Neoplasia — Flashcards

Neoplasia US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards

Master Neoplasia with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.

Neoplasia Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards

Flashcard 251: Which carcinogen is associated with the following types of cancer? _____ Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oropharynx and Upper Esophagus Pancreatic Carcinoma Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Answer: Ethanol

Extra: Watch Esophageal Dysmotility & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-esophageal-dysmotility-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Pancreatic Cancer & Islet Cell Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-bladder-cancer-and-penile-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 252: The _____ is a unique site of distant metastasis from lung cancer

Answer: adrenal gland

Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 253: Carcinogens are agents that damage cellular _____ of stem cells

Answer: DNA

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pathology/videos/cellular-injury-and-neoplasia?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 254: The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) sits on chromosome _____

Answer: 14

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki

Flashcard 255: In addition to 'Orphan Annie eye' nuclei, thyroid papillary carcinoma may have cells with intranuclear _____ and inclusions

Answer: grooves

Extra: * nuclei with central clearing, sometimes described as "ground glass" nuclei Watch Thyroid Nodules & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-thyroid-nodules-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:

Flashcard 256: Which of the following types of tumors invade locally and have the potential to metastasize? _____

Answer: Malignant

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 257: What is the major risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? _____

Answer: UV-B light

Extra: Watch Actinic Keratosis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Basal Cell Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-actinic-keratosis-squamous-cell-carcinoma-and-basal-cell-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/malignant-skin-disorders?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/skin-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:

Flashcard 258: Metastasis of medulloblastomas to the _____ is termed "drop metastasis"

Answer: spinal cord

Extra: * Medulloblastoma in 4th ventricle may send "drop metastasis" (cells "fall down" central canal in CSF) to spinal cord Watch Pediatric CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-pediatric-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/pediatric-brain-tumors?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Medulloblastoma T2-weighted cranial MRI (axial view) of a 7-year-old boy: isodense round lesion with hyperintense sections in the fourth ventricle (green overlay); grossly diminished gyration of the cerebellum (C). (P = poorly demarcated pons region; B = basilar artery, CS = external CSF space) Medulloblastoma T1-weighed cranial MRI of a 6-year-old child presenting with features of increased intracranial pressure (midsagittal section with contrast) There is a large hypointense mass occupying the third (upper yellow overlay) and fourth (lower yellow overlay) ventricles that is causing obstructive hydrocephalus (pink overlay). The pink overlay also highlights the leakage of CSF into the periventricular space (transependymal edema) and into the occipital lobe due to the increased intraventricular pressure. This appearance of a fourth ventricular mass in a child is characteristic of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Cranial MRI (T1-weighted, with contrast) There is a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. It features solid parts (green overlay) and cystic parts (red overlay). Location and appearance are typical of a medulloblastoma. (D: diencephalon; P: pons; C: cerebellum; yellow outline: cerebellar tentorium) Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Densely packed, small, blue anaplastic cells are present throughout the specimen. The cells have pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei. On the right, a vessel (its lumen mostly obstructed by eosinophilic material) can be seen. These are typical histopathological findings of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Numerous small, blue, round cells with scant cytoplasm can be seen throughout the specimen (classic examples: arrows, green overlay). Their nuclei vary in size and structure (nuclear pleomorphism) and many cells feature distinctly hyperchromatic nuclei. The majority of the cells are arranged in concentric clusters around lighter central areas consisting of neuropil (examples: dashed outlines and yellow overlay, magnified area). These clusters are referred to as Homer Wright rosettes. These histopathological features, particularly the Homer Wright rosettes, are characteristic of a medulloblastoma. Atlas:

Flashcard 259: What form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is seen in the image below? _____

Answer: Follicular lymphoma

Extra: Watch Non Hodgkin Lymphoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-non-hodgkin-lymphoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire?ref=anki Other:

Flashcard 260: Is medulloblastoma typically seen in adults or children? _____

Answer: Children

Extra: Watch Pediatric CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-pediatric-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/pediatric-brain-tumors?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Medulloblastoma T2-weighted cranial MRI (axial view) of a 7-year-old boy: isodense round lesion with hyperintense sections in the fourth ventricle (green overlay); grossly diminished gyration of the cerebellum (C). (P = poorly demarcated pons region; B = basilar artery, CS = external CSF space) Medulloblastoma T1-weighed cranial MRI of a 6-year-old child presenting with features of increased intracranial pressure (midsagittal section with contrast) There is a large hypointense mass occupying the third (upper yellow overlay) and fourth (lower yellow overlay) ventricles that is causing obstructive hydrocephalus (pink overlay). The pink overlay also highlights the leakage of CSF into the periventricular space (transependymal edema) and into the occipital lobe due to the increased intraventricular pressure. This appearance of a fourth ventricular mass in a child is characteristic of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Cranial MRI (T1-weighted, with contrast) There is a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. It features solid parts (green overlay) and cystic parts (red overlay). Location and appearance are typical of a medulloblastoma. (D: diencephalon; P: pons; C: cerebellum; yellow outline: cerebellar tentorium) Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Densely packed, small, blue anaplastic cells are present throughout the specimen. The cells have pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei. On the right, a vessel (its lumen mostly obstructed by eosinophilic material) can be seen. These are typical histopathological findings of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Numerous small, blue, round cells with scant cytoplasm can be seen throughout the specimen (classic examples: arrows, green overlay). Their nuclei vary in size and structure (nuclear pleomorphism) and many cells feature distinctly hyperchromatic nuclei. The majority of the cells are arranged in concentric clusters around lighter central areas consisting of neuropil (examples: dashed outlines and yellow overlay, magnified area). These clusters are referred to as Homer Wright rosettes. These histopathological features, particularly the Homer Wright rosettes, are characteristic of a medulloblastoma. Atlas:

Keywords: Neoplasia flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards

Study by Chapter

Characteristics of benign vs malignant tumors

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Nomenclature of neoplasms

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Carcinogenesis models

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Oncogenes and proto-oncogenes

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Tumor suppressor genes

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DNA repair genes and cancer

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Epigenetic mechanisms in cancer

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Apoptosis and cancer

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Tumor angiogenesis

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Tumor invasion and metastasis

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Carcinogenic agents

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Paraneoplastic syndromes

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Tumor immunology

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