor that predisposes to digoxin toxicity is _____, which increases binding of digoxin to Na+-K+ ATPase
Answer: hypokalemia
Flashcard 2045: Bisphosphonates bind to _____ in bone, inhibiting osteoclast activity
Answer: hydroxyapatite
Flashcard 2046: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) _____ is a purine nucleoside with antiarrhythmic properties
Answer: Adenosine
Flashcard 2047: Are anti-1 effects more common with high or low potency typical antipsychotics? _____
Answer: Low potency
Flashcard 2048: Do barbiturates have addictive potential? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2049: Loop diuretics cause _____ hypertonicity of the renal medulla (increased or decreased)
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 2050: Warfarin can cause hemorrhage and abnormal _____ formation in utero
Answer: bone
Flashcard 2051: Flushing and warmth, secondary to niacin use, may be prevented with _____
Answer: NSAIDs
Flashcard 2052: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics cause _____ anti-cholinergic side effects
Answer: less
Flashcard 2053: What type of local anesthetic are lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine? _____
Answer: Amides
Flashcard 2054: Barbiturates have long durations of action and thus '_____ ' effects are more common
Answer: hangover
Flashcard 2055: SGLT2 inhibitors may cause dehydration, and consequently _____ due to osmotic diuresis
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Flashcard 2056: The Jod-Basedow phenomenon is seen nosocomially after administration of iodine _____
Answer: IV contrast
Flashcard 2057: Because the EGF receptor is expressed at the epidermis, Patients taking Erlotinib are at risk of _____ Syndrome
Answer: Stevens-Johnson
Flashcard 2058: Autonomics ( blockers) _____ -blockers are useful in the management of chronic heart failure
Answer: Cardioselective
Flashcard 2059: Senna is a _____ agent (stimulant) that acts via stimulation of the enteric nervous system and increased colonic secretions
Answer: cathartic
Flashcard 2060: Sulfonylureas and meglitinides have significant risk of causing _____ as a possible side effect
Answer: hypoglycemia
Flashcard 2061: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine _____ is a T3 hormone analog used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema
Answer: Triiodothyronine
Flashcard 2062: Which of the vinca alkaloids is more commonly associated with paralytic ileus?_____
Answer: Vincristine
Flashcard 2063: What is the relative volume of distribution (Vd) of a small lipophilic molecule, especially if it can bind to tissue protein? _____
Answer: High
Flashcard 2064: Which sympathomimetic is useful for cardiac stress testing? _____
Answer: Dobutamine
Flashcard 2065: Endocrine (diabetes) _____ are short-acting diabetic medications that act similarly to sulfonylureas (same MOA)
Answer: Meglitinides
Flashcard 2066: What is a serious complication of vaptans (e.g. tolvaptan, conivaptan) that may occur if SIADH-induced hyponatremia is corrected too quickly? _____
Answer: Central pontine myelinolysis (osmotic demyelination syndrome)
Flashcard 2067: The most serious side effect of metformin is _____
Answer: lactic acidosis
Flashcard 2068: Methadone and buprenorphine are useful for opioid detoxication due to their _____ half lives
Answer: long
Flashcard 2069: What adverse effect is associated with cinacalcet? _____
Answer: Hypocalcemia (due to decreased PTH)
Flashcard 2070: What is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia? _____
Answer: Carbamazepine
Flashcard 2071: The inhaled anesthetic _____ is associated with expansion of trapped gas in a body cavity as an adverse effect
Answer: N2O
Flashcard 2072: Does chronic barbiturate use lead to tolerance? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2073: Is ketamine used for the induction or maintenance of anesthesia?_____
Answer: Induction
Flashcard 2074: What drug intoxication presents as emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, and blackouts? _____
Answer: Alcohol
Flashcard 2075: Which NSAID has reduced risk of ulcers and bleeding? _____
Answer: Celecoxib
Flashcard 2076: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody targets vascular endothelial growth factor?_____
Answer: bevacizumab
Flashcard 2077: First Aid Pharmacology: Blood & Inflammation What effect do bile acid resins have on HDL levels?_____
Answer: Slightly increased
Flashcard 2078: What toxin is found in reef fish (e.g. Barracuda, snapper, and moray eel)?_____
Answer: Ciguatoxin
Flashcard 2079: Metoclopramide (D2 antagonist) is contraindicated in patients with _____
Answer: small bowel obstruction
Flashcard 2080: What effect do class IA antiarrhythmics have on the effective refractory period in the ventricular tissue?_____
Answer: Increased ERP
Flashcard 2081: Which opioid receptor does dynorphin bind to? _____
Answer: -opioid receptor
Flashcard 2082: One adverse effect associated with dihydropyridine CCBs is _____, secondary to dilation of pre-capillary vessels
Answer: peripheral edema
Flashcard 2083: A patient receiving bevacizumab that develops abdominal pain may have a _____
Answer: GI perforation
Flashcard 2084: Glucocorticoids inhibit _____, which is a transcription factor that regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-2, TNF-alpha)
Answer: NF-kB
Flashcard 2085: Patients taking Basiliximab can experience side effects of _____, hypertension, and tremor
Answer: edema
Flashcard 2086: Which nerve fibers (size, myelination) are affected first by local anesthetics (in theory)? _____
Answer: Small, unmyelinated fibers
Flashcard 2087: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with vigabatrin and tiagabine? _____
Answer: Partial
Flashcard 2088: What sympathomimetic is used to treat cardiogenic shock? _____
Answer: Dobutamine
Flashcard 2089: Sacubitril is a _____ inhibitor
Answer: neprilysin
Flashcard 2090: Abciximab is a monoclonal antibody against the platelet _____ cell surface receptor
Answer: GpIIb/IIIa
Flashcard 2091: Flumazenil can precipate _____ by causing acute benzodiazepine withdrawal
Answer: seizures
Flashcard 2092: Busulfan is associated with _____ toxicity (organ)
Answer: lung
Flashcard 2093: Cardiovascular What is the effect of nitrates and -blockers on myocardial O2 consumption?_____
Answer: Very decreased
Flashcard 2094: What drug class does fexofenadine belong to? _____
Answer: 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonist
Flashcard 2095: _____ is a long-acting opioid antagonist used for relapse prevention once detoxified from opiates
Answer: Naltrexone
Flashcard 2096: Class IV antiarrhythmics may prolong the _____ on EKG
Answer: PR interval
Flashcard 2097: What effect may loop diuretics have on serum K+ levels?_____
Answer: Decreased (hypokalemia)
Flashcard 2098: What drug class does mexiletine belong to? _____
Answer: Class IB antiarrhythmics
Flashcard 2099: Buprenorphine, and butorphanol are -opioid _____
Answer: partial agonists
Flashcard 2100: Short-acting benzodiazepines have a _____ potential for addiction than long-acting
Answer: higher
Flashcard 2101: Febuxostat is a treatment for chronic gout, as it inhibits _____
Answer: xanthine oxidase
Flashcard 2102: What toxin is found in pufferfish?_____
Answer: Tetrodotoxin
Flashcard 2103: Raloxifene is primarily used to treat and prevent post-menopausal _____
Answer: osteoporosis
Flashcard 2104: What is the pharmaceutical form of marijuana? _____
Answer: Dronabinol
Flashcard 2105: Class I_____ antiarrhythmics may be used to treat Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, a type of SVT
Answer: A
Flashcard 2106: What non-selective -blocker may be used in the treatment of CHF? _____
Answer: Carvedilol
Flashcard 2107: What effect does a competitive antagonist have on potency?_____
Answer: Decrease (curve shifts right)
Flashcard 2108: What class of drugs acts via suppression of NF-kB signaling? _____
Answer: glucocorticoids
Flashcard 2109: Fibrates increase risk of _____ and thus should be used with caution in patients with biliary tract disease
Answer: cholesterol gallstones
Flashcard 2110: Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, is used for chronic anticoagulation? _____
Answer: Warfarin
Flashcard 2111: Cholestatic DrugsUrsodiol primarily works to break up gallstones by increasing the threshold of cholesterol needed to _____ bile salts
Answer: saturate
Flashcard 2112: _____ deficiency decreases the protective effect of heparin-like molecules produced by the endothelium
Answer: ATIII
Flashcard 2113: Which NSAID is most associated with aplastic anemia?_____
Answer: Indomethacin
Flashcard 2114: Are NSAIDs useful as antipyretics and analgesics?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2115: What effect do statins have on triglyceride levels?_____
Answer: Mild decrease
Flashcard 2116: Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) may be used in the prevention or dissolution of _____
Answer: gallstones
Flashcard 2117: What two drug classes are associated with methemoglobinemia? _____
Answer: Nitrates (and nitrites) & Sulfa drugs
Flashcard 2118: What effect do low doses of dopamine have on renal afferent and efferent arterioles (dilation or constriction)?_____
Answer: Dilation
Flashcard 2119: Misoprostol can be used to prevent NSAID-induced _____
Answer: peptic ulcers
Flashcard 2120: What anti-psychotic drug is a common cause of drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?_____
Answer: Lithium
Flashcard 2121: Magnesium may be used as an antiarrhythmic to treat _____ toxicity
Answer: digoxin
Flashcard 2122: Opioid agonists (e.g. loperamide) increase colonic phasic _____ contractions, causing increased colonic transit time
Answer: segmentation
Flashcard 2123: Autonomics ( blockers) -blockers _____ cardiac contractility
Answer: decrease
Flashcard 2124: What drug class does quinidine belong to? _____
Answer: Class IA antiarrhythmics
Flashcard 2125: Dronabinol (medical marijuana) is used clinically as an _____ for chemotherapy
Answer: antiemetic
Flashcard 2126: Ketamine (an arylcyclohexylamine) is a PCP analog that causes '_____ anesthesia'
Answer: dissociative
Flashcard 2127: Class IV antiarrhythmics are useful in the treatment of _____ fibrillation (and flutter)
Answer: atrial
Flashcard 2128: Treatment of uric acid kidney stones may include _____, especially in patients with gout
Answer: allopurinol
Flashcard 2129: Valproic acid can cause neurologic side effects, such as _____
Answer: tremor
Flashcard 2130: Neuro/Psych _____ is a benzodiazepine that may be used as an IV anesthetic
Answer: Midazolam
Flashcard 2131: What drugs (2) may be used to treat microscopic polyangiitis? _____
Answer: cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
Flashcard 2132: In infected (acidic) tissue, _____ local anesthetics are required to achieve the desired effect
Answer: more
Flashcard 2133: Which chronic gout drug can result in degmacytes (bite cells) on peripheral blood smear?_____
Answer: Pegloticase
Flashcard 2134: Local anesthetics are often used for minor surgical procedures and _____ anesthesia
Answer: spinal
Flashcard 2135: Is codeine by itself bioactive?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2136: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an example of an inhaled anesthetic with _____ lipid and blood solubility
Answer: low
Flashcard 2137: Suvorexant is contraindicated in patients with _____
Answer: narcolepsy
Flashcard 2138: What hormone analog may be used to treat insulinoma, glucagonoma, and gastrinoma? _____
Answer: Octreotide (somatostatin analog)
