Neoplasia — Flashcards

Flashcard 1351: The most common variant of renal cell carcinoma exhibits _____ cytoplasm

Answer: clear cell

Flashcard 1352: Nitrosamines are a carcinogen associated with what type of cancer? _____

Answer: Intestinal Gastric Cancer

Flashcard 1353: Which ovarian neoplasm is characterized histologically by Schiller-Duval bodies (glomeruloid-like structures)?

Answer: Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor

Flashcard 1354: Invasive ductal carcinoma may present, grossly, with classic "_____" infiltration

Answer: stellate

Flashcard 1355: Cryptorchidism increases risk for which class of testicular tumor?_____

Answer: Germ cells tumors, especially seminoma

Flashcard 1356: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a very aggressive tumor arising from the pancreatic _____ (ducts or acini)

Answer: ducts

Flashcard 1357: Invasive carcinoma cells first bind to basement membrane via _____

Answer: Laminin receptors

Extra: Steps of tumor invasion and metastasis: 1. Loosening of cell-cell junctions (e.g., loss of E-cadherin) 2. Attachment to basement membrane (via laminin receptors) 3. Degradation of ECM (via proteases like metalloproteinases and cathepsin D) 4. Migration (via autocrine motility factors)

Flashcard 1358: Which tumor suppressor gene is associated with melanoma and pancreatic cancer?_____

Answer: CDKN2A

Flashcard 1359: _____ is a benign small, well-defined mobile breast mass composed of fibrous tissue and glands

Answer: Fibroadenoma

Flashcard 1360: Which part of the urinary tract does adenocarcinoma most commonly occur?

Answer: Bladder

Extra: Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is rare (the most common bladder cancer is urothelial/transitional cell carcinoma). Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract (excluding renal cell carcinoma) is most common in the **bladder**, specifically associated with: 1. **Urachal remnants** (typically involves the **dome** of the bladder) 2. **Bladder exstrophy** (the most common malignancy in these patients) 3. **Cystitis glandularis** (intestinal metaplasia resulting from chronic irritation) *Note: While Renal Cell Carcinoma is an adenocarcinoma of the kidney, the "urinary tract" in pathology often refers to the urothelium-lined collecting system (ureters, bladder, urethra).*