Flashcard 2139: Can PDE inhibitors reduce symptoms of claudication in peripheral artery disease? _____
Answer: Yes (e.g. cilostazol)
Flashcard 2140: Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, may be used in the setting of an acute MI? _____
Answer: Heparin
Flashcard 2141: Adenosine may cause transient high grade _____ due to direct AV node inhibition
Answer: heart block
Flashcard 2142: Which classes of diuretics (2) are characterized by increased urine K+? _____
Answer: Loop and thiazide diuretics
Flashcard 2143: What calcium channel blocker may be combined with nitrates, producing similar effects to -blockers?_____
Answer: Verapamil
Flashcard 2144: 1 selective antagonists primarily suppress adrenergic stimulation of the _____
Answer: heart (cardioselective)
Flashcard 2145: What drug class do gemfibrozil and fenofibrate belong to? _____
Answer: Fibrates
Flashcard 2146: Class I antiarrhythmics exert their actions by blocking _____ channels
Answer: Na+
Flashcard 2147: Sunitinib and sorafenib are associated with an increased risk of _____
Answer: hemorrhage and hyperpigmentation
Flashcard 2148: In high doses, _____ may act as an uncoupling agent of oxidative phosphorylation
Answer: aspirin
Flashcard 2149: Leuprolide is a GnRH analog with _____ properties when used in a continuous fashion
Answer: antagonist
Flashcard 2150: Do 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists cross the blood-brain-barrier? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2151: Cholestatic DrugsUrsodiol primarily works in Primary Biliary Cholangitis by protecting hepatocytes against _____
Answer: apoptosis
Flashcard 2152: Inhaled anesthetics can cause respiratory _____ (stimulation or depression)
Answer: depression
Flashcard 2153: Mannitol may be used to treat _____ intracranial and/or intraocular pressure
Answer: elevated
Flashcard 2154: Which mood stabilizer is associated with ebstein anomaly in newborns? _____
Answer: Lithium
Flashcard 2155: PDE-5 inhibitors may cause life-threatening _____ in patients taking nitrates
Answer: hypotension
Flashcard 2156: Topiramate is a _____ spectrum anti-epileptic
Answer: broad
Flashcard 2157: What teratogenic effect is associated with maternal lithium use? _____
Answer: Ebstein anomaly
Flashcard 2158: What serious adverse effect may be caused by vigabatrin use? _____
Answer: Permanent vision loss (black box warning)
Flashcard 2159: Adverse effects of 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists may be more common and more severe in _____ patients
Answer: elderly
Flashcard 2160: What is the effect of corticosteroids on eosinophil levels? _____
Answer: Decreased (eosinopenia)
Flashcard 2161: Would a small, unmyelinated or large, myelinated fiber be affected first by local anesthetics? _____
Answer: Small, unmyelinated
Flashcard 2162: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics are _____ likely to cause metabolic syndrome
Answer: more
Flashcard 2163: Desmopressin (DDAVP) has high specificity for the ADH-activated _____ receptor
Answer: V2
Flashcard 2164: Typical antipsychotics result in increased _____ (second messenger)
Answer: cAMP
Flashcard 2165: Opioid analgesics may cause significant dose-dependent respiratory _____ (depression or stimulation)
Answer: depression
Flashcard 2166: Which two inhaled anaesthetics are preferred in patients with asthma?_____
Answer: Halothane and sevoflurane
Flashcard 2167: Ranolazine inhibits the late phase of _____ current, thereby reducing diastolic wall tension and O2 consumption
Answer: Na+
Flashcard 2168: What non-volatile acid may be elevated with aspirin overdose? _____
Answer: Salicylic acid
Flashcard 2169: Do most NSAIDs inhibit COX-1 or COX-2?_____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 2170: Amylin analogues (e.g. pramlintide) cause _____ gastric emptying
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 2171: Sodium Bicarbonate is used to treat drug overdoses that are caused by drugs that are weak _____
Answer: acids
Flashcard 2172: Which anticoagulant, warfarin or heparin, has a slow onset of action (days)? _____
Answer: Warfarin
Flashcard 2173: What is an adverse effect common to all antacids?_____
Answer: Hypokalemia
Flashcard 2174: The facial flushing seen with vitamin B3 excess is mediated by _____
Answer: prostaglandins
Flashcard 2175: Sirolimus and cyclosporine are _____ when given with each other
Answer: synergistic (pharmacological property)
Flashcard 2176: Which prostaglandin mediates pain and fever? _____
Answer: PGE2
Flashcard 2177: Allopurinol can result in _____-philia
Answer: eosino
Flashcard 2178: Loop diuretics may cause _____-calcemia as an adverse effect
Answer: hypo
Flashcard 2179: Which kinase inhibitor can be used to treat non-small cell lung cancer due to EGFR overexpression?_____
Answer: Erlotinib
Flashcard 2180: benzodiazepines (e.g. midazolam) may be used to create a state of _____ for minor procedures and surgeries (e.g. colonoscopy, endoscopy)
Answer: conscious sedation
Flashcard 2181: Glulisine, aspart, and lispro (rapid acting insulin) are useful for controlling the _____ glucose spike
Answer: postprandial
Flashcard 2182: Dronabinol (medical marijuana) is used clinically as an _____ for AIDS patients
Answer: appetite stimulant
Flashcard 2183: What is the primary effect of low doses (< 300mg/day) of aspirin? _____
Answer: Decreased platelet aggregation
Flashcard 2184: Amylin analogues (e.g. pramlintide) decrease _____ secretion
Answer: glucagon
Flashcard 2185: Is the heart failure associated with Trastuzumab reversible with treatment discontinuation?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2186: Side effects of metoclopramide include extrapyramidal effects such as dystonia, akathisia, and _____ features as a result of central D2 blockade
Answer: parkinsonian
Flashcard 2187: Which gout drug binds tubulin and inhibits intracellular microtubule polymerization?_____
Answer: Colchicine
Flashcard 2188: What osteoporosis drug has side effects that include acid reflux, esophagitis, and esophageal ulcers?_____
Answer: Bisphosphonates (oral)
Flashcard 2189: What is the treatment of choice for a pregnant women with hyperthyroidism in the first trimester?_____
Answer: propylthiouracil (PTU)
Flashcard 2190: Patients on sulfonylureas are at increased risk of hypoglycemia if they have _____ failure
Answer: renal
Flashcard 2191: At higher doses, dopamine acts as a vaso-_____ of renal arterioles
Answer: constrictor
Flashcard 2192: What is a possible skin complication associated with fludrocortisone?_____
Answer: Hyperpigmentation
Flashcard 2193: Do most NSAIDs reversibly or irreversibly inhibit COX-1 and COX-2?_____
Answer: Reversibly (except aspirin)
Flashcard 2194: Because the skin has abundant EGFR, patients undergoing Cetuximab treatment can experience a _____ rash
Answer: Papulopustular acneiform
Flashcard 2195: Is bupropion associated with sexual side-effects?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2196: Theophylline can cause _____ (HR)
Answer: tachycardia
Flashcard 2197: Triptans may cause mild _____ (neurologic complication)
Answer: paresthesias
Flashcard 2198: In general, prostaglandins cause vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 2199: Mycophenolate mofetil is associated with _____glycemia
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 2200: Which chronic gout drug must be administered IV?_____
Answer: Pegloticase
Flashcard 2201: Is thiopental used for the induction or maintenance of anesthesia?_____
Answer: Induction
Flashcard 2202: Theophylline causes broncho-_____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 2203: What type of drug interaction is the presence of A is required for the full effects of substance B?_____
Answer: Permissive (e.g. cortisol on catecholamine responsiveness)
Flashcard 2204: Autonomics ( drugs)-receptor antagonists may cause reflex _____ (HR) as an adverse effect
Answer: tachycardia
Flashcard 2205: Class III antiarrhythmics may be used to treat _____ fibrillation (and flutter)
Answer: atrial
Flashcard 2206: Neuro/Psych_____ is a -opioid antagonist that helps maintain abstinence in opioid addicts once detoxified
Answer: Naltrexone
Flashcard 2207: What effect do class IC antiarrhythmics have on the effective refractory period in the AV node and accessory bypass tracts?_____
Answer: Significant prolongation of ERP
Flashcard 2208: Benzodiazepines can cause dose-dependent _____-grade amnesia
Answer: antero
Flashcard 2209: One possible treatment for digoxin toxicity is _____ fragments
Answer: anti-digoxin Fab
Flashcard 2210: Clomiphene results in _____ release of FSH and LH from the pituitary
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2211: Phase _____ of clinical trials uses a small number of patients with a disease of interest
Answer: II
Flashcard 2212: Which class of diuretics (1) is characterized by increased urine Ca2+? _____
Answer: Loop diuretics
Flashcard 2213: -blockers _____ production of renin
Answer: inhibit
Flashcard 2214: What is the route of administration of leukotriene D4-receptor antagonists (e.g. montelukast, zafirlukast)? _____
Answer: Oral administration
Flashcard 2215: What effect do thiazide diuretics have on serum Ca2+ levels? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 2216: Compared to benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hynotics are _____ likely to cause tolerance
Answer: less
Flashcard 2217: What is the most common cause of death in tricyclic antidepressant overdose? _____
Answer: Fatal cardiac arrhythmia
Flashcard 2218: What dermatologic complication is associated with carbamazepine use? _____
Answer: Steven-Johnson syndrome
Flashcard 2219: What drug class do fluoxetine and paroxetine belong to?_____
Answer: SSRIs
Flashcard 2220: Pharmacology: In fat, stimulation of B3 receptors results in _____
Answer: increased lipolysis
Flashcard 2221: The anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease can be treated with _____
Answer: epoetin alfa
Flashcard 2222: Which thyroid medications are associated with aplastic anemia?_____
Answer: Propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole
Flashcard 2223: Do inhaled corticosteroids present with the typical adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy? _____
Answer: No, minimal systemic absorption
Flashcard 2224: Treatment of acute coronary syndromes often includes _____ inhibitors to decrease left ventricular dilation
Answer: ACE
Flashcard 2225: What pharmacotherapy can be used for the acute treatment of agitation / psychosis associated with delirium?_____
Answer: Antipsychotics
Flashcard 2226: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody inhibits angiogensis?_____
Answer: bevacizumab
Flashcard 2227: Neuro/Psych_____ reverses the sedative actions of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
Answer: Flumazenil
Flashcard 2228: What is the relative volume of distribution (Vd) of a plasma protein-bound molecule? _____
Answer: Low
Flashcard 2229: Digoxin is derived from the _____ plant
Answer: foxglove
Flashcard 2230: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose, miglitol) are used to control the _____ glucose spike
Answer: postprandial
Flashcard 2231: Erlotinib therapy is associated with _____ and diarrhea (adverse effects)
Answer: acneiform skin rash
Flashcard 2232: Which generation of H1 histamine receptor antagonists are used to treat allergies? _____
Answer: Both 1st and 2nd generation
Flashcard 2233: Reslizumab and Mepolizumab are monoclonal antibodies against _____ used for maintenance therapy for asthma.
Answer: IL-5
Flashcard 2234: Tricyclic antidepressants antagonize the _____ histamine receptor
Answer: H1
Flashcard 2235: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Ketamine causes _____ cerebral blood flow
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2236: laxatives are non-absorbable substances that draw water into the intestinal lumen, causing distention and peristalsis
Answer: Osmotic
Flashcard 2237: What type of -blocker is acebutolol? _____
Answer: Selective 1 antagonist (cardioselective)
Flashcard 2238: As a result of decreased osteoclast activity, bisphosphonates may cause hypo-_____
Answer: calcemia
Flashcard 2239: What classes (2) of lipid lowering drugs are associated with cholesterol gallstone formation? _____
Answer: Fibrates and bile acid resins
Flashcard 2240: Which NSAID at low doses inhibits uric acid excretion?_____
Answer: Aspirin
Flashcard 2241: Local anesthetics are often given with _____ to enhance local action
Answer: vasoconstrictors
Flashcard 2242: Do thiazolidinediones act quickly to reduce blood glucose levels? Why?_____
Answer: No, because it acts at the level of gene transcription (slow)
Flashcard 2243: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a non-absorbable sugar that acts as an _____ laxative
Answer: osmotic
Flashcard 2244: Are statins competitive or non-competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase? Reversible or irreversible? _____
Answer: Reversible competitive inhibitors
Flashcard 2245: GLP-1 analogs cause decreased _____ release and gastric emptying
Answer: glucagon
Flashcard 2246: Which opioid receptor does -endorphin bind to? _____
Answer: -opioid receptor
Flashcard 2247: The inhaled anesthetic methoxyflurane is associated with _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: nephrotoxicity
Flashcard 2248: What change in bowel movement is associated with activation of -opioid receptors? _____
Answer: Constipation
Flashcard 2249: Flutamide is used for _____ carcinoma
Answer: prostate
Flashcard 2250: Docusate and liquid paraffin are used medically as a _____
Answer: stool softener
Flashcard 2251: In addition to central diabetes insipidus, desmopressin (DDAVP) may be used to treat _____, which is associated with hemarthrosis and prolonged bleeding after minor procedures
Answer: hemophilia A
Flashcard 2252: Life-threatening effects of MDMA (ecstasy) include hyperthermia and _____ (Na+ levels)
Answer: hyponatremia
Flashcard 2253: Phase _____ of clinical trials assesses optimal dosing and treatment efficacy
Answer: II
Flashcard 2254: What warfarin complication presents a few days after beginning treatment due to an early transient hypercoaguable state?_____
Answer: Warfarin-induced skin necrosis
Flashcard 2255: What is the mechanism by which progestins, alone, act as a contraceptive? _____
Answer: Thicken cervical mucus
Flashcard 2256: GLP-1 analogs cause increased _____ release and satiety
Answer: insulin
Flashcard 2257: Cardiac glycosides (e.g. digoxin) lead to _____ levels of intracellular Ca2+
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2258: What effect do Class II antiarrhythmics (-blockers) have on cAMP levels? _____
Answer: Decreased cAMP
Flashcard 2259: Neuro/Psych _____ is the dose of inhaled anesthetic that causes 50% of patients to become unresponsive to noxious stimuli
Answer: Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC)
Flashcard 2260: Stool softeners are _____ agents that facilitate the penetration of stool by water and lipids
Answer: surfactant
Flashcard 2261: Histamine increases _____, which is responsible for urticaria/hives (H1 receptor activation)
Answer: vascular permeability
Flashcard 2262: What drug class does disopyramide belong to? _____
Answer: Class IA antiarrhythmics
Flashcard 2263: Because Pembrolizumab targets a peripheral tolerance mechanism, patients taking this drug can develop autoimmune disorders of _____ organs
Answer: endocrine
Flashcard 2264: Abciximab is indicated for _____ angina
Answer: unstable
Flashcard 2265: What renal pathology may be caused by loop diuretics? _____
Answer: Interstitial nephritis
Flashcard 2266: What drug class does chlorpheniramine belong to? _____
Answer: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonist
Flashcard 2267: What laboratory assay is used to follow heparin activity?_____
Answer: aPTT
Flashcard 2268: Methotrexate is first-line in treating _____ (joint pathology)
Answer: rheumatoid arthritis
Flashcard 2269: Do cardioselective -blockers reduce mortality in CHF and post-MI?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2270: Which drug can prevent cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)?_____
Answer: Dexrazoxane
Flashcard 2271: What drug may be used to replace mineralocorticoids in primary adrenal insufficiency? _____
Answer: Fludrocortisone (aldosterone analog)
Flashcard 2272: Tamoxifen increases the risk of thromboembolic events and _____ cancer
Answer: endometrial
Flashcard 2273: What compartment is the majority of a drug with medium Vd found in? _____
Answer: Extracellular fluid
Flashcard 2274: ARBs are used to treat hypertension, proteinuria, HF, or diabetic nephropathy in patients intolerant to _____
Answer: ACE inhibitors
Flashcard 2275: Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasms (e.g. acute low back pain) and _____
Answer: multiple sclerosis (spasticity)
Flashcard 2276: What is a possible off-label use of the thyroid hormone replacement therapy (e.g. levothyroxine and triiodothyronine)? _____
Answer: weight loss supplement
Flashcard 2277: Lithium CNS toxicity can lead to slurred speech, as well as hyperreflexia and _____
Answer: seizures
Flashcard 2278: What is the treatment for amphetamine intoxication? _____
Answer: Benzodiazepines
Flashcard 2279: Is phenoxybenzamine (-blocker) reversible or irreversible?_____
Answer: Irreversible
Flashcard 2280: Which antacid is associated with hypercalcemia (milk-alkali syndrome) and rebound acid increase?_____
Answer: Calcium carbonate
Flashcard 2281: What drug class do citalopram and escitalopram belong to?_____
Answer: SSRIs
Flashcard 2282: Amiodarone, a class III antiarrhythmic, can induce heart _____, especially with rapid IV administration
Answer: failure
Flashcard 2283: What drug intoxication carries the highest risk for respiratory depression? _____
Answer: Barbiturates
Flashcard 2284: Leflunomide is contraindicated in pregnancy as it is a known _____
Answer: teratogen
Flashcard 2285: Decreased magnesium absorption as a result of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may cause _____
Answer: hypomagnesemia
Flashcard 2286: Which chemotherapeutic drug is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?_____
Answer: Doxorubicin
Flashcard 2287: What pulmonary side effect is associated with adenosine? _____
Answer: Bronchospasm
Flashcard 2288: What classes (2) of antidepressant are useful for treating fibromyalgia? _____
Answer: TCAs and SNRIs
Flashcard 2289: Amiloride is useful for the treatment of _____-induced diabetes insipidus
Answer: lithium
Flashcard 2290: What drug class does thiopental belong to? _____
Answer: Barbiturates
Flashcard 2291: Ranolazine is a drug used to treat _____ refractory to other medical therapies
Answer: angina
Flashcard 2292: Because milrinone causes both systemic arteriolar and venous dilation, it should not be used in severely _____ patients
Answer: hypotensive
Flashcard 2293: Insulin Glulisine, Aspart, and Lispro are characterized by _____ action and duration
Answer: rapid
Flashcard 2294: Does chronic opiate use lead to tolerance? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2295: What effect do ACE inhibitors have on levels of angiotensin I and renin? _____
Answer: Increased levels
Flashcard 2296: Graves ophthalmopathy can be treated with _____
Answer: Glucocorticoids
Flashcard 2297: Thiazide diuretics can be useful in the symptomatic treatment of heart _____ (loop diuretics are first line)
Answer: failure
Flashcard 2298: Which gout drug can result in rash, eosinophilia and systemic symptoms?_____
Answer: Allopurinol
Flashcard 2299: Ferrous Sulfate often causes a dose-dependent _____
Answer: constipation
Flashcard 2300: What organ does the M2 receptor primarily effect?_____
Answer: Heart
Flashcard 2301: Besides MESNA, _____ can also be used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide use
Answer: N-acetylcysteine
Flashcard 2302: Does Teriparatide have the exact same activity as endogenous PTH?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2303: Which class of antiarrhythmics will prolong QRS duration?_____
Answer: Class I antiarrhythmics (I, II, III, or IV)
Flashcard 2304: What antiarrhythmic drug class does phenytoin belong to? _____
Answer: Class IB antiarrhythmics (anti-epileptic but has class IB properties)
Flashcard 2305: Digoxin is useful in preventing _____ in atrial fibrillation and flutter ("rate control")
Answer: rapid ventricular response (RVR)
Flashcard 2306: Opioid analgesics may be used to treat acute pulmonary _____
Answer: edema
Flashcard 2307: Glucocorticoids can cause atrophy of the _____ layer of the skin
Answer: dermal
Flashcard 2308: What compound in swordfish, shark, and king mackarel causes neurotoxicity in the fetus? _____
Answer: Methylmercury
Flashcard 2309: Relaxatives_____ may be used to treat the secretory diarrhea caused by VIPoma and carcinoid syndrome
Answer: Octreotide (a somatostatin analog)
Flashcard 2310: What drug class may be used to impede progression of colonic adenoma to carcinoma? _____
Answer: NSAIDs (e.g. aspirin)
Flashcard 2311: What effect do anti-muscarinics have on AV conduction velocity? _____
Answer: Increased conduction velocity
Flashcard 2312: Triptans may cause coronary _____ as an adverse effect
Answer: vasospasm
Flashcard 2313: Verapamil and diltiazem are both examples of _____ Ca2+ channel blockers
Answer: non-dihydropyridine
Flashcard 2314: Theophylline use is limited due to its narrow _____
Answer: therapeutic index
Flashcard 2315: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych MAO inhibitors are contraindicated in patients taking the opioid analgesic _____
Answer: meperidine
Flashcard 2316: What is the clinical use of ulipristal?_____
Answer: Emergency contraception (anti-progestin)
Flashcard 2317: Mycophenolate mofetil use is associated with _____-glycemia
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 2318: Respiratory (Asthma) _____ is a methylxanthine that may be used for asthma therapy
Answer: Theophylline
Flashcard 2319: What is the most common side effect of SNRIs? _____
Answer: Hypertension
Flashcard 2320: What adverse effect may amiodarone have on bowel movement?_____
Answer: Constipation
Flashcard 2321: What drug class do cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine belong to? _____
Answer: H2 receptor antagonists
Flashcard 2322: What drug may be used to relieve symptoms due to unstable angina?_____
Answer: Nitroglycerin
Flashcard 2323: Benzodiazepines may have additive CNS depression effects with _____, barbiturates, 1st generation antihistamines, and neuroleptics
Answer: alcohol
Flashcard 2324: Which anti-emetic(s) should be used to treat a patient with nausea/vomiting due to emetogenic substances in the blood/CNS?_____
Answer: 1. D2 receptor blockers, such as metoclopramide 2. NK1 receptor blockers, such as aprepitant
Flashcard 2325: What drug class do diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate belong to?_____
Answer: 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists
Flashcard 2326: Is acetaminophen useful as an antipyretic and analgesic?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2327: What class of drugs acts via activation of PPAR-alpha?_____
Answer: Fibrates
Flashcard 2328: Motilin receptor agonists, such as _____, are used to stimulate intestinal peristalsis
Answer: erythromycin
Flashcard 2329: Suvorexant is not recommended in patients with _____ disease
Answer: liver
Flashcard 2330: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych MAO inhibitors may cause CNS _____ (stimulation or depression)
Answer: stimulation
Flashcard 2331: Dobutamine causes _____ diastolic pressure
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 2332: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) _____ is a cardiac glycoside that has antiarrhythmic properties
Answer: Digoxin
Flashcard 2333: Thiazide diuretics are _____ drugs and thus may rarely cause allergic reactions
Answer: sulfa
Flashcard 2334: Long-term pharmacologic treatment of alcoholism may include _____, which acts a deterrent
Answer: disulfiram
Flashcard 2335: What effect do class I antiarrhythmics have on the action potentials of the SA and AV nodes?_____
Answer: No effect (only affects Na+-dependent action potentials)
Flashcard 2336: What is the effect of nitrates and -blockers on heart rate?_____
Answer: No effect or decreased
Flashcard 2337: Inhaled anesthetics can cause myocardial _____ (stimulation or depression)
Answer: depression
Flashcard 2338: Phase _____ drug metabolism usually yields very polar, water-soluble metabolites (inactive)
Answer: II
Flashcard 2339: Sorafenib and Sunitinib inhibit the _____ RTK
Answer: VEGF
Flashcard 2340: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics are _____ likely to cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Answer: less
Flashcard 2341: Side effects of danazol include decreased HDL and _____-toxicity
Answer: hepato
Flashcard 2342: Nitrates _____ myocardial oxygen requirements
Answer: reduce
Flashcard 2343: _____ is a gout drug that can cause anaphylaxis
Answer: Pegloticase
Flashcard 2344: SGLT2 inhibitors, such as canagliflozin, cause increased excretion of urinary _____
Answer: glucose (glucosuria)
Flashcard 2345: Does metoclopramide, a D2 receptor antagonist, influence colon transport time? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2346: Compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics cause _____ anti-histamine side effects
Answer: less
Flashcard 2347: In addition to preventing platelet aggregation, cilostazol and dipyridamole also cause vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 2348: What drug class do dofetilide and ibutilide belong to?_____
Answer: Class III antiarrhythmics (K+ channel blockers)
Flashcard 2349: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody can treat rheumatoid arthritis?_____
Answer: Rituximab
Flashcard 2350: What effect may niacin have on blood glucose levels?_____
Answer: Increased (Hyperglycemia)
Flashcard 2351: -blockers can cause _____ in men as an adverse effect
Answer: impotence
Flashcard 2352: What drug class does procainamide belong to? _____
Answer: Class IA antiarrhythmics
Flashcard 2353: In addition to erectile dysfunction, sildenafil may also be used to treat _____
Answer: pulmonary hypertension
Flashcard 2354: Teriparatide and Vitamin D therapy can cause _____.
Answer: hypercalcemia (adverse effect)
Flashcard 2355: Athletes with polycythemia should be tested for _____ injection
Answer: exogenous erythropoetin
Flashcard 2356: Ethacrynic acid is used for diuresis in patients allergic to _____ drugs, who thus cannot tolerate other loop diuretics
Answer: sulfa
Flashcard 2357: SSRIs can cause weight _____
Answer: gain
Flashcard 2358: Carbamazepine is an _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inducer
Flashcard 2359: Besides a type II RTA, what acid-base disorder may be caused by acetazolamide? _____
Answer: Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Flashcard 2360: What effect do dihydropyridine CCBs have on afterload?_____
Answer: Decreased afterload (via peripheral vasodilation)
Flashcard 2361: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Dihydropyridine CCBs have a _____ suffix
Answer: -dipine
Flashcard 2362: Colchicine disrupts the cytoskeleton of _____, which normally cause inflammation due to monosodium urate deposition in gout
Answer: neutrophils
Flashcard 2363: Sudden discontinuation of SSRIs or SNRIs can cause _____-like symptoms
Answer: flu
Flashcard 2364: Which anti-epileptic may be used to treat peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia (chronic pain)? _____
Answer: Pregabalin
Flashcard 2365: What are 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists used to treat? _____
Answer: Allergies
Flashcard 2366: What drug intoxication presents as pupillary dilation, grandiosity, hypertension, and paranoia that lasts for multiple hours? _____
Answer: Amphetamines
Flashcard 2367: Most NSAIDs increase risk of GI bleeding due to inhibition of _____
Answer: TXA2 (platelet aggregator) (not COX)
Flashcard 2368: Cardiac glycosides (e.g. digoxin) exert their effects via inhibition of the _____ pump
Answer: Na+-K+ ATPase
Flashcard 2369: One factor that predisposes to digoxin toxicity is _____ insufficiency, which decreases drug excretion
Answer: renal
Flashcard 2370: Treatment for central diabetes insipidus includes hydration and _____, which is an ADH analog
Answer: desmopressin
Flashcard 2371: Which atypical antidepressant may cause seizures in anorexic/bulimic patients? _____
Answer: Buproprion
Flashcard 2372: Calcitriol is useful in the long term management of _____ due to chronic disorders
Answer: hypocalcemia
Flashcard 2373: Irinotecan and topotecan can result in _____-suppression
Answer: myelo
Flashcard 2374: Local anesthetics are most effective in _____-firing neurons (speed)
Answer: rapidly
Flashcard 2375: Dopamine may be used for the treatment of _____ failure and unstable bradycardia
Answer: heart
Flashcard 2376: Which NSAID is a sulfa drug? _____
Answer: Celecoxib
Flashcard 2377: Because Sorafenib and Sunitinib target the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor, patients are at increased risk of _____
Answer: hemmorhage
Flashcard 2378: Epinephrine causes _____ mean arterial pressure
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2379: Beta-blockers (ex propranolol) can block peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 by inhibiting _____
Answer: 5'-deiodinase
Flashcard 2380: GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors cause increased satiety via decreased _____
Answer: gastric emptying
Flashcard 2381: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose, miglitol) reduce the activity of alpha-glucosidases on the _____, thus delaying carbohydrate hydrolysis and absorption
Answer: intestinal brush border
Flashcard 2382: Barbiturates can cause severe CNS depression (e.g. coma) and should be avoided in _____ patients
Answer: elderly
Flashcard 2383: What drug class does duloxetine belong to?_____
Answer: SNRIs
Flashcard 2384: Typical antipsychotics are associated with anti-histamine effects, such as _____
Answer: sedation
Flashcard 2385: In a nonmedical setting, severe hypoglycemia is ideally treated with intramuscular _____
Answer: glucagon
Flashcard 2386: Dihydropyridine CCBs cause vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 2387: What are the first-line pharmacologic treatments (2) for PTSD? _____
Answer: SSRIs or venlafaxine
Flashcard 2388: What major GI side effect is associated with verapamil? _____
Answer: Constipation
Flashcard 2389: Most loop diuretics are _____ drugs and thus may cause adverse reactions in allergic patients
Answer: sulfa
Flashcard 2390: Statins may be _____, therefore avoid during the first trimester of pregnancy
Answer: teratogenic
Flashcard 2391: Patients on erythropoesis-stimulating agents are associated with increased risk for _____ due to increased blood viscosity
Answer: thromboembolic events
Flashcard 2392: Dexrazoxane is an _____ chelator
Answer: iron
Flashcard 2393: Rituximab is an antitumor monoclonal antibody that targets _____ of B-cells
Answer: CD20
Flashcard 2394: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with levetiracetam? _____
Answer: Partial and tonic-clonic
Flashcard 2395: Safer drugs have a _____ therapeutic index value
Answer: higher
Flashcard 2396: What effect do class IB antiarrhythmics have on action potential duration? _____
Answer: Shortened duration
Flashcard 2397: Which thyroid medications are associated with drug-induced lupus?_____
Answer: Propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole
Flashcard 2398: NSAIDs can cause _____ necrosis (kidney) as an adverse effect
Answer: renal papillary
Flashcard 2399: Dyslipidemia drugs _____ are the most effective lipid lowering medications for preventing future cardiovascular events
Answer: Statins
Flashcard 2400: PGI2 _____ platelet aggregation
Answer: inhibits
Flashcard 2401: Neuro/Psych_____ is a -opioid inverse agonist used to treat acute opioid toxicity (can precipitate withdrawal)
Answer: Naloxone
Flashcard 2402: Oral _____ contain high doses of estrogen and progesterone (or progesterone alone) which prevent ovulation via inhibition of FSH and LH
Answer: contraceptives
Flashcard 2403: Cardiac glycosides lead to _____ levels of intracellular Na+
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2404: TCAs are relatively contraindicated in _____ patients due to severe anticholinergic and antihistamine effects
Answer: elderly
Flashcard 2405: What effect do class I antiarrhythmics have on conduction velocity of the myocardial action potential?_____
Answer: Decreased CV
Flashcard 2406: What is the effect of adenosine on effective refractory period? _____
Answer: Increased ERP
Flashcard 2407: Loop diuretics may be used in the treatment of _____-calcemia
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 2408: What acid-base disorder may be caused by loop diuretics? _____
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Flashcard 2409: In addition to central diabetes insipidus, desmopressin (DDAVP) may be used to treat _____, which is associated with increased bruisability and mucosal bleeding
Answer: von Willebrand disease
Flashcard 2410: Reduced calcium absorption as a result of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increases risk of worsening _____
Answer: osteoporosis (e.g. increased osteoporotic hip fractures)
Flashcard 2411: Treatment of acute coronary syndromes often includes _____, which decrease heart rate and reduces risk of arrhythmia
Answer: -blockers
Flashcard 2412: DPP-4 inhibitors increase levels of endogenously secreted _____
Answer: GLP-1
Flashcard 2413: What catecholamine is used to treat anaphylactic shock? _____
Answer: Epinephrine
Flashcard 2414: Mannitol may be used clinically for drug _____
Answer: overdose
Flashcard 2415: In addition to HCO3-, acetazolamide also prevents the reabsorption of _____ and H2O
Answer: Na+
Flashcard 2416: Allopurinol is a treatment for chronic gout, as it inhibits _____
Answer: xanthine oxidase
Flashcard 2417: Peripheral conversion of levodopa may cause _____
Answer: hallucinations (CNS side effect)
Flashcard 2418: A metabolic adverse effect of mecasermin, a recombinant IGF-1, is _____
Answer: hypoglycemia
Flashcard 2419: What adverse effects (2) are associated with fenoldopam? _____
Answer: Hypotension, Reflex Tachycardia
Flashcard 2420: -blockers may cause _____ (HR) as a direct adverse effect
Answer: bradycardia
Flashcard 2421: The respiratory alkalosis that occurs as a result of ascent to high altitude may be treated with _____ inhibitors
Answer: carbonic anhydrase
Flashcard 2422: First Aid Pharmacology: GIBoth cimetidine and ranitidine decrease renal excretion of _____
Answer: creatinine
Flashcard 2423: Cyclobenzaprine is a centrally acting skeletal muscle _____ that is structurally related to TCAs
Answer: relaxant
Flashcard 2424: Treatment of contact dermatitis involves removal of the offending agent and topical _____ if needed
Answer: glucocorticoids
Flashcard 2425: What type of -blocker is labetalol? _____
Answer: non-selective 1- and -antagonist
Flashcard 2426: What effect does milrinone have on cardiac contractility? _____
Answer: Increased contractility
Flashcard 2427: Thrombolytics are contraindicated in patients with recent _____ or head trauma
Answer: surgery
Flashcard 2428: Which PDE-5 inhibitor may be used to treat BPH?_____
Answer: Tadalafil
Flashcard 2429: Which diuretic can cause type 2 renal tubular acidosis as an adverse effect?_____
Answer: Acetazolamide
Flashcard 2430: Which classes (2) of antiarrhythmics are used for ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation and flutter?_____
Answer: Class II and IV
Flashcard 2431: Cardiac glycosides (e.g. digoxin) cause _____ cardiac contractility due to increased sarcoplasmic Ca2+ stores
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2432: Loop and Thiazide diuretics _____ uric acid excretion
Answer: decrease
Flashcard 2433: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics ( blockers) _____ is a -blocker that may exacerbate vasospasm in Prinzmetal angina
Answer: Propranolol
Flashcard 2434: Thiazolidinediones can increase the risk of atypical extremity _____
Answer: fractures
Flashcard 2435: Does guaifenesin suppress the cough reflex? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2436: Neuro/Psych_____ patients are more sensitive to the side effects of benzodiazepines (e.g. somnolence, confusion, disorientation)
Answer: Elderly
Flashcard 2437: Selegiline is a(n) MAO-B inhibitor used to treat _____ disease
Answer: Parkinson
Flashcard 2438: Coronary steal syndrome is the principle behind _____ stress tests
Answer: pharmacologic
Flashcard 2439: Which classes (2) of antiarrhythmics are used for rhythm control in atrial fibrillation and flutter?_____
Answer: Class IC and III
Flashcard 2440: CardiovascularWhat is the effect of nitrates and -blockers on ejection time?_____
Answer: Little/no effect
Flashcard 2441: What type of drug are class II antiarrhythmics? _____
Answer: -blockers
Flashcard 2442: What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning? _____
Answer: N-acetylcysteine
Flashcard 2443: One possible adverse effect of class IV antiarrhythmics is AV _____ due to decreased conduction through the AV node
Answer: block
Flashcard 2444: _____ is a class III anti-arrhythmic that can produce hyper or hypothyroidism.
Answer: Amiodarone
Flashcard 2445: Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase via irreversible covalent _____
Answer: acetylation
Flashcard 2446: _____ is a local anesthetic that may cause methemoglobinemia in toxic doses
Answer: Benzocaine
Flashcard 2447: What drugs are commonly associated with gynecomastia? _____
Answer: Spironolactone, Hormones, Cimetidine, and Ketoconazole
Flashcard 2448: What drug acts by increasing sensitivity of Ca2+-sensing receptors in the parathyroid gland? _____
Answer: Cinacalcet
Flashcard 2449: Lugol's iodine is a large dose of _____ given to evoke the Wolff-Chaikoff effect
Answer: Potassium Iodide
Flashcard 2450: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal _____ bind to bisphosphonate, inhibiting their adherence to the bony surface and decreasing their activity
Answer: Osteoclasts
Flashcard 2451: _____ is a thioamide indicated in the treatment of thyroid storm (thyrotoxicosis)
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Flashcard 2452: Class II antiarrhythmics (-blockers) are useful in the treatment of _____ fibrillation (and flutter)
Answer: atrial
Flashcard 2453: Theophylline is metabolized by _____
Answer: cytochrome P-450
Flashcard 2454: What drug class do cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam belong do?_____
Answer: Bile acid resins
Flashcard 2455: What drugs (2) may be used to treat Granulomatosis with polyangiitis?_____
Answer: Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
Flashcard 2456: Which IV anesthetic preserves cardiovascular stability? _____
Answer: Etomidate
Flashcard 2457: What drug class do tolbutamide and chlorpropamide belong to? _____
Answer: 1st generation sulfonylureas
Flashcard 2458: Patients with _____ have increased risk for metformin-induced lactic acidosis due to metformin accumulation
Answer: renal insufficiency
Flashcard 2459: Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory agents that can be used to inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 by inhibiting _____
Answer: 5'-deiodinase
Flashcard 2460: Tacrolimus can cause a _____glycemia
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 2461: Continuous (not pulsatile) _____ agonists may be used to treat adenomyosis (endometriosis in the myometrium)
Answer: GnRH
Flashcard 2462: Life-threatening effects of MDMA (ecstasy) include _____ syndrome
Answer: serotonin
Flashcard 2463: Linagliptin, saxagliptin, and sitagliptin are all examples of _____
Answer: DPP-4 inhibitors
Flashcard 2464: Exenatide and liraglutide are both examples of _____
Answer: GLP-1 agonists
Flashcard 2465: Etanercept works by complexing with TNF-a and inducing _____ of the complex
Answer: phagocytosis
Flashcard 2466: Bile acid resins are used in patients with primary _____, usually in conjunction with statins
Answer: hypercholesterolemia
Flashcard 2467: _____ can disrupt the blood-brain barrier which increases the permeability of medications.
Answer: Mannitol
Flashcard 2468: Chronic use of metoclopramide may lead to _____, especially in the elderly
Answer: tardive dyskinesia
Flashcard 2469: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on production of phospholipase A2?_____
Answer: Decreased (inhibition)
Flashcard 2470: Montelukast and zafirlukast are especially effective at treating _____ asthma
Answer: aspirin-induced
Flashcard 2471: Which Ca2+ channel blocker has the most potent effects on cardiac muscle? _____
Answer: Verapamil
Flashcard 2472: Antihistamines_____ histamine receptors are located on gastric parietal cells and mediate gastric acid secretion
Answer: H2
Flashcard 2473: What effect does ranolazine have on heart rate and contractility?_____
Answer: No effect
Flashcard 2474: Acetaminophen exerts its effects via _____ inhibition of cyclooxygenase (reversible or irreversible)
Answer: reversible
Flashcard 2475: What drug class do alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase belong to? _____
Answer: Thrombolytics (recombinant tPA)
Flashcard 2476: Isoproterenol causes _____ pulse pressure
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2477: What effect does dobutamine have on HR and contractility? _____
Answer: Increased HR/contractility (1 agonist)
Flashcard 2478: Glucocorticoids prevent production of _____ by inhibiting phospholipase A2
Answer: arachidonic acid
Flashcard 2479: What adverse effect is rarely associated with streptokinase use?_____
Answer: allergic reaction and anaphylaxis
Flashcard 2480: Does warfarin cross the placenta?_____
Answer: Yes (lipid soluble)
Flashcard 2481: Patients with essential tremor often self-medicate with _____, which decreases tremor amplitude
Answer: alcohol
Flashcard 2482: Gut mucosa expresses EGFR, resulting in Erlotinib causing _____ as a side effect
Answer: Diarrhea
Flashcard 2483: Which class of diabetic drugs is associated with increased risk of heart failure as a possible side effect?_____
Answer: Thiazolidinediones
Flashcard 2484: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) Adenosine causes broncho-_____
Answer: constriction
Flashcard 2485: Class IV antiarrhythmics decrease pacemaker activity by decreasing the slope of phase _____ of the nodal action potential
Answer: 0
Flashcard 2486: COX-_____ synthesizes gastric cytoprotective prostaglandins
Answer: 1
Flashcard 2487: Modafinil is a stimulant used to treat _____
Answer: narcolepsy
Flashcard 2488: What effect do class III antiarrhythmics have on effective refractory period?_____
Answer: Increased ERP
Flashcard 2489: Aqueous humor production is decreased by _____ inhibitors (enzyme)
Answer: carbonic anhydrase
Flashcard 2490: Renal (Diuretics) _____ is a non-sulfonamide loop diuretic
Answer: Ethacrynic acid
Flashcard 2491: What effect does a partial agonist have on efficacy?_____
Answer: Decrease (curve shifts down)
Flashcard 2492: What is the effect of nitrates alone on ejection time?_____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 2493: Statins indirectly cause _____ LDL receptor expression on hepatocytes
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2494: What effect may NSAIDs have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Flashcard 2495: Misoprostol is a synthetic analog of _____
Answer: PGE1
Flashcard 2496: What drug class do diltiazem and verapamil belong to? _____
Answer: Class IV antiarrhythmics (non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers)
Flashcard 2497: _____ is a thioamide that works by inhibiting Thyroid peroxidase AND 5'-Deiodinase
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Flashcard 2498: Pharmacological treatment for intractable and distressing tics in Tourette syndrome may include high-potency _____
Answer: antipsychotics
Flashcard 2499: Thrombolytics are contraindicated in patients with any signs of active _____
Answer: bleeds
Flashcard 2500: Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics are primarily used for the treatment of _____
Answer: insomnia
Flashcard 2501: Is etomidate used for the induction or maintenance of anesthesia?_____
Answer: Induction
Flashcard 2502: Sulfonylureas and meglitinides may cause weight _____ as a side effect
Answer: gain
Flashcard 2503: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody is associated with heart failure (cardiotoxicity)?_____
Answer: trastuzumab (herceptin)
Flashcard 2504: Fibrates mildly increase the synthesis of _____ (lipoprotein) via upregulation of PPAR-
Answer: HDL
Flashcard 2505: What toxin presents with reversal of hot and cold sensations?_____
Answer: Ciguatoxin
Flashcard 2506: Does the red curve represent an inhaled anesthetic with a high or low blood solubility? _____
Answer: High (slowly saturated, e.g. halothane)
Flashcard 2507: What two cholesterol modulating medications should not be combined due to a high risk of causing rhabdomyolysis?_____
Answer: Statins + Fibrates
Flashcard 2508: Treatment with nusinersen increases your risk for _____
Answer: scoliosis
Flashcard 2509: What anti-coagulation drug is frequently used to treat acute coronary syndromes (e.g. unstable angina, STEMI, NSTEMI)?_____
Answer: Heparin
Flashcard 2510: How do glucocorticoids suppress the immune response?_____
Answer: By inhibiting production of IL-2 and subsequent T-cell proliferation
Flashcard 2511: What effect do statins have on HDL levels?_____
Answer: Mild increase
Flashcard 2512: Inhaled _____ (e.g. budesonide, fluticasone) can be added as daily maintenance therapy for persistent asthma
Answer: corticosteroids
Flashcard 2513: Which classes of diuretics (2) are characterized by decreased blood pH (acidemia)?_____
Answer: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, K+ sparing diuretics
Flashcard 2514: One adverse effect of SGLT2 inhibitors is increased risk of _____ tract infection
Answer: urinary
Flashcard 2515: Daclizumab is contraindicated in patients with _____ impairment
Answer: liver
Flashcard 2516: What is the main adverse effect of thrombolytics? _____
Answer: Bleeding
Flashcard 2517: Epoprostenol and iloprost are synthetic forms of _____
Answer: PGI2 (prostacylin)
Flashcard 2518: Non-specific symptoms of _____ intoxication (stimulant or depressant) include anxiolysis, disinhibition, respiratory depression, and mood elevation
Answer: depressant
Flashcard 2519: The following drugs are good for Hypertension and Heart Failure as they help prevent _____ACE inhibitors, Beta-blockers (compensated HF), and Aldosterone Antagonists
Answer: cardiac remodeling
Flashcard 2520: Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics work by decreasing _____
Answer: sleep latency
Flashcard 2521: Vincristine is associated with autonomic dysfunction, specifically _____ and constipation
Answer: paralytic ileus
Flashcard 2522: What adverse cardiac effect is associated with both typical and atypical antipsychotics? _____
Answer: QT interval prolongation
Flashcard 2523: Misoprostol is not used very often due to its ability to cause _____ as a side effect
Answer: diarrhea
Flashcard 2524: Dihydropyridine CCBs can worsen heart failure due to increased _____ activity induced by baroreceptor reflex activation
Answer: sympathetic
Flashcard 2525: Do direct factor Xa inhibitors (apixaban, rivaroxaban) require lab monitoring?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2526: Possible adverse effects of fludrocortisone, an aldosterone analog, include edema and exacerbation of _____
Answer: heart failure
Flashcard 2527: Glucocorticoids inhibit production of inflammatory _____ by cyclooxygenase
Answer: prostaglandins
Flashcard 2528: Psyllium, Bran, Methylcellulose and Polycarbophil are a _____ laxatives
Answer: bulk-forming
Flashcard 2529: What compartment is the majority of a drug with low Vd found in? _____
Answer: Intravascular (e.g. plasma)
Flashcard 2530: Ondansetron may cause _____, which presents with symptoms including rigidity, tremor, hyperthermia, and confusion
Answer: serotonin syndrome
Flashcard 2531: Trastuzumab is contraindicated with _____ usage
Answer: anthracycline
Flashcard 2532: Thiazolidinediones cause increased insulin _____, therefore enhancing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
Answer: sensitivity
Flashcard 2533: What is the effect of corticosteroids on lymphocyte levels? _____
Answer: Decreased (lymphopenia)
Flashcard 2534: Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) is characterized by _____ action and duration
Answer: intermediate
Flashcard 2535: What adverse effect is common to sotalol, dofetilide, and ibutilide (class III antiarrhythmics)? _____
Answer: Torsades de pointes
Flashcard 2536: What type of drug are class IV antiarrhythmics? _____
Answer: Non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers
Flashcard 2537: Thrombolytics exert their effects via direct or indirect conversion of plasminogen to _____
Answer: plasmin
Flashcard 2538: Are -blockers contraindicated in diabetic patients? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2539: Ethinyl estradiol, DES, and mestranol are examples _____ analogs
Answer: estrogen
Flashcard 2540: Mirtazapine is a _____ histamine receptor antagonist
Answer: H1
Flashcard 2541: Naltrexone is a -opioid antagonist that can help with weight _____
Answer: loss
Flashcard 2542: Which drug used for malaria can cause cinchonism?_____
Answer: Quinidine
Flashcard 2543: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody treats wet macular degeneration?_____
Answer: bevacizumab
Flashcard 2544: Autonomics ( drugs)One adverse effect associated with clonidine is _____ (BP)
Answer: hypotension
Flashcard 2545: The _____ node is particularly sensitive to class II antiarrhythmics (-blockers)
Answer: AV
Flashcard 2546: Uricosurics (like Probenecid) are only for _____ of uric acid
Answer: under excretors (over producers / under excretors)
Flashcard 2547: The E-series prostaglandins are vaso-_____
Answer: dilators
Flashcard 2548: What sleep disturbance is associated with bupropion use? _____
Answer: Insomnia
Flashcard 2549: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics ( drugs)One adverse effect associated with clonidine is _____ (pupil size)
Answer: miosis
Flashcard 2550: What is the clinical use for orlistat?_____
Answer: Weight loss
Flashcard 2551: Diuresis with _____ prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
Answer: IV saline
Flashcard 2552: Compared to full agonists, partial agonists have _____ efficacy
Answer: less
Flashcard 2553: Ketamine causes cardiovascular _____ (depression or stimulation)
Answer: stimulation
Flashcard 2554: Acute alcohol use leads to _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inhibition
Flashcard 2555: Vmax of a drug is indicative of _____ (potency or efficacy)
Answer: efficacy
Flashcard 2556: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics ( drugs)One adverse effect associated with clonidine is _____ (HR)
Answer: bradycardia
Flashcard 2557: Dextromethorphan may cause _____ if combined with other serotonergic agents
Answer: serotonin syndrome
Flashcard 2558: Benzodiazepines may be used to treat _____ caused by UMN disorders (e.g. MS, stroke, spinal cord trauma, tetanus)
Answer: spasticity
Flashcard 2559: Ezetimibe restricts the liver's access to exogenous _____
Answer: cholesterol
Flashcard 2560: When a non-depolarizing NMJ blocker is administered, TOF stimulation show a _____ in each of the four responses
Answer: progressive reduction
Flashcard 2561: Which test (PT or PTT) is used to follow the effects of heparin? _____
Answer: PTT
Flashcard 2562: Because denosumab impairs osteoclast activity (like bisphosphonates), these drugs can cause _____
Answer: osteonecrosis of the jaw
Flashcard 2563: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with phenytoin? _____
Answer: Partial and tonic-clonic
Flashcard 2564: Are class II antiarrhythmics (-blockers) used to treat supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias?_____
Answer: Supraventricular
Flashcard 2565: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Phase _____ of succinylcholine-induced neuromuscular blockade is characterized as prolonged depolarization
Answer: I
Flashcard 2566: What is the effect of benzodiazepines and barbiturates on REM and slow-wave sleep (N3)?_____
Answer: Decreased REM and slow-wave sleep
Flashcard 2567: As parkinson disease progresses, the therapeutic window for levodopa _____ and response becomes more unpredictable
Answer: narrows
Flashcard 2568: Autonomics (Indirect Sympathomimetics) _____ is a tyrosine analog that prevents conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA
Answer: Metyrosine
Flashcard 2569: What drug intoxication presents as disinhibition, heightened emotional/tactile sensation, and teeth clenching? _____
Answer: MDMA (ecstasy)
Flashcard 2570: What is the route of administration of direct factor Xa inhibitors (apixaban, rivaroxaban)? _____
Answer: Oral
Flashcard 2571: What drug enhances activity of antithrombin? _____
Answer: Heparin
Flashcard 2572: What type of -blocker is betaxolol? _____
Answer: Selective 1 antagonist (cardioselective)
Flashcard 2573: Adenosine may be used as a very _____ acting antiarrhythmic
Answer: short
Flashcard 2574: What type of drug interaction is an acute decrease in response to a drug after initial/repeated administration?_____
Answer: Tachyphylactic (e.g. nitrates, niacin, phenylephrine, LSD, MDMA)
Flashcard 2575: Which Ca2+ channel blocker is contraindicated in patients with unstable angina or MI due to its ability to exacerbate myocardial ischemia? _____
Answer: Nifedipine
Flashcard 2576: What effect does a non-competitive antagonist have on efficacy?_____
Answer: Decrease (curve shifts down)
Flashcard 2577: Does nitroprusside cause arteriolar or venous dilation?_____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 2578: How is an amylin analog, such as pramlintide, administered?_____
Answer: Subcutaneous injection (usually prior to a meal)
Flashcard 2579: Which classes of diuretics (2) cause increased blood pH (alkalemia)? _____
Answer: Loop and thiazide diuretics
Flashcard 2580: What is the effect of nitrates alone on myocardial O2 consumption?_____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 2581: Which ion depletion may be treated with K+ sparing diuretics? _____
Answer: K+ depletion (hypokalemia)
Flashcard 2582: Neuro/Psych _____ is an ergot dopamine agonist that is rarely used to treat Parkinson disease
Answer: Bromocriptine
Flashcard 2583: Peripheral conversion of levodopa may cause _____ (BP)
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Flashcard 2584: What suffix is associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors?_____
Answer: -tinib
Flashcard 2585: Guanfacine is _____ effective than Clonidine in the treatment of ADHD
Answer: more (more/less)
Flashcard 2586: What compartment is the majority of a drug with high Vd found in? _____
Answer: All tissues including fat
Flashcard 2587: Bosentan is associated with fatal _____
Answer: hepatotoxicity
Flashcard 2588: What effect does a non-competitive antagonist have on potency?_____
Answer: No change
Flashcard 2589: Class I antiarrhythmics _____ the QRS complex on ECG
Answer: widen
Flashcard 2590: Is propofol used for the induction or maintenance of anesthesia?_____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 2591: Canakinumab is a biologic that binds and prevents the activity of IL-_____
Answer: 1B
Flashcard 2592: Metformin may cause modest weight _____
Answer: reduction
Flashcard 2593: Autonomics ( blockers) _____ -blockers are useful in the acute treatment of MI and other ACS (e.g. unstable, NSTEMI)
Answer: Cardioselective
Flashcard 2594: Treatment of acute coronary syndromes often includes an _____ receptor inhibitor such as clopidogrel
Answer: ADP
Flashcard 2595: Treatment for torsades de pointes includes _____
Answer: magnesium sulfate
Flashcard 2596: In addition to vascular effects, bradykinin also mediates _____
Answer: pain
Flashcard 2597: What drug class do phenobarbital, pentobarbital, and secobarbital belong to?_____
Answer: Barbiturates
Flashcard 2598: What class of drugs may inhibit the renal-protective aspect of loop diuretics ? _____
Answer: NSAIDs (decreased prostaglandin synthesis)
Flashcard 2599: Trazodone weakly inhibits the pre-synaptic reuptake of _____
Answer: serotonin (5-HT)
Flashcard 2600: Class IV antiarrhythmics (non-dihydropyridine CCBs) _____ conduction velocity through the AV node
Answer: decrease
Flashcard 2601: What type(s) of seizures (partial, tonic-clonic, or absence) may be treated with lamotrigine? _____
Answer: All three (partial, tonic-clonic, absence)
Flashcard 2602: What is the treatment for Liddle syndrome? _____
Answer: Amiloride
Flashcard 2603: _____ is defined as the hormone concentration that produces 50% of the maximal response
Answer: Sensitivity
Flashcard 2604: Which GLUT receptor is upregulated in peripheral tissue by thiazolidinediones? _____
Answer: GLUT4
Flashcard 2605: Central diabetes insipidus may be treated with exogenous administration of _____
Answer: ADH
Flashcard 2606: Patients experiencing lithium toxicity should first discontinue lithium, then be treated aggressively with _____
Answer: isotonic saline
Flashcard 2607: Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych_____ is a local anesthetic that is commonly associated with cardiac arrhythmias
Answer: Cocaine
Flashcard 2608: Thiopental causes _____ cerebral blood flow
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 2609: What formula is used to calculate loading dose? _____
Answer: F=bioavailabilityCL=clearance
Flashcard 2610: Capsaicin causes release and subsequent depletion of _____
Answer: substance P
Flashcard 2611: Triptans inhibit _____ nerve activation
Answer: trigeminal
Flashcard 2612: Does administering HCO3 for tricyclic antidepressant toxicity accelerate drug metabolism?_____
Answer: No - only overcomes Na channel-blocking activity
Flashcard 2613: drugs-receptor antagonists may cause _____ (BP) as an adverse effect
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Flashcard 2614: benzodiazepines can be used in _____ (muscle relaxation, amnesia)
Answer: general anesthesia
Flashcard 2615: Phenobarbital is an _____ of CYP-450
Answer: inducer
Flashcard 2616: NSAIDs can _____ blood pressure
Answer: increase
Flashcard 2617: One adverse effect associated with digoxin is _____ due to parasympathetic activity at AV node
Answer: heart block
Flashcard 2618: _____ is a thioamide that works by inhibiting Thyroid peroxidase ONLY
Answer: Methimazole
Flashcard 2619: Adverse effects of clonidine include CNS and respiratory _____
Answer: depression
Flashcard 2620: What opioid analgesic causes mydriasis? _____
Answer: Meperidine
Flashcard 2621: What effect do thrombolytics have on platelet count?_____
Answer: No effect
Flashcard 2622: What is the most serious adverse effect associated with antipsychotics? _____
Answer: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Flashcard 2623: What drug class is the most common cause of drug overdose death? _____
Answer: Opioids (e.g. heroin)
Flashcard 2624: Phentolamine causes vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 2625: Unlike phenylephrine, norepinephrine causes increased _____ due to 1 activation which results in increased pulse pressure
Answer: cardiac contractility
Flashcard 2626: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Vilazodone inhibits the pre-synaptic reuptake of _____
Answer: serotonin (5-HT)
Flashcard 2627: Wet macular degeneration is treated with smoking cessation (if applicable) and _____ injections
Answer: anti-VEGF
Flashcard 2628: Neuro/Psych_____ is a long-acting -receptor agonist used to attenuate opioid withdrawal symptomsBonus Q: Also an antagonist at which receptor?
Answer: Methadone
Flashcard 2629: Do 1st generation H1 receptor antagonists cross the blood-brain-barrier? _____
Answer: Yes (lipophilic)
Flashcard 2630: Triazolam, Oxazepam, and Midazolam are benzodiazepines that have _____ half lives
Answer: short
Flashcard 2631: Danazol is used to treat _____ and hereditary angioedema
Answer: endometriosis
Flashcard 2632: Methotrexate has an _____ effect, hence why it is useful in the treatment of IBD, vasculitis, SLE, dermatomyositis, etc.
Answer: immunosuppressive
Flashcard 2633: What type of renal tubular acidosis may be caused by K+ sparing diuretics? _____
Answer: Type 4 RTA
Flashcard 2634: Evolocumab binds PCSK9 and _____ degradation of hepatic LDL receptors
Answer: prevents
Flashcard 2635: Which atypical antipsychotic is a D2 partial agonist? _____
Answer: Aripiprazole
Flashcard 2636: Which osmotic diuretic may cause dehydration as a possible adverse effect? _____
Answer: Mannitol
Flashcard 2637: What drug class does streptokinase belong to?_____
Answer: Thrombolytics
Flashcard 2638: What type of diabetes may be induced by glucocorticoid use? _____
Answer: Steroid diabetes
Flashcard 2639: As part of the reversal of digoxin toxicity, _____ can be given to chelate Digoxin
Answer: anti-digoxin Fab fragments
Flashcard 2640: PDE-5 inhibitors (e.g. sildenafil, tadalafil) are indicated for _____ hypertension
Answer: pulmonary
Flashcard 2641: What type of drug are class III antiarrhythmics? _____
Answer: K+ channel blockers
Flashcard 2642: Which anticoagulant has the greatest efficacy on factor IIa (thrombin)? _____
Answer: Heparin
Flashcard 2643: Dyslipidemia drugs _____ bind bile acids in the intestinal lumen, preventing absorption and recycling to the liver
Answer: Bile acid resins (e.g. cholestyramine)
Flashcard 2644: Activation of 1 and 2 adrenergic receptors _____ lipolysis and release of fatty acids
Answer: stimulates
Flashcard 2645: How can prolactin excess be treated? _____
Answer: dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine)
Flashcard 2646: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) _____ are the first line therapy for chronic asthma
Answer: Inhaled corticosteroids
Flashcard 2647: First Aid Pharmacology: Endocrine_____ is a possible teratogenic complication of methimazole if given in the first trimester
Answer: Aplasia cutis
Flashcard 2648: What drug class do eptifibatide and tirofiban belong to?_____
Answer: GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors
Flashcard 2649: Carbamazepine exerts its effects by blocking _____ channels
Answer: Na+
Flashcard 2650: Glucocorticoids are useful for _____ therapy (e.g. transplant rejection prevention, treatment of autoimmune disorders)
Answer: immunosuppressive
Flashcard 2651: Triptans _____ release of vasoactive peptides
Answer: prevent
Flashcard 2652: _____ are first line agents for treatment of acute gout, as they block prostaglandin synthesis at COX
Answer: NSAIDs (ie: indomethacin)
Flashcard 2653: Adenosine _____ conduction velocity through the AV node
Answer: decreases
Flashcard 2654: What GAS virulence factor can be given to patients with clots? _____
Answer: Streptokinase: converts plasminogen to plasmin, which is fibrinolytic
Flashcard 2655: Dual-platelet therapy with aspirin and ADP receptor inhibitors is used to prevent coronary stent _____
Answer: thrombosis
Flashcard 2656: Which chemotherapeutic drug is the most widely-used treatment of a organ/graft rejection?_____
Answer: Azathioprine/6-MP
Flashcard 2657: What is the effect of nitrates alone on heart rate?_____
Answer: Increased (reflex response)
Flashcard 2658: What 5-aminosalicylic preparations (2) are useful in the management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease? _____
Answer: Mesalamine and sulfasalazine
Flashcard 2659: Is mannitol associated with hypernatremia or hyponatremia as a possible adverse effect? _____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 2660: Uricosurics (ie: probenecid) treat chronic gout due to _____
Answer: underexcretion
Flashcard 2661: What adverse hematologic effect is associated with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors? _____
Answer: Thrombocytopenia
Flashcard 2662: In addition to opioid agonist activity, dextromethorphan also antagonizes _____ receptors
Answer: NMDA
Flashcard 2663: What drug is given for overdose of dextromethorphan? _____
Answer: Naloxone
Flashcard 2664: Do nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics cause significant day-after psychomotor depression and/or amnesia? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 2665: Class IV antiarrhythmics are useful in preventing _____ in atrial fibrillation and flutter ("rate control")
Answer: rapid ventricular response (RVR)
Flashcard 2666: _____ is used for prophylaxis and acute management of DVT
Answer: Unfractioned or LMW heparin
Flashcard 2667: Which calcineurin inhibitor is associated with an even greater risk for diabetes vs the other calcineurin inhibitors?_____
Answer: Tacrolimus
Flashcard 2668: Erlotinib is an _____ inhibitor is used to treat NSCLC and Pancreatic cancer
Answer: EGF-R
Flashcard 2669: Typical antipsychotics may cause symptoms of _____ excess (e.g. galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia)
Answer: prolactin
Flashcard 2670: One adverse effect associated with digoxin is _____ (HR)
Answer: bradycardia
Flashcard 2671: _____ is an antagonist at breast and uterus and an agonist at bone
Answer: Raloxifene
Flashcard 2672: What drug may be used to treat diabetic or post-surgical gastroparesis by increasing resting tone, contractility, and LES tone?_____
Answer: Metoclopramide (D2 receptor antagonist)
Flashcard 2673: What endocrine pathology may be caused by carbamazepine use? _____
Answer: SIADH
Flashcard 2674: What drug class does lidocaine belong to? _____
Answer: Class IB antiarrhythmics
Flashcard 2675: Benzodiazepines can cause central _____, leading to increased risk of falls in the elderly
Answer: ataxia
Flashcard 2676: Benzodiazepines _____ the action of GABAA (enhance or inhibit)
Answer: enhance
Flashcard 2677: Sildenafil causes cyanopia via inhibition of _____ in the retina.
Answer: PDE-6
Flashcard 2678: Is trazodone use associated with sexual dysfunction? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2679: What drug class does celecoxib belong to?_____
Answer: Selective COX-2 inhibitor
Flashcard 2680: Which anti-epileptic is most associated with DRESS syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms)? _____
Answer: Phenytoin
Flashcard 2681: Digoxin is useful in the treatment of _____ fibrillation (and flutter)
Answer: atrial
Flashcard 2682: What is first-line treatment for essential tremor? _____
Answer: Non-selective -blockers (e.g. propranolol)
Flashcard 2683: What drug class do levonorgestrel, etonogestrel, and megestrol belong to?_____
Answer: Progestins
Flashcard 2684: Sunitinib and sorafenib treat cancer due to VEGFR overexpression, such as _____ carcinoma
Answer: renal cell
Flashcard 2685: What drug class do milnacipran and levomilnacipran belong to? _____
Answer: SNRIs
Flashcard 2686: VEGF RTK inhibitors can cause hyper_____
Answer: keratosis
Flashcard 2687: Cromolyn sodium is an asthma therapeutic that inhibits _____
Answer: mast cell degranulation
Flashcard 2688: Leukotriene D4 exerts its effects by binding to the _____ receptor
Answer: CysLT1
Flashcard 2689: Prostaglandins decrease gastric acid secretion by decreasing levels of _____ (second messenger)
Answer: cAMP
Flashcard 2690: Which class of diabetic drugs is associated with increased risk of fracture as a possible side effect?_____
Answer: Thiazolidinediones (glitazones)
Flashcard 2691: Trazodone can cause _____ (BP) as an adverse effect
Answer: orthostatic hypotension
Flashcard 2692: What are the first-line pharmacologic treatments (2) for social anxiety disorder? _____
Answer: SSRIs or venlafaxine
Flashcard 2693: _____ diuretics inhibit Na+ reabsorption in the principal cells of the late DCT and collecting ducts
Answer: K+-sparing
Flashcard 2694: What drug class does loratadine belong to?_____
Answer: 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists
Flashcard 2695: What is the effect of thiazolidinediones on triglyceride storage and fatty acid oxidation? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 2696: Pramlintide may cause _____ as a side effect, especially in the setting of mistimed prandial insulin
Answer: hypoglycemia
Flashcard 2697: Acute gout may occur with _____ consumption due to competition for the same excretion site in the kidney as uric acid
Answer: alcohol
Flashcard 2698: What drug is used for prophylaxis of cluster headaches? _____
Answer: Verapamil
Flashcard 2699: What hematological complication is associated with nitrates? _____
Answer: Methemoglobinemia
Flashcard 2700: PPAR-gamma, which is activated by thiazolidinediones, upregulates _____, which causes increased insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation
Answer: adiponectin
Flashcard 2701: Heparin exerts its effects by activating _____
Answer: antithrombin III
Flashcard 2702: Which three drugs are used to treat acute gout?_____
Answer: NSAIDs (do not use salicylates), glucocorticoids, and colchicine
Flashcard 2703: Opioid agonists (e.g. diphenoxylate, loperamide) treat diarrhea by activating _____ receptors in the GI tract
Answer: -opioid
Flashcard 2704: K+ sparing diuretics (e.g. spironolactone, eplerenone) are useful in the treatment of heart _____, especially in combination with loop diuretics
Answer: failure
Flashcard 2705: Nesiritide is a synthetic form of _____ used in the treatment of acute heart failure
Answer: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Flashcard 2706: What drug class does chlordiazepoxide belong to? _____
Answer: Benzodiazepines
Flashcard 2707: Inhibition of the SA node by non-dihydropyridine CCBs can cause _____
Answer: bradycardia
Flashcard 2708: Vincristine is associated with neurotoxicity, specifically _____
Answer: peripheral neuropathy (glove & stocking)
Flashcard 2709: Histamine causes _____ nasal and bronchial mucus production (H1 receptor activation)
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2710: What class of drugs acts by closing K+ channels in pancreatic beta cells, causing increased insulin secretion? _____
Answer: sulfonylurea drugs (e.g. tolbutamide, glyburide)
Flashcard 2711: Non-dihydropyridine CCBs are useful for treating angina due to their ability to decrease _____ demand
Answer: myocardial oxygen
Flashcard 2712: Serum Sickness can be treated with pulsed _____ therapy
Answer: corticosteroid
Flashcard 2713: Ivabradine is contraindicated in _____
Answer: sick sinus syndrome
Flashcard 2714: What drug class do mifeprostone and ulipristal belong to?_____
Answer: Anti-progestins
Flashcard 2715: What eye movement is associated with phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication? _____
Answer: Nystagmus
Flashcard 2716: Cardiovascular (Nitrates) _____ nitrate preparations have a longer duration of action than sublingual
Answer: Oral
Flashcard 2717: Midodrine may exacerbate _____ hypertension
Answer: supine
Flashcard 2718: What drug class does selegiline belong to?_____
Answer: Selective MAO-B inhibitor
Flashcard 2719: Bisphosphonates have a chemical structure similar to _____
Answer: pyrophosphate
Flashcard 2720: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody can treat vasculitides?_____
Answer: Rituximab
Flashcard 2721: Oral ingestion of Ferrous Sulfate can cause _____
Answer: esophagitis
Flashcard 2722: What drug class does isocarboxazid belong to?_____
Answer: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Flashcard 2723: Class IA antiarrhythmics have a(n) _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel
Answer: intermediate
Flashcard 2724: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Compared to thiopental, propofol has _____ post-operative nausea
Answer: less
Flashcard 2725: Steven-Johnson syndrome in patients taking carbamazepine or phenytoin is associated with HLA-_____, which is typically seen in those of Asian ancestry
Answer: B1502
Flashcard 2726: What drug class do montelukast and zafirlukast belong to? _____
Answer: Leukotriene D4-receptor antagonists
Flashcard 2727: Neuromuscular blocking drugs are used to induce muscle _____ for surgery or mechanical ventilation
Answer: paralysis
Flashcard 2728: What is the effect of -blockers alone on myocardial O2 consumption?_____
Answer: Mildly decreased
Flashcard 2729: Are class IA antiarrhythmics used to treat supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias?_____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 2730: Which prostaglandins mediate vasodilation and increased vascular permeability? _____
Answer: PGE2, PGD2, and PGI2 (prostacyclin)
Flashcard 2731: Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies may occur with _____ intake, which can be used to treat constipation
Answer: mineral oil
Flashcard 2732: _____ is the largest indirect thrombin inhibitor
Answer: Unfractionated heparin
Flashcard 2733: Which class of diuretics (1) is characterized by decreased urine Ca2+? _____
Answer: Thiazide diuretics
Flashcard 2734: Spironolactone may have anti-androgenic effects via direct antagonism of the _____ receptor
Answer: androgen
Flashcard 2735: Which atypical antipsychotics are most associated with metabolic syndrome? _____
Answer: "-pines" (esp. clozapine and olanzapine)
Flashcard 2736: What biliary tree complication may be caused by opiates? _____ or Sphincter of Oddi Spasm
Answer: Biliary colic
Flashcard 2737: _____ is a monoclonal IgG antibody against the GPIIb/IIIa receptor
Answer: Abciximab
Flashcard 2738: Aspirin may cause a "pseudo-allergy" due to excess _____ synthesis
Answer: leukotriene
Flashcard 2739: Etanercept is used primarily for the treatment of _____ Arthritis
Answer: Rheumatoid
Flashcard 2740: Which opioid receptor does enkephalin bind to? _____
Answer: -opioid receptor
Flashcard 2741: Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole are associated with a _____ rash
Answer: maculopapular skin
Flashcard 2742: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal ARBs selectively block binding of angiotensin II to the _____ receptor
Answer: AT1
Flashcard 2743: Which of the vinca alkaloids is more commonly associated with areflexia and peripheral neuritis?_____
Answer: Vincristine
Flashcard 2744: The most common side effect of statins is _____, which occurs weeks to months after starting therapy
Answer: myopathy
Flashcard 2745: Which test (PT or PTT) is used to follow the effects of warfarin (coumadin) ? _____
Answer: PT (via INR)
Flashcard 2746: Which antitumor monoclonal antibody targets epidermal growth factor receptor?_____
Answer: Cetuximab
Flashcard 2747: Neuro/Psych Potency is _____ proportional to minimal alveolar concentration (MAC)
Answer: inversely
Flashcard 2748: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory (Asthma) _____ is used in allergic asthma with increased IgE levels and resistance to inhaled steroids and long-acting 2 agonists
Answer: Omalizumab
Flashcard 2749: Metformin causes increased insulin _____, therefore enhancing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
Answer: sensitivity
Flashcard 2750: Exogenous testosterone causes _____ hematocrit
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2751: What adverse effect is associated with TCAs due to 1 antagonism? _____
Answer: Orthostatic hypotension
Flashcard 2752: Patients on nitrates have a nitrate-free interval everyday to prevent _____
Answer: tolerance
Flashcard 2753: Which of the topoisomerase inhibitors (2) are associated with severe diarrhea?_____
Answer: irinotecan, topotecan
Flashcard 2754: Spironolactone may inhibit _____, an enzyme in the testosterone synthesis pathway
Answer: 17-hydroxylase
Flashcard 2755: Pharmacology: Which drugs (2) are characterized by binding to an ulcer base and providing physical protection? _____
Answer: Bismuth, sucralfate
Flashcard 2756: Etoposide and teniposide can result in _____ (hair pathology)
Answer: alopecia
Flashcard 2757: Does raloxifene increase risk for endometrial cancer?_____
Answer: No (estrogen antagonist at uterus)
Flashcard 2758: Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin are all examples of _____ inhibitors
Answer: SGLT2
Flashcard 2759: One possible adverse metabolic effect of exogenous calcitonin is _____
Answer: hypocalcemia
Flashcard 2760: One adverse effect associated with disopyramide is exacerbation of _____, due to its negative inotropic effects
Answer: heart failure
Flashcard 2761: Which class of medications can increase risk of azathioprine/6-MP side effects?_____
Answer: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat)
Flashcard 2762: Are extrapyramidal symptoms more common with high or low potency typical antipsychotics? _____
Answer: High potency
Flashcard 2763: Epoprostenol and iloprost have direct vaso-_____ effects on pulmonary and systemic arterial vascular beds
Answer: dilatory
Flashcard 2764: What is the treatment for opioid overdose? _____
Answer: Naloxone
Flashcard 2765: What adverse effect is associated with zileuton?_____
Answer: Hepatotoxicity
Flashcard 2766: What effect do fibrates have on HDL levels?_____
Answer: Mildly increased HDL
Flashcard 2767: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Buspirone exerts its effects via stimulation of the _____ receptor
Answer: 5-HT1A
Flashcard 2768: Phase _____ of clinical trials assesses safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics
Answer: I
Flashcard 2769: Neuro/Psych _____ is an IV anesthetic that can cause disorientation, hallucinations, and unpleasant dreams
Answer: Ketamine
Flashcard 2770: Which drug increases the water solubility of uric acid?_____
Answer: Pegloticase
Flashcard 2771: What drug intoxication presents as respiratory and CNS depression, pinpoint pupils and decreased gag reflex? _____
Answer: Opioids
Flashcard 2772: Clonidine may be used for symptom control in _____ withdrawal
Answer: opioid
Flashcard 2773: Isoproterenol causes vaso-_____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 2774: Are zaleplon and zolpidem (nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics) useful for sleep onset or sleep mainteinance? _____
Answer: Sleep onset
Flashcard 2775: Class IB antiarrhythmics have a _____ binding affinity for the Na+ channel
Answer: low
Flashcard 2776: TCAs can cause arrhythmias due to _____ channel inhibition in the myocardium
Answer: fast Na+
Flashcard 2777: Dobutamine causes _____ systolic pressure
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2778: What acid-base disorder may be treated with acetazolamide? _____
Answer: Metabolic alkalosis
Flashcard 2779: What drug class does ticlopidine belong to? _____
Answer: ADP receptor inhibitor
Flashcard 2780: Mitral regurgitation can be treated with _____ therapy as it increases the forward-to-regurgitant volume ratio
Answer: arteriolar vasodilator
Flashcard 2781: Vigabatrin is an anti-epileptic that exerts its effects via inhibition of the enzyme _____
Answer: GABA transaminase
Flashcard 2782: Fibrates lead to _____ in serum LDL by reducing VLDL
Answer: mild decreases
Flashcard 2783: Where does acetaminophen exert its effects?_____
Answer: CNS (Inactivated peripherally)
Flashcard 2784: Dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone are all examples of _____
Answer: glucocorticoids
Flashcard 2785: Which type(s) of diabetes may be treated with pramlintide (amylin analogs)? _____
Answer: T1DM and T2DM
Flashcard 2786: Opioid withdrawal is associated with _____ (pupil size)
Answer: mydriasis
Flashcard 2787: What drug class does exemestane belong to?_____
Answer: Aromatase inhibitor
Flashcard 2788: _____ is a long-acting oral opiate used for opioid detoxification or long-term maintenance therapy
Answer: Buprenorphine
Flashcard 2789: Which anti-epileptic is most associated with drug-induced lupus? _____
Answer: Phenytoin
Flashcard 2790: Isoproterenol causes _____ diastolic pressure
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 2791: Which reaction to monoclonal antibodies includes skin rash, fever, dyspnea, and hypotension?_____
Answer: Infusion reaction
Flashcard 2792: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Ranolazine may cause _____ prolongation on ECG
Answer: QT
Flashcard 2793: Aspirin toxicity may be treated with _____ of serum/urine
Answer: alkalinization
Flashcard 2794: What laboratory function tests (3) should be checked when using amiodarone?_____
Answer: Pulmonary (PFTs), Liver (LFTs), and Thyroid (TFTs)
Flashcard 2795: Mirtazapine may cause _____ mouth as an adverse effect
Answer: dry
Flashcard 2796: Do opiates have addictive potential? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 2797: What is the treatment for overdose of drugs that act as weak bases (e.g. amphetamines, TCAs)?_____
Answer: Ammonium chloride (acidify urine)
Flashcard 2798: What is the effect of cardiac glycosides on contractility? _____
Answer: Increased contractility
Flashcard 2799: Loop diuretics may cause _____-magnesemia as an adverse effect
Answer: hypo
Flashcard 2800: Are local anesthetics typically acidic or alkaline? _____
Answer: Alkaline (tertiary amines)
Flashcard 2801: Does heparin cross the placenta?_____
Answer: No (water soluble)
Flashcard 2802: Which IV anesthetic causes profound vasodilation (and thus hypotension)?_____
Answer: Propofol
Flashcard 2803: Are 2nd generation H1 receptor antagonists associated with drowsiness? _____
Answer: No (do not cross BBB therefore less sedation)
Flashcard 2804: Insulin Detemir and Glargine are characterized by _____ action and duration
Answer: long
Flashcard 2805: What is the effect of -blockers alone on heart rate?_____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 2806: Digitalis toxicity may induce _____, such as premature ventricular contractions
Answer: arrhythmias
Flashcard 2807: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are not recommended if _____ function is impaired
Answer: kidney
Flashcard 2808: Barbiturates are contraindicated in patients with _____ (hematologic pathology)
Answer: porphyrias
Flashcard 2809: Neuro/Psych Arrhythmia secondary to tricyclic antidepressants is prevented with _____
Answer: NaHCO3
Flashcard 2810: Iodinated Radioconstrast Dyes can be used to suppress the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 via inhibition of _____.
Answer: 5'-deiodinase
Flashcard 2811: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) Class I_____ antiarrhythmics may be used to treat digitalis-induced arrhythmias
Answer: B
Flashcard 2812: _____ is a thioamide associated with severe hepatotoxicity.
Answer: Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Flashcard 2813: What type of -blocker is metoprolol? _____
Answer: Selective 1 antagonist (cardioselective)
Flashcard 2814: Which drug used to treat hyperthyroidism is associated with hepatotoxicity?_____
Answer: Propylthiouracil
Flashcard 2815: What drug class do diazepam, lorazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam belong to? _____
Answer: Benzodiazepines
Flashcard 2816: Severe intoxication of amphetamines may cause _____ and cardiac arrest
Answer: seizures
Flashcard 2817: What treatment for headaches is associated with serotonin syndrome? _____
Answer: Triptans
Flashcard 2818: Acetazolamide causes _____ excretion of HCO3- (increased or decreased)
Answer: increased
Flashcard 2819: Because Mesalamine acts in a similar manner to aspirin, it is contraindicated in patients with _____ disease
Answer: kidney
Flashcard 2820: Which anti-emetic(s) should be used to treat a patient with nausea/vomiting due to motion sickness? _____
Answer: 1. H1 receptor blockers, such as diphenhydramine and meclizine 2. M1 receptor blockers, such as scopolamine
Flashcard 2821: Are class IC antiarrhythmics used to treat supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias?_____
Answer: Both
Flashcard 2822: What is the main side effect of imatinib therapy?_____
Answer: Fluid retention
Flashcard 2823: Autonomics ( blockers) blockers can cause or exacerbate _____ due to excessive AV nodal inhibition
Answer: heart block
Flashcard 2824: Typical antipsychotics may cause a decreased _____ threshold
Answer: seizure
Flashcard 2825: What drug class does naproxen belong to? _____
Answer: NSAIDs
Flashcard 2826: Phenytoin may cause neurologic side effects, such as peripheral neuropathy and _____
Answer: ataxia
Flashcard 2827: GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors cause decreased _____ secretion
Answer: glucagon
Flashcard 2828: Most opioid analgesics cause _____ (pupil size)
Answer: miosis
Keywords: Autonomic/CV Drugs flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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Antiarrhythmic classification and mechanisms
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Class I antiarrhythmics (sodium channel blockers)
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Class II antiarrhythmics (beta blockers)
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Class III antiarrhythmics (potassium channel blockers)
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Class IV antiarrhythmics (calcium channel blockers)
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Other antiarrhythmic agents
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Antianginal drugs
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Positive inotropic agents
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Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
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Cardiac glycosides
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Vasopressors and inotropes
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Pulmonary hypertension therapies
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Peripheral vascular disease therapies
